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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "Type::Tiny::Manual::NonOO 3pm"
.TH Type::Tiny::Manual::NonOO 3pm "2023-07-21" "perl v5.36.0" "User Contributed Perl Documentation"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
Type::Tiny::Manual::NonOO \- Type::Tiny in non\-object\-oriented code
.SH "MANUAL"
.IX Header "MANUAL"
Although Type::Tiny was designed with object-oriented programming in mind,
especially Moose-style classes and roles, it can be used in procedural and
imperative programming.
.PP
If you have read Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoo, you should understand
how Type::Params can be used to validate method parameters. This same
technique can be applied to regular subs too. More information about checking
parameters can be found in Type::Tiny::Manual::Params.
.PP
The \f(CW\*(C`is_*\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`assert_*\*(C'\fR functions exported by type libraries
may be useful in non-OO code too. See Type::Tiny::Manual::UsingWithMoo3.
.SS "Type::Tiny and Smart Match"
.IX Subsection "Type::Tiny and Smart Match"
Perl 5.10 introduced the smart match operator \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR, which has since
been deprecated because though the general idea is fairly sound, the details
were a bit messy.
.PP
Nevertheless, Type::Tiny has support for smart match and I'm documenting
it here because there's nowhere better to put it.
.PP
The following can be used as to check if a value passes a type constraint:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  $value ~~ SomeType
.Ve
.PP
Where it gets weird is if \f(CW$value\fR is an object and overloads \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR.
Which overload of \f(CW\*(C`~~\*(C'\fR wins? I don't know.
.PP
Better to use:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  SomeType\->check( $value )   # more reliable, probably faster
\&  is_SomeType($value)         # more reliable, definitely faster
.Ve
.PP
It's also possible to do:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  $value ~~ SomeType\->coercion
.Ve
.PP
This checks to see if \f(CW$value\fR matches any type that can be coerced
to \fBSomeType\fR.
.PP
But better to use:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  SomeType\->coercion\->has_coercion_for_value( $value )
.Ve
.ie n .SS """given"" and ""when"""
.el .SS "\f(CWgiven\fP and \f(CWwhen\fP"
.IX Subsection "given and when"
Related to the smart match operator is the \f(CW\*(C`given\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`when\*(C'\fR syntax.
.PP
This will not do what you want it to do:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  use Types::Standard qw( Str Int );
\&  
\&  given ($value) {
\&    when (Int) { ... }
\&    when (Str) { ... }
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
This will do what you wanted:
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  use Types::Standard qw( is_Str is_Int );
\&  
\&  given ($value) {
\&    when (\e&is_Int) { ... }
\&    when (\e&is_Str) { ... }
\&  }
.Ve
.PP
Sorry, that's just how Perl be.
.PP
Better though:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use Types::Standard qw( Str Int );
\&  use Type::Utils qw( match_on_type );
\&  
\&  match_on_type $value => (
\&    Str, sub { ... },
\&    Int, sub { ... },
\&  );
.Ve
.PP
If this is part of a loop or other frequently called bit of code, you can
compile the checks once and use them many times:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  use Types::Standard qw( Str Int );
\&  use Type::Utils qw( compile_match_on_type );
\&  
\&  my $dispatch_table = compile_match_on_type(
\&    Str, sub { ... },
\&    Int, sub { ... },
\&  );
\&  
\&  $dispatch_table\->($_) for @lots_of_values;
.Ve
.PP
As with most things in Type::Tiny, those coderefs can be replaced by strings
of Perl code.
.SH "NEXT STEPS"
.IX Header "NEXT STEPS"
Here's your next step:
.IP "\(bu" 4
Type::Tiny::Manual::Optimization
.Sp
Squeeze the most out of your \s-1CPU.\s0
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Toby Inkster <tobyink@cpan.org>.
.SH "COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE"
This software is copyright (c) 2013\-2014, 2017\-2023 by Toby Inkster.
.PP
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
.SH "DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES"
.IX Header "DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES"
\&\s-1THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED \*(L"AS IS\*(R" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\s0