.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*- .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.01 (Pod::Simple 3.43) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .ie n \{\ . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "BIO 7SSL" .TH BIO 7SSL 2024-04-11 3.3.0 OpenSSL .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH NAME bio \- Basic I/O abstraction .SH SYNOPSIS .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .Vb 1 \& #include .Ve .SH DESCRIPTION .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" A BIO is an I/O abstraction, it hides many of the underlying I/O details from an application. If an application uses a BIO for its I/O it can transparently handle SSL connections, unencrypted network connections and file I/O. .PP There are two types of BIO, a source/sink BIO and a filter BIO. .PP As its name implies a source/sink BIO is a source and/or sink of data, examples include a socket BIO and a file BIO. .PP A filter BIO takes data from one BIO and passes it through to another, or the application. The data may be left unmodified (for example a message digest BIO) or translated (for example an encryption BIO). The effect of a filter BIO may change according to the I/O operation it is performing: for example an encryption BIO will encrypt data if it is being written to and decrypt data if it is being read from. .PP BIOs can be joined together to form a chain (a single BIO is a chain with one component). A chain normally consists of one source/sink BIO and one or more filter BIOs. Data read from or written to the first BIO then traverses the chain to the end (normally a source/sink BIO). .PP Some BIOs (such as memory BIOs) can be used immediately after calling \&\fBBIO_new()\fR. Others (such as file BIOs) need some additional initialization, and frequently a utility function exists to create and initialize such BIOs. .PP If \fBBIO_free()\fR is called on a BIO chain it will only free one BIO resulting in a memory leak. .PP Calling \fBBIO_free_all()\fR on a single BIO has the same effect as calling \&\fBBIO_free()\fR on it other than the discarded return value. .PP Normally the \fItype\fR argument is supplied by a function which returns a pointer to a BIO_METHOD. There is a naming convention for such functions: a source/sink BIO typically starts with \fIBIO_s_\fR and a filter BIO with \fIBIO_f_\fR. .SS "TCP Fast Open" .IX Subsection "TCP Fast Open" TCP Fast Open (RFC7413), abbreviated "TFO", is supported by the BIO interface since OpenSSL 3.2. TFO is supported in the following operating systems: .IP \(bu 4 Linux kernel 3.13 and later, where TFO is enabled by default. .IP \(bu 4 Linux kernel 4.11 and later, using TCP_FASTOPEN_CONNECT. .IP \(bu 4 FreeBSD 10.3 to 11.4, supports server TFO only. .IP \(bu 4 FreeBSD 12.0 and later, supports both client and server TFO. .IP \(bu 4 macOS 10.14 and later. .PP Each operating system has a slightly different API for TFO. Please refer to the operating systems' API documentation when using sockets directly. .SH EXAMPLES .IX Header "EXAMPLES" Create a memory BIO: .PP .Vb 1 \& BIO *mem = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()); .Ve .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBBIO_ctrl\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_base64\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_buffer\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_cipher\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_md\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_null\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_ssl\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_readbuffer\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_find_type\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_get_conn_mode\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_new\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_new_bio_pair\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_push\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_read_ex\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_accept\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_bio\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_connect\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_fd\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_file\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_mem\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_null\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_socket\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_set_callback\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_set_conn_mode\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_set_tfo\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_set_tfo_accept\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_should_retry\fR\|(3) .SH COPYRIGHT .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright 2000\-2022 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved. .PP Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at .