NAME¶

uio, uiomove, uiomove_nofault — device driver I/O routines

SYNOPSIS¶

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

struct uio {
	struct	iovec *uio_iov;		/* scatter/gather list */
	int	uio_iovcnt;		/* length of scatter/gather list */
	off_t	uio_offset;		/* offset in target object */
	ssize_t	uio_resid;		/* remaining bytes to copy */
	enum	uio_seg uio_segflg;	/* address space */
	enum	uio_rw uio_rw;		/* operation */
	struct	thread *uio_td;		/* owner */
};

int
uiomove_nofault(void *buf, int howmuch, struct uio *uiop);

DESCRIPTION¶

The functions uiomove() and uiomove_nofault() are used to transfer data between buffers and I/O vectors that might possibly cross the user/kernel space boundary.

As a result of any read(2), write(2), readv(2), or writev(2) system call that is being passed to a character-device driver, the appropriate driver d_read or d_write entry will be called with a pointer to a struct uio being passed. The transfer request is encoded in this structure. The driver itself should use uiomove() or uiomove_nofault() to get at the data in this structure.

The fields in the uio structure are:

uio_iov

The array of I/O vectors to be processed. In the case of scatter/gather I/O, this will be more than one vector.

uio_iovcnt

The number of I/O vectors present.

uio_offset

The offset into the device.

uio_resid

The remaining number of bytes to process, updated after transfer.

uio_segflg

One of the following flags:

UIO_USERSPACE

The I/O vector points into a process's address space.

UIO_SYSSPACE

The I/O vector points into the kernel address space.

UIO_NOCOPY

Do not copy, already in object.

uio_rw

The direction of the desired transfer, either UIO_READ or UIO_WRITE.

uio_td

The pointer to a struct thread for the associated thread; used if uio_segflg indicates that the transfer is to be made from/to a process's address space.

The function uiomove_nofault() requires that the buffer and I/O vectors be accessible without incurring a page fault. The source and destination addresses must be physically mapped for read and write access, respectively, and neither the source nor destination addresses may be pageable. Thus, the function uiomove_nofault() can be called from contexts where acquiring virtual memory system locks or sleeping are prohibited.

RETURN VALUES¶

On success uiomove() and uiomove_nofault() will return 0; on error they will return an appropriate error code.

EXAMPLES¶

The idea is that the driver maintains a private buffer for its data, and processes the request in chunks of maximal the size of this buffer. Note that the buffer handling below is very simplified and will not work (the buffer pointer is not being advanced in case of a partial read), it is just here to demonstrate the uio handling.

/* MIN() can be found there: */
#include <sys/param.h>

#define BUFSIZE 512
static char buffer[BUFSIZE];

static int data_available;	/* amount of data that can be read */

static int
fooread(struct cdev *dev, struct uio *uio, int flag)
{
	int rv, amnt;

	rv = 0;
	while (uio->uio_resid > 0) {
		if (data_available > 0) {
			amnt = MIN(uio->uio_resid, data_available);
			rv = uiomove(buffer, amnt, uio);
			if (rv != 0)
				break;
			data_available -= amnt;
		} else
			tsleep(...);	/* wait for a better time */
	}
	if (rv != 0) {
		/* do error cleanup here */
	}
	return (rv);
}

ERRORS¶

uiomove() and uiomove_nofault() will fail and return the following error code if:

[EFAULT]

The invoked copyin(9) or copyout(9) returned EFAULT

In addition, uiomove_nofault() will fail and return the following error code if:

[EFAULT]

A page fault occurs.

SEE ALSO¶

read(2), readv(2), write(2), writev(2), copyin(9), copyout(9), sleep(9)

HISTORY¶

The uio mechanism appeared in some early version of UNIX.

AUTHORS¶

This manual page was written by Jörg Wunsch.