NAME¶

groff_trace - groff macro package trace.tmac

SYNOPSIS¶

DESCRIPTION¶

The trace macro package of groff(1) can be a valuable tool for debugging documents written in the roff formatting language. A call stack trace is protocolled on standard error, this is, a diagnostic message is emitted on entering and exiting of a macro call. This greatly eases to track down an error in some macro.

This tracing process is activated by specifying the groff or troff command-line option -m trace. This works also with the groffer(1) viewer program. A finer control can be obtained by including the macro file within the document by the groff macro call .mso trace.tmac. Only macros that are defined after this line are traced.

If the command-line option -r trace-full=1 is given (or if this register is set in the document), number and string register assignments together with some other requests are traced also.

If some other macro package should be traced as well it must be specified after -m trace on the command line.

The macro file trace.tmac is unusual because it does not contain any macros to be called by a user. Instead, the existing macro definition and appending facilities are modified such that they display diagnostic messages.

EXAMPLES¶

In the following examples, a roff fragment is fed into groff via standard input. As we are only interested in the diagnostic messages (standard error) on the terminal, the normal formatted output (standard output) is redirected to the nirvana device /dev/null. The resulting diagnostic messages are displayed directly below the corresponding example.

sh# echo '.
> .de test_macro
> ..
> .test_macro
> .test_macro some dummy arguments
> ' | groff -m trace > /dev/null
*** .de test_macro
*** de trace enter: .test_macro
*** trace exit: .test_macro
*** de trace enter: .test_macro "some" "dummy" "arguments"
*** trace exit: .test_macro "some" "dummy" "arguments"

sh# echo '.
> .de child
> ..
> .de parent
> .child
> ..
> .parent
> ' | groff -m trace > /dev/null
*** .de child
*** .de parent
*** de trace enter: .parent


 *** de trace enter: .child


 *** trace exit: .child
*** trace exit: .parent

sh# echo '.
> .de before
> ..
> .mso trace.tmac
> .de after
> ..
> .before
> .after
> .before
> ' | groff > /dev/null
*** de trace enter: .after
*** trace exit: .after

PROBLEMS¶

Because trace.tmac wraps the .de request (and its cousins), macro arguments are expanded one level more. This causes problems if an argument contains four backslashes or more to prevent too early expansion of the backslash. For example, this macro call

.foo \\\\n[bar]
    

normally passes ‘\\n[bar]’ to macro ‘.foo’, but with the redefined .de request it passes ‘\n[bar]’ instead.

The solution to this problem is to use groff's \E escape which is an escape character not interpreted in copy mode, for example

.foo \En[bar]
    

FILES¶

The trace macros are kept in the file trace.tmac located in the tmac directory; see groff_tmac(5) for details.

ENVIRONMENT¶

GROFF_TMAC_PATH

A colon-separated list of additional tmac directories in which to search for macro files; see groff_tmac(5) for details.

AUTHORS¶

The trace macro packages was written by James Clark. This document was written by Bernd Warken.

SEE ALSO¶

Groff: The GNU Implementation of troff, by Trent A. Fisher and Werner Lemberg, is the primary groff manual. You can browse it interactively with “info groff”.

groff(1)

An overview of the groff system.

troff(1)

For details on option -m.

groffer(1)

A viewer program for all kinds of roff documents.

groff_tmac(5)

A general description of groff macro packages.

groff(7)

A short reference for the groff formatting language.