NAME¶

SYNOPSIS¶

 virt-ls [--options] -d domname directory [directory ...]

 virt-ls [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...] directory [directory ...]

Old style:

 virt-ls [--options] domname directory

 virt-ls [--options] disk.img [disk.img ...] directory

DESCRIPTION¶

Multiple directory names can be given, in which case the output from each is concatenated.

To list directories from a libvirt guest use the -d option to specify the name of the guest. For a disk image, use the -a option.

"virt-ls" can do many simple file listings. For more complicated cases you may need to use guestfish(1), or write a program directly to the guestfs(3) API.

EXAMPLES¶

 virt-ls -R -d guest /

List all setuid or setgid programs in a Linux virtual machine:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest / | grep '^- [42]'

List all public-writable directories in a Linux virtual machine:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest / | grep '^d ...7'

List all Unix domain sockets in a Linux virtual machine:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest / | grep '^s'

List all regular files with filenames ending in ‘.png’:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest / | grep -i '^-.*\.png$'

To display files larger than 10MB in home directories:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest /home | awk '$3 > 10*1024*1024'

Find everything modified in the last 7 days:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest --time-days / | awk '$6 <= 7'

Find regular files modified in the last 24 hours:

 virt-ls -lR -d guest --time-days / | grep '^-' | awk '$6 < 1'

OUTPUT MODES¶

 $ virt-ls -d guest /
 bin
 boot
 [etc.]

 $ virt-ls -l -d guest /
 total 204
 dr-xr-xr-x.   2 root root   4096 2009-08-25 19:06 bin
 dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root root   3072 2009-08-25 19:06 boot
 [etc.]

 $ virt-ls -R -d guest /tmp
 foo
 foo/bar
 [etc.]

 $ virt-ls -lR -d guest /bin
 d 0555       4096 /bin
 - 0755        123 /bin/alsaunmute
 - 0755      28328 /bin/arch
 l 0777          4 /bin/awk -> gawk
 - 0755      27216 /bin/basename
 - 0755     943360 /bin/bash
 [etc.]

OPTIONS¶

--help

Display brief help.

-a file

--add file

Add file which should be a disk image from a virtual machine. If the virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of them with separate -a options.

The format of the disk image is auto-detected. To override this and force a particular format use the --format=.. option.

-a URI

--add URI

Add a remote disk. See "ADDING REMOTE STORAGE" in guestfish(1).

--checksum

--checksum=crc|md5|sha1|sha224|sha256|sha384|sha512

Display checksum over file contents for regular files. With no argument, this defaults to using md5. Using an argument, you can select the checksum type to use.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

-c URI

--connect URI

If using libvirt, connect to the given URI. If omitted, then we connect to the default libvirt hypervisor.

If you specify guest block devices directly (-a), then libvirt is not used at all.

--csv

Write out the results in CSV format (comma-separated values). This format can be imported easily into databases and spreadsheets, but read "NOTE ABOUT CSV FORMAT" below.

-d guest

--domain guest

Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest. Domain UUIDs can be used instead of names.

--echo-keys

When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-ls normally turns echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing. If you are not worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.

--extra-stats

Display extra stats.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--format=raw|qcow2|..

--format

The default for the -a option is to auto-detect the format of the disk image. Using this forces the disk format for -a options which follow on the command line. Using --format with no argument switches back to auto-detection for subsequent -a options.

For example:

 virt-ls --format=raw -a disk.img /dir
    

forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.

 virt-ls --format=raw -a disk.img --format -a another.img /dir
    

forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img and reverts to auto-detection for another.img.

If you have untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should use this option to specify the disk format. This avoids a possible security problem with malicious guests (CVE-2010-3851).

-h

--human-readable

Display file sizes in human-readable format.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--key SELECTOR

Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device when using the inspection. "SELECTOR" can be in one of the following formats:

--keys-from-stdin

Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin. The default is to try to read passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.

-m dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]

--mount dev[:mountpoint[:options[:fstype]]]

Mount the named partition or logical volume on the given mountpoint.

If the mountpoint is omitted, it defaults to /.

Specifying any mountpoint disables the inspection of the guest and the mount of its root and all of its mountpoints, so make sure to mount all the mountpoints needed to work with the filenames given as arguments.

If you don’t know what filesystems a disk image contains, you can either run guestfish without this option, then list the partitions, filesystems and LVs available (see "list-partitions", "list-filesystems" and "lvs" commands), or you can use the virt-filesystems(1) program.

The third (and rarely used) part of the mount parameter is the list of mount options used to mount the underlying filesystem. If this is not given, then the mount options are either the empty string or "ro" (the latter if the --ro flag is used). By specifying the mount options, you override this default choice. Probably the only time you would use this is to enable ACLs and/or extended attributes if the filesystem can support them:

 -m /dev/sda1:/:acl,user_xattr
    

Using this flag is equivalent to using the "mount-options" command.

The fourth part of the parameter is the filesystem driver to use, such as "ext3" or "ntfs". This is rarely needed, but can be useful if multiple drivers are valid for a filesystem (eg: "ext2" and "ext3"), or if libguestfs misidentifies a filesystem.

-l

--long

-R

--recursive

Select the mode. With neither of these options, "virt-ls" produces a simple, flat list of the files in the named directory. See "SIMPLE LISTING".

"virt-ls -l" produces a "long listing", which shows more detail. See "LONG LISTING".

"virt-ls -R" produces a recursive list of files starting at the named directory. See "RECURSIVE LISTING".

"virt-ls -lR" produces a recursive long listing which can be more easily parsed. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING".

--times

Display time fields.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--time-days

Display time fields as days before now (negative if in the future).

Note that 0 in output means "up to 1 day before now", or that the age of the file is between 0 and 86399 seconds.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--time-relative

Display time fields as seconds before now (negative if in the future).

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--time-t

Display time fields as seconds since the Unix epoch.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

--uids

Display UID and GID fields.

This option only has effect in -lR output mode. See "RECURSIVE LONG LISTING" above.

-v

--verbose

Enable verbose messages for debugging.

-V

--version

Display version number and exit.

-x

Enable tracing of libguestfs API calls.

OLD-STYLE COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS¶

 virt-ls disk.img [disk.img ...] /dir

or

 virt-ls guestname /dir

whereas in this version you should use -a or -d respectively to avoid the confusing case where a disk image might have the same name as a guest.

For compatibility the old style is still supported.

NOTE ABOUT CSV FORMAT¶

Myth: Just split fields at commas. Reality: This does not work reliably. This example has two columns:

 "foo,bar",baz

Myth: Read the file one line at a time. Reality: This does not work reliably. This example has one row:

 "foo
 bar",baz

For shell scripts, use "csvtool" (https://github.com/Chris00/ocaml-csv also packaged in major Linux distributions).

For other languages, use a CSV processing library (eg. "Text::CSV" for Perl or Python’s built-in csv library).

Most spreadsheets and databases can import CSV directly.

EXIT STATUS¶

SEE ALSO¶

AUTHOR¶

COPYRIGHT¶

LICENSE¶

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

BUGS¶

To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

When reporting a bug, please supply:

• The version of libguestfs.
• Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc)
• Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.
• Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output into the bug report.