• no polygons overlap
• all shared edges have nodes at the same locations
• any gaps between polygons are larger than a specified width

NOTE:

--geometry-field

Specify the name of the geometry field to test, for layers having multiple geometry fields. By default the first geometry field will be used.

--include-valid

Include features for valid geometries in the output, maintaining 1:1 correspondence between input and output features. The geometry of valid features will be an empty geometry.

--input-layer

Specifies the name of the layer to process. By default, all layers will be processed.

--output-layer

Specifies the name of the layer to which features will be written. If not specified and there is a single input layer, the name "invalid_edge" will be used. If not specified and there are multiple input layers, features for each input layer will be written to a separate output layer in the format "invalid_edge_{INPUT_LAYER}".

--maximum-gap-width <MAXIMUM-GAP-WIDTH>

Defines the largest area that should be considered a gap.

--append

Whether appending features to existing layer(s) is allowed. This also creates the output dataset if it does not exist yet.

--co, --creation-option <NAME>=<VALUE>

Many formats have one or more optional dataset creation options that can be used to control particulars about the file created. For instance, the GeoPackage driver supports creation options to control the version.

May be repeated.

The dataset creation options available vary by format driver, and some simple formats have no creation options at all. A list of options supported for a format can be listed with the --formats command line option but the documentation for the format is the definitive source of information on driver creation options. See Vector drivers format specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.

Note that dataset creation options are different from layer creation options.

--if, --input-format <format>

Format/driver name to be attempted to open the input file(s). It is generally not necessary to specify it, but it can be used to skip automatic driver detection, when it fails to select the appropriate driver. This option can be repeated several times to specify several candidate drivers. Note that it does not force those drivers to open the dataset. In particular, some drivers have requirements on file extensions.

May be repeated.

--lco, --layer-creation-option <NAME>=<VALUE>

Many formats have one or more optional layer creation options that can be used to control particulars about the layer created. For instance, the GeoPackage driver supports layer creation options to control the feature identifier or geometry column name, setting the identifier or description, etc.

May be repeated.

The layer creation options available vary by format driver, and some simple formats have no layer creation options at all. A list of options supported for a format can be listed with the --formats command line option but the documentation for the format is the definitive source of information on driver creation options. See Vector drivers format specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.

Note that layer creation options are different from dataset creation options.

--no-create-empty-layers

Added in version 3.13.

Avoid creating layers to which no features will be written.

--oo, --open-option <NAME>=<VALUE>

Dataset open option (format specific).

May be repeated.

-f, --of, --format, --output-format <OUTPUT-FORMAT>

Which output vector format to use. Allowed values may be given by gdal --formats | grep vector | grep rw | sort

--output-open-option, --output-oo <NAME>=<VALUE>

Added in version 3.12.

Dataset open option for output dataset (format specific).

May be repeated.

--overwrite

Allow program to overwrite existing target file or dataset. Otherwise, by default, gdal errors out if the target file or dataset already exists.

--overwrite-layer

Whether overwriting the existing output vector layer is allowed.

--skip-errors

Added in version 3.12.

Whether failures to write feature(s) should be ignored. Note that this option sets the size of the transaction unit to one feature at a time, which may cause severe slowdown when inserting into databases.

--update

Whether to open an existing output dataset in update mode.

--upsert

Added in version 3.12.

Variant of --append where the OGRLayer::UpsertFeature() operation is used to insert or update features instead of appending with OGRLayer::CreateFeature().

This is currently implemented only in a few drivers: GPKG -- GeoPackage vector, Elasticsearch: Geographically Encoded Objects for Elasticsearch and MongoDBv3 (drivers that implement upsert expose the GDAL_DCAP_UPSERT capability).

The upsert operation uses the FID of the input feature, when it is set (and the FID column name is not the empty string), as the key to update existing features. It is crucial to make sure that the FID in the source and target layers are consistent.

For the GPKG driver, it is also possible to upsert features whose FID is unset or non-significant (the --unset-fid option of gdal vector edit can be used to ignore the FID from the source feature), when there is a UNIQUE column that is not the integer primary key.