Synchronous example¶

$ ./a.out ftp.us.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.cz
ftp.us.kernel.org: 128.30.2.36
enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13

Here is the program source code

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i, ret;
    struct gaicb *reqs[argc - 1];
    char host[NI_MAXHOST];
    struct addrinfo *res;
    if (argc < 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s HOST...\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
        reqs[i] = malloc(sizeof(*reqs[0]));
        if (reqs[i] == NULL) {
            perror("malloc");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        memset(reqs[i], 0, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
        reqs[i]->ar_name = argv[i + 1];
    }
    ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_WAIT, reqs, argc - 1, NULL);
    if (ret != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                gai_strerror(ret));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < argc - 1; i++) {
        printf("%s: ", reqs[i]->ar_name);
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (ret == 0) {
            res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
            ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                    host, sizeof(host),
                    NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
            if (ret != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                        gai_strerror(ret));
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            puts(host);
        } else {
            puts(gai_strerror(ret));
        }
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Asynchronous example¶

An example session might look like this:

$ ./a.out
> a ftp.us.kernel.org enoent.linuxfoundation.org gnu.cz
> c 2
[2] gnu.cz: Request not canceled
> w 0 1
[00] ftp.us.kernel.org: Finished
> l
[00] ftp.us.kernel.org: 216.165.129.139
[01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Processing request in progress
[02] gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13
> l
[00] ftp.us.kernel.org: 216.165.129.139
[01] enoent.linuxfoundation.org: Name or service not known
[02] gnu.cz: 87.236.197.13

The program source is as follows:

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
static struct gaicb **reqs = NULL;
static int nreqs = 0;
static char *
getcmd(void)
{
    static char buf[256];
    fputs("> ", stdout); fflush(stdout);
    if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n')
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = 0;
    return buf;
}
/* Add requests for specified hostnames */
static void
add_requests(void)
{
    int nreqs_base = nreqs;
    char *host;
    int ret;
    while ((host = strtok(NULL, " "))) {
        nreqs++;
        reqs = realloc(reqs, nreqs * sizeof(reqs[0]));
        reqs[nreqs - 1] = calloc(1, sizeof(*reqs[0]));
        reqs[nreqs - 1]->ar_name = strdup(host);
    }
    /* Queue nreqs_base..nreqs requests. */
    ret = getaddrinfo_a(GAI_NOWAIT, &reqs[nreqs_base],
                        nreqs - nreqs_base, NULL);
    if (ret) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo_a() failed: %s\n",
                gai_strerror(ret));
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}
/* Wait until at least one of specified requests completes */
static void
wait_requests(void)
{
    char *id;
    int i, ret, n;
    struct gaicb const **wait_reqs = calloc(nreqs, sizeof(*wait_reqs));
                /* NULL elements are ignored by gai_suspend(). */
    while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
        n = atoi(id);
        if (n >= nreqs) {
            printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
            return;
        }
        wait_reqs[n] = reqs[n];
    }
    ret = gai_suspend(wait_reqs, nreqs, NULL);
    if (ret) {
        printf("gai_suspend(): %s\n", gai_strerror(ret));
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
        if (wait_reqs[i] == NULL)
            continue;
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (ret == EAI_INPROGRESS)
            continue;
        printf("[%02d] %s: %s\n", i, reqs[i]->ar_name,
               ret == 0 ? "Finished" : gai_strerror(ret));
    }
}
/* Cancel specified requests */
static void
cancel_requests(void)
{
    char *id;
    int ret, n;
    while ((id = strtok(NULL, " ")) != NULL) {
        n = atoi(id);
        if (n >= nreqs) {
            printf("Bad request number: %s\n", id);
            return;
        }
        ret = gai_cancel(reqs[n]);
        printf("[%s] %s: %s\n", id, reqs[atoi(id)]->ar_name,
               gai_strerror(ret));
    }
}
/* List all requests */
static void
list_requests(void)
{
    int i, ret;
    char host[NI_MAXHOST];
    struct addrinfo *res;
    for (i = 0; i < nreqs; i++) {
        printf("[%02d] %s: ", i, reqs[i]->ar_name);
        ret = gai_error(reqs[i]);
        if (!ret) {
            res = reqs[i]->ar_result;
            ret = getnameinfo(res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen,
                              host, sizeof(host),
                              NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
            if (ret) {
                fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo() failed: %s\n",
                        gai_strerror(ret));
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            puts(host);
        } else {
            puts(gai_strerror(ret));
        }
    }
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *cmdline;
    char *cmd;
    while ((cmdline = getcmd()) != NULL) {
        cmd = strtok(cmdline, " ");
        if (cmd == NULL) {
            list_requests();
        } else {
            switch (cmd[0]) {
            case 'a':
                add_requests();
                break;
            case 'w':
                wait_requests();
                break;
            case 'c':
                cancel_requests();
                break;
            case 'l':
                list_requests();
                break;
            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "Bad command: %c\n", cmd[0]);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}