table of contents
- bookworm 2.40-2
- testing 2.43.1-5
- unstable 2.43.1-5
- experimental 2.43.50.20241004-1
GOLD(1) | User Commands | GOLD(1) |
NAME¶
gold - The GNU ELF linker
SYNOPSIS¶
ld.gold [options] file...
OPTIONS¶
- --help
- Report usage information
- -v, --version
- Report version information
- -V
- Report version and target information
- --add-needed
- Not supported
- --no-add-needed
- Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)
--allow-multiple-definition Allow multiple definitions of symbols
- --no-allow-multiple-definition
- Do not allow multiple definitions (default)
- --allow-shlib-undefined
- Allow unresolved references in shared libraries
- --no-allow-shlib-undefined
- Do not allow unresolved references in shared libraries (default)
- --apply-dynamic-relocs
- Apply link-time values for dynamic relocations (default)
- --no-apply-dynamic-relocs
- (aarch64 only) Do not apply link-time values for dynamic relocations
- --as-needed
- Use DT_NEEDED only for shared libraries that are used
- --no-as-needed
- Use DT_NEEDED for all shared libraries (default)
- -assert [ignored]
- Ignored
- -b [elf,binary], --format [elf,binary]
- Set input format
- --be8
- Output BE8 format image
- --build-id [=STYLE]
- Generate build ID note
- --build-id-chunk-size-for-treehash SIZE
- Chunk size for '--build-id=tree'
- --build-id-min-file-size-for-treehash SIZE
- Minimum output file size for '--build-id=tree' to work differently than '--build-id=sha1'
-Bdynamic -l searches for shared libraries (default)
-Bstatic -l does not search for shared libraries
- -dy
- alias for -Bdynamic (default)
- -dn
- alias for -Bstatic
- -Bgroup
- Use group name lookup rules for shared library
- Generate shared library (alias for -G/-shared)
- -Bno-symbolic
- Don't bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared (default)
- -Bsymbolic-functions
- Bind default visibility defined function symbols locally for -shared
- -Bsymbolic
- Bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared
- --check-sections
- Check segment addresses for overlaps (default)
- --no-check-sections
- Do not check segment addresses for overlaps
- --compress-debug-sections [none,zlib,zlib-gnu,zlib-gabi,zstd]
- Compress .debug_* sections in the output file
- --copy-dt-needed-entries
- Not supported
--no-copy-dt-needed-entries Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)
- --cref
- Output cross reference table
- --no-cref
- Do not output cross reference table (default)
- --ctors-in-init-array
- Use DT_INIT_ARRAY for all constructors (default)
- --no-ctors-in-init-array
- Handle constructors as directed by compiler
- -d, --define-common
- Define common symbols
- --no-define-common
- Do not define common symbols in relocatable output (default)
- -dc
- Alias for -d
- -dp
- Alias for -d
- --debug [all,files,script,task][,...]
- Turn on debugging
- --defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION
- Define a symbol
- --demangle [=STYLE]
- Demangle C++ symbols in log messages
- --no-demangle
- Do not demangle C++ symbols in log messages
- --dependency-file FILE
- Write a dependency file listing all files read
- --detect-odr-violations
- Look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule
- --no-detect-odr-violations
- Do not look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule (default)
- --dynamic-list-data
- Add data symbols to dynamic symbols
- --dynamic-list-cpp-new
- Add C++ operator new/delete to dynamic symbols
--dynamic-list-cpp-typeinfo Add C++ typeinfo to dynamic symbols
- --dynamic-list FILE
- Read a list of dynamic symbols
- --emit-stub-syms
- (PowerPC only) Label linker stubs with a symbol (default)
- --no-emit-stub-syms
- (PowerPC only) Do not label linker stubs with a symbol
-e ADDRESS, --entry ADDRESS Set program start address
- --eh-frame-hdr
- Create exception frame header
- --no-eh-frame-hdr
- Do not create exception frame header (default)
- --enable-new-dtags
- Enable use of DT_RUNPATH (default)
- --disable-new-dtags
- Disable use of DT_RUNPATH
- --enable-linker-version
- Put the linker version string into the .comment section
- --disable-linker-version
- Put the linker version string into the .note.gnu.gold-version section (default)
- --no-enum-size-warning
- (ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible enum sizes
- --exclude-libs lib,lib ...
- Exclude libraries from automatic export
- -E, --export-dynamic
- Export all dynamic symbols
- --no-export-dynamic
- Do not export all dynamic symbols (default)
- --export-dynamic-symbol SYMBOL
- Export SYMBOL to dynamic symbol table
- -EB
- Link big-endian objects.
- -EL
- Link little-endian objects.
-f SHLIB, --auxiliary SHLIB Auxiliary filter for shared object symbol table
- -F SHLIB, --filter SHLIB
- Filter for shared object symbol table
- --fatal-warnings
- Treat warnings as errors
- --no-fatal-warnings
- Do not treat warnings as errors (default)
- -fini SYMBOL
- Call SYMBOL at unload-time
- --fix-arm1176
- (ARM only) Fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum (default)
- --no-fix-arm1176
- (ARM only) Do not fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum
- --fix-cortex-a8
- (ARM only) Fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum
- --no-fix-cortex-a8
- (ARM only) Do not fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum (default)
- --fix-cortex-a53-843419
- (AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419
- --no-fix-cortex-a53-843419
- (AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419 (default)
- --fix-cortex-a53-835769
- (AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769
- --no-fix-cortex-a53-835769
- (AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769 (default)
- --fix-v4bx
- (ARM only) Rewrite BX rn as MOV pc, rn for ARMv4
- --fix-v4bx-interworking
- (ARM only) Rewrite BX rn branch to ARMv4 interworking veneer
- -fuse-ld [gold,bfd]
- Ignored for GCC linker option compatibility
- -g
- Ignored
- --gc-sections
- Remove unused sections
- --no-gc-sections
- Don't remove unused sections (default)
- --gdb-index
- Generate .gdb_index section
- --no-gdb-index
- Do not generate .gdb_index section (default)
- --gnu-unique
- Enable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding (default)
- --no-gnu-unique
- Disable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding
- -G, -shared
- Generate shared library
- -h FILENAME, -soname FILENAME
- Set shared library name
- --hash-bucket-empty-fraction FRACTION
- Min fraction of empty buckets in dynamic hash
- --hash-style [sysv,gnu,both]
- Dynamic hash style
- -i
- Alias for -r
- --icf [none,all,safe]
- Identical Code Folding. '--icf=safe' Folds ctors, dtors and functions whose pointers are definitely not taken
- --icf-iterations COUNT
- Number of iterations of ICF (default 3)
- --incremental
- Do an incremental link if possible; otherwise, do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking
- --no-incremental
- Do a full link (default)
- --incremental-full
- Do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking
- --incremental-update
- Do an incremental link; exit if not possible
- --incremental-base FILE
- Set base file for incremental linking (default is output file)
- --incremental-changed
- Assume files changed
- --incremental-unchanged
- Assume files didn't change
- --incremental-unknown
- Use timestamps to check files (default)
- --incremental-startup-unchanged
- Assume startup files unchanged (files preceding this option)
--incremental-patch PERCENT Amount of extra space to allocate for patches (default 10)
- -init SYMBOL
- Call SYMBOL at load-time
- -I PROGRAM, --dynamic-linker PROGRAM
- Set dynamic linker path
- --just-symbols FILE
- Read only symbol values from FILE
- --keep-files-mapped
- Keep files mapped across passes (default on 64bit architectures)
- --no-keep-files-mapped
- Release mapped files after each pass (default on 32bit architectures)
- --keep-unique SYMBOL
- Do not fold this symbol during ICF
- -l LIBNAME, --library LIBNAME
- Search for library LIBNAME
- --ld-generated-unwind-info
- Generate unwind information for PLT (default)
- --no-ld-generated-unwind-info
- Do not generate unwind information for PLT
- -L DIR, --library-path DIR
- Add directory to search path
- --long-plt
- (ARM only) Generate long PLT entries
- --no-long-plt
- (ARM only) Do not generate long PLT entries (default)
- -m EMULATION
- Set GNU linker emulation; obsolete
- --map-whole-files
- Map whole files to memory (default on 64bit architectures)
- --no-map-whole-files
- Map relevant file parts to memory (default on 32bit architectures)
- --merge-exidx-entries
- (ARM only) Merge exidx entries in debuginfo (default)
- --no-merge-exidx-entries
- (ARM only) Do not merge exidx entries in debuginfo
- --mmap-output-file
- Map the output file for writing (default)
- --no-mmap-output-file
- Do not map the output file for writing
- -M, --print-map
- Write map file on standard output
- -Map MAPFILENAME
- Write map file
- -n, --nmagic
- Do not page align data
- -N, --omagic
- Do not page align data, do not make text readonly
- --no-omagic
- Page align data, make text readonly (default)
- --no-keep-memory
- Use less memory and more disk I/O (included only for compatibility with GNU ld)
- --no-undefined
- Report undefined symbols (even with --shared)
- --noinhibit-exec
- Create an output file even if errors occur
- -nostdlib
- Only search directories specified on the command line
- -o FILE, --output FILE
- Set output file name
- --oformat [binary]
- Set output format
- -O LEVEL, -optimize LEVEL
- Optimize output file size
- --orphan-handling [place,discard,warn,error]
- Orphan section handling
- -p
- Ignored for ARM compatibility
- --package-metadata [=JSON]
- Generate package metadata note
- -pie
- Create a position independent executable
- -no-pie
- Do not create a position independent executable (default)
- --pic-executable
- Create a position independent executable
- --no-pic-executable
- Do not create a position independent executable (default)
- --pic-veneer
- Force PIC sequences for ARM/Thumb interworking veneers
- -no-pipeline-knowledge
- (ARM only) Ignore for backward compatibility (default)
- --plt-align [=P2ALIGN]
- (PowerPC only) Align PLT call stubs to fit cache lines
- --plt-localentry
- (PowerPC64 only) Optimize calls to ELFv2 localentry:0 functions
- --no-plt-localentry
- (PowerPC64 only) Don't optimize ELFv2 calls (default)
- --plt-static-chain
- (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should load r11
- --no-plt-static-chain
- (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should not load r11 (default)
- --plt-thread-safe
- (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs with load-load barrier
- --no-plt-thread-safe
- (PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs without barrier (default)
- --plugin PLUGIN
- Load a plugin library
- --plugin-opt OPTION
- Pass an option to the plugin
- --posix-fallocate
- Use posix_fallocate to reserve space in the output file (default)
- --no-posix-fallocate
- Use fallocate or ftruncate to reserve space
- --power10-stubs [=auto,no,yes]
- (PowerPC64 only) stubs use power10 insns
- --no-power10-stubs
- (PowerPC64 only) stubs do not use power10 insns
- --preread-archive-symbols
- Preread archive symbols when multi-threaded
- --print-gc-sections
- List removed unused sections on stderr
- --no-print-gc-sections
- Do not list removed unused sections (default)
- --print-icf-sections
- List folded identical sections on stderr
- --no-print-icf-sections
- Do not list folded identical sections (default)
- --print-output-format
- Print default output format
- --print-symbol-counts FILENAME
- Print symbols defined and used for each input
- --push-state
- Save the state of flags related to input files
- --pop-state
- Restore the state of flags related to input files
- -q, --emit-relocs
- Generate relocations in output
- -Qy
- Ignored for SVR4 compatibility
- -r, -relocatable
- Generate relocatable output
- --relax
- Relax branches on certain targets
- --no-relax
- Do not relax branches (default)
- --retain-symbols-file FILE
- keep only symbols listed in this file
- --rosegment
- Put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment
- --no-rosegment
- Do not put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment (default)
- --rosegment-gap OFFSET
- Set offset between executable and read-only segments
- -R DIR
- Add DIR to runtime search path
- -rpath DIR
- Add DIR to runtime search path
- --rpath-link DIR
- Add DIR to link time shared library search path
- -s, --strip-all
- Strip all symbols
- -S, --strip-debug
- Strip debugging information
- --strip-debug-non-line
- Emit only debug line number information
- --strip-debug-gdb
- Strip debug symbols that are unused by gdb (at least versions <= 7.4)
- --strip-lto-sections
- Strip LTO intermediate code sections (default)
- --section-ordering-file FILENAME
- Layout sections in the order specified
- --section-start SECTION=ADDRESS
- Set address of section
- --secure-plt
- (PowerPC only) Use new-style PLT (default)
- --sort-common [={ascending,descending}]
- Sort common symbols by alignment
- --sort-section [none,name]
- Sort sections by name. '--no-text-reorder' will override '--sort-section=name' for .text
- --spare-dynamic-tags COUNT
- Dynamic tag slots to reserve (default 5)
- --stub-group-size SIZE
- (ARM, PowerPC only) The maximum distance from instructions in a group of sections to their stubs. Negative values mean stubs are always after the group. 1 means use default size
- --stub-group-multi
- (PowerPC only) Allow a group of stubs to serve multiple output sections (default)
- --no-stub-group-multi
- (PowerPC only) Each output section has its own stubs
- --split-stack-adjust-size SIZE
- Stack size when -fsplit-stack function calls non-split
- -static
- Do not link against shared libraries
- --start-lib
- Start a library
- --end-lib
- End a library
- --stats
- Print resource usage statistics
- --sysroot DIR
- Set target system root directory
- -t, --trace
- Print the name of each input file
- --target1-abs
- (ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_ABS32
- --target1-rel
- (ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_REL32
- --target2 [rel, abs, got-rel
- (ARM only) Set R_ARM_TARGET2 relocation type
- --text-reorder
- Enable text section reordering for GCC section names (default)
- --no-text-reorder
- Disable text section reordering for GCC section names
- --threads
- Run the linker multi-threaded
- --no-threads
- Do not run the linker multi-threaded (default)
- --thread-count COUNT
- Number of threads to use
- --thread-count-initial COUNT
- Number of threads to use in initial pass
--thread-count-middle COUNT Number of threads to use in middle pass
- --thread-count-final COUNT
- Number of threads to use in final pass
- --tls-optimize
- (PowerPC/64 only) Optimize GD/LD/IE code to IE/LE (default)
- --no-tls-optimize
- (PowerPC/64 only) Don'''t try to optimize TLS accesses
- --tls-get-addr-optimize
- (PowerPC/64 only) Use a special __tls_get_addr call (default)
- --no-tls-get-addr-optimize
- (PowerPC/64 only) Don't use a special __tls_get_addr call
- --toc-optimize
- (PowerPC64 only) Optimize TOC code sequences (default)
- --no-toc-optimize
- (PowerPC64 only) Don't optimize TOC code sequences
- --toc-sort
- (PowerPC64 only) Sort TOC and GOT sections (default)
- --no-toc-sort
- (PowerPC64 only) Don't sort TOC and GOT sections
- -T FILE, --script FILE
- Read linker script
- -Tbss ADDRESS
- Set the address of the bss segment
- -Tdata ADDRESS
- Set the address of the data segment
- -Ttext ADDRESS
- Set the address of the text segment
- -Ttext-segment ADDRESS
- Set the address of the text segment
- -Trodata-segment ADDRESS
- Set the address of the rodata segment
- -u SYMBOL, --undefined SYMBOL
- Create undefined reference to SYMBOL
- --unresolved-symbols ignore-all,report-all,ignore-in-object-files,ignore-in-shared-libs
- How to handle unresolved symbols
- --verbose
- Alias for --debug=files
- --version-script FILE
- Read version script
- --warn-common
- Warn about duplicate common symbols
- --no-warn-common
- Do not warn about duplicate common symbols (default)
- --warn-constructors
- Ignored
- --no-warn-constructors
- Ignored
- --warn-drop-version
- Warn when discarding version information
- --no-warn-drop-version
- Do not warn when discarding version information (default)
- --warn-execstack
- Warn if the stack is executable
- --no-warn-execstack
- Do not warn if the stack is executable (default)
- --no-warn-mismatch
- Don't warn about mismatched input files
- --warn-multiple-gp
- Ignored
- --warn-search-mismatch
- Warn when skipping an incompatible library (default)
- --no-warn-search-mismatch
- Don't warn when skipping an incompatible library
- --warn-shared-textrel
- Warn if text segment is not shareable
- --no-warn-shared-textrel
- Do not warn if text segment is not shareable (default)
- --warn-unresolved-symbols
- Report unresolved symbols as warnings
- --error-unresolved-symbols
- Report unresolved symbols as errors (default)
- -z buildd
- Dummy z option
- --no-wchar-size-warning
- (ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible wchar_t sizes
- --weak-unresolved-symbols
- Convert unresolved symbols to weak references
- --whole-archive
- Include all archive contents
- --no-whole-archive
- Include only needed archive contents (default)
- --wrap SYMBOL
- Use wrapper functions for SYMBOL
- -x, --discard-all
- Delete all local symbols
- -X, --discard-locals
- Delete all temporary local symbols
- --discard-none
- Keep all local symbols
- -y SYMBOL, --trace-symbol SYMBOL
- Trace references to symbol
- --undefined-version
- Allow unused version in script (default)
- --no-undefined-version
- Do not allow unused version in script
- -Y PATH
- Default search path for Solaris compatibility
- -(, --start-group
- Start a library search group
- -), --end-group
- End a library search group
- -z combreloc
- Sort dynamic relocs (default)
- -z nocombreloc
- Do not sort dynamic relocs
- -z common-page-size=SIZE
- Set common page size to SIZE
- -z defs
- Report undefined symbols (even with --shared)
- -z execstack
- Mark output as requiring executable stack
- -z global
- Make symbols in DSO available for subsequently loaded objects
- -z initfirst
- Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime
- -z interpose
- Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable
- -z unique
- Mark DSO to be loaded at most once, and only in the main namespace
- -z nounique
- Do not mark the DSO as one to be loaded only in the main namespace (default)
- -z lazy
- Mark object for lazy runtime binding (default)
- -z loadfltr
- Mark object requiring immediate process
- -z max-page-size=SIZE
- Set maximum page size to SIZE
- -z muldefs
- Allow multiple definitions of symbols
- -z nocopyreloc
- Do not create copy relocs
- -z nodefaultlib
- Mark object not to use default search paths
- -z nodelete
- Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime
- -z nodlopen
- Mark DSO not available to dlopen
- -z nodump
- Mark DSO not available to dldump
- -z noexecstack
- Mark output as not requiring executable stack
- -z now
- Mark object for immediate function binding
- -z origin
- Mark DSO to indicate that needs immediate $ORIGIN processing at runtime
- -z relro
- Where possible mark variables read-only after relocation (default)
- -z norelro
- Don't mark variables read-only after relocation
- -z stack-size=SIZE
- Set PT_GNU_STACK segment p_memsz to SIZE
- -z start-stop-visibility=[default,internal,hidden,protected]
- ELF symbol visibility for synthesized __start_* and __stop_* symbols
- -z text
- Do not permit relocations in read-only segments
- -z notext
- Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)
- -z textoff
- Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)
- -z text-unlikely-segment
- Move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment.
- -z notext-unlikely-segment
- Do not move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment. (default)
-z keep-text-section-prefix Keep .text.hot, .text.startup, .text.exit and .text.unlikely as separate sections in the final binary.
- -z nokeep-text-section-prefix
- Merge all .text.* prefix sections. (default)
Run gold --help for a list of supported targets and emulations.
REPORTING BUGS¶
Report bugs to <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>
COPYRIGHT¶
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version. This program has absolutely no warranty.
June 2023 | GNU gold (GNU Binutils for Debian 2.40.50.20230602) 1.16 |