NAME¶

SETUP¶

/* Don't try to compile this file on it's own. It's meant to be #included
   by example code */
/* Insert some sample data */
bool insert_data (mongoc_collection_t* collection)
{
   mongoc_bulk_operation_t *bulk;
   enum N { ndocs = 4 };
   bson_t* docs[ndocs];
   bson_error_t error;
   int i = 0;
   bool ret;
   bulk = mongoc_collection_create_bulk_operation (collection, true, NULL);
   docs[0] = BCON_NEW ("x", BCON_DOUBLE (1.0), "tags", "[", "dog", "cat", "]");
   docs[1] = BCON_NEW ("x", BCON_DOUBLE (2.0), "tags", "[", "cat", "]");
   docs[2] = BCON_NEW ("x", BCON_DOUBLE (2.0), "tags",
                       "[", "mouse", "cat", "dog", "]");
   docs[3] = BCON_NEW ("x", BCON_DOUBLE (3.0), "tags", "[", "]");
   for (i = 0; i < ndocs; i++) {
      mongoc_bulk_operation_insert (bulk, docs[i]);
      bson_destroy (docs[i]);
      docs[i] = NULL;
   }
   ret = mongoc_bulk_operation_execute (bulk, NULL, &error);
   if (!ret) {
      fprintf (stderr, "Error inserting data: %s\n", error.message);
   }
   mongoc_bulk_operation_destroy (bulk);
   return ret;
}
/* A helper which we'll use a lot later on */
void print_res (const bson_t* reply)
{
   BSON_ASSERT (reply);
   char *str = bson_as_json (reply, NULL);
   printf ("%s\n", str);
   bson_free (str);
}

DISTINCT COMMAND¶

bool distinct (mongoc_database_t* database)
{
   bson_t* command;
   bson_t reply;
   bson_error_t error;
   bool res;
   bson_iter_t iter;
   bson_iter_t array_iter;
   double val;
   command = BCON_NEW ("distinct", BCON_UTF8 (COLLECTION_NAME),
                       "key", BCON_UTF8 ("x"),
                       "query", "{",
                       "x", "{", "$gt", BCON_DOUBLE (1.0), "}",
                       "}"
      );
   res = mongoc_database_command_simple (database, command, NULL,
                                         &reply, &error);
   if (!res) {
      fprintf (stderr, "Error with distinct: %s\n", error.message);
      goto cleanup;
   }
   /* Do something with reply (in this case iterate through the values) */
   if (!(bson_iter_init_find (&iter, &reply, "values") &&
         BSON_ITER_HOLDS_ARRAY (&iter) &&
         bson_iter_recurse (&iter, &array_iter))) {
      fprintf (stderr, "Couldn't extract \"values\" field from response\n");
      goto cleanup;
   }
   while (bson_iter_next (&array_iter)) {
      if (BSON_ITER_HOLDS_DOUBLE (&array_iter)) {
         val = bson_iter_double (&array_iter);
         printf ("Next double: %f\n", val);
      }
   }
cleanup:
   /* cleanup */
   bson_destroy (command);
   bson_destroy (&reply);
   return res;
}

MAPREDUCE - BASIC EXAMPLE¶

First define the map and reduce functions:

const char* const COLLECTION_NAME = "things";
/* Our map function just emits a single (key, 1) pair for each tag
   in the array: */
const char* const MAPPER =
   "function () {"
      "this.tags.forEach(function(z) {"
         "emit(z, 1);"
      "});"
   "}";
/* The reduce function sums over all of the emitted values for a
   given key: */
const char* const REDUCER =
   "function (key, values) {"
      "var total = 0;"
      "for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {"
         "total += values[i];"
      "}"
      "return total;"
   "}";
/* Note We can’t just return values.length as the reduce function
   might be called iteratively on the results of other reduce
   steps. */

Run the mapReduce command:

bool map_reduce_basic (mongoc_database_t* database)
{
   bson_t reply;
   bson_t* command;
   bool res;
   bson_error_t error;
   mongoc_cursor_t* cursor;
   const bson_t* doc;
   bool map_reduce_done = false;
   bool query_done = false;
   const char* out_collection_name = "outCollection";
   mongoc_collection_t* out_collection;
   /* Empty find query */
   bson_t find_query = BSON_INITIALIZER;
   /* Construct the mapReduce command */
   /* Other arguments can also be specified here, like "query" or
      "limit" and so on */
   command = BCON_NEW ("mapReduce", BCON_UTF8 (COLLECTION_NAME),
                       "map", BCON_CODE (MAPPER),
                       "reduce", BCON_CODE (REDUCER),
                       "out", BCON_UTF8 (out_collection_name));
   res = mongoc_database_command_simple (database, command, NULL,
                                        &reply, &error);
   map_reduce_done = true;
   if (!res) {
      fprintf (stderr, "MapReduce failed: %s\n", error.message);
      goto cleanup;
   }
   /* Do something with the reply (it doesn't contain the mapReduce results) */
   print_res (&reply);
   /* Now we'll query outCollection to see what the results are */
   out_collection = mongoc_database_get_collection (database,
                                                    out_collection_name);
   cursor = mongoc_collection_find (out_collection, MONGOC_QUERY_NONE, 0, 0, 0,
                                    &find_query, NULL, NULL);
   query_done = true;
   /* Do something with the results */
   while (mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc)) {
      print_res (doc);
   }
   if (mongoc_cursor_error (cursor, &error)) {
      fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: %s\n", error.message);
      res = false;
      goto cleanup;
   }
cleanup:
   /* cleanup */
   if (query_done) {
      mongoc_cursor_destroy (cursor);
      mongoc_collection_destroy (out_collection);
   }
   if (map_reduce_done) {
      bson_destroy (&reply);
      bson_destroy (command);
   }
   return res;
}

MAPREDUCE - MORE COMPLICATED EXAMPLE¶

In this example we contact a secondary in the replica set and do an "inline" map reduce, so the results are returned immediately:

bool map_reduce_advanced (mongoc_database_t* database)
{
   bson_t* command;
   bson_error_t error;
   bool res = true;
   mongoc_cursor_t* cursor;
   mongoc_read_prefs_t* read_pref;
   const bson_t* doc;
   /* Construct the mapReduce command */
   /* Other arguments can also be specified here, like "query" or "limit"
      and so on */
   /* Read the results inline from a secondary replica */
   command = BCON_NEW ("mapReduce", BCON_UTF8 (COLLECTION_NAME),
                       "map", BCON_CODE (MAPPER),
                       "reduce", BCON_CODE (REDUCER),
                       "out", "{", "inline", "1", "}");
   read_pref = mongoc_read_prefs_new (MONGOC_READ_SECONDARY);
   cursor = mongoc_database_command (database, MONGOC_QUERY_NONE, 0, 0, 0,
                                     command, NULL, read_pref);
   /* Do something with the results */
   while (mongoc_cursor_next (cursor, &doc)) {
      print_res (doc);
   }
   if (mongoc_cursor_error (cursor, &error)) {
      fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: %s\n", error.message);
      res = false;
   }
   mongoc_cursor_destroy (cursor);
   mongoc_read_prefs_destroy (read_pref);
   bson_destroy (command);
   return res;
}

RUNNING¶

/*
 * Copyright 2016 MongoDB, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE‐2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
#include <mongoc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "constants.c"
#include "../doc‐common‐insert.c"
#include "distinct.c"
#include "map‐reduce‐basic.c"
#include "map‐reduce‐advanced.c"
int
main (int   argc,
      char *argv[])
{
   mongoc_database_t *database = NULL;
   mongoc_client_t *client = NULL;
   mongoc_collection_t *collection = NULL;
   char *host_and_port = NULL;
   int res = 0;
   if (argc != 2) {
      fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s CONNECTION‐STRING\n",
               argv[0]);
      fprintf (stderr,
               "the connection string can be of the following forms:\n");
      fprintf (stderr, "localhost\t\t\t\tlocal machine\n");
      fprintf (stderr, "localhost:27018\t\t\t\tlocal machine on port 27018\n");
      fprintf (stderr,
               "mongodb://user:pass@localhost:27017\t"
               "local machine on port 27017, and authenticate with username "
               "user and password pass\n");
      return 1;
   }
   mongoc_init ();
   if (strncmp (argv[1], "mongodb://", 10) == 0) {
      host_and_port = bson_strdup (argv [1]);
   } else {
      host_and_port = bson_strdup_printf ("mongodb://%s", argv[1]);
   }
   client = mongoc_client_new (host_and_port);
   if (!client) {
      fprintf (stderr, "Invalid hostname or port: %s\n", host_and_port);
      res = 2;
      goto cleanup;
   }
   mongoc_client_set_error_api (client, 2);
   database = mongoc_client_get_database (client, "test");
   collection = mongoc_database_get_collection (database, COLLECTION_NAME);
   printf ("Inserting data\n");
   if (!insert_data (collection)) {
      res = 3;
      goto cleanup;
   }
   printf ("distinct\n");
   if (!distinct (database)) {
      res = 4;
      goto cleanup;
   }
   printf ("map reduce\n");
   if (!map_reduce_basic (database)) {
      res = 5;
      goto cleanup;
   }
   printf ("more complicated map reduce\n");
   if (!map_reduce_advanced (database)) {
      res = 6;
      goto cleanup;
   }
cleanup:
   if (collection) {
      mongoc_collection_destroy (collection);
   }
   if (database) {
      mongoc_database_destroy (database);
   }
   if (client) {
      mongoc_client_destroy (client);
   }
   if (host_and_port) {
      bson_free (host_and_port);
   }
   mongoc_cleanup ();
   return res;
}

If you want to try the advanced map reduce example with a secondary, start a replica set (instructions for how to do this can be found here ).

Otherwise, just start an instance of MongoDB:

$ mongod

Now compile and run the example program:

$ cd examples/basic_aggregation/ $ gcc -Wall -o agg-example basic-aggregation.c $(pkg-config --cflags --libs libmongoc-1.0) $ ./agg-example localhost

COLOPHON¶