Emulators

NAME¶

fuse — Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulator

SYNOPSIS¶

fuse [options]

DESCRIPTION¶

Fuse is a Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulator. It supports several models (including the 128), with quite faithful emulation of the display and sound.

The emulator can load any of the formats supported by libspectrum(3) — this includes Z80, SNA and SZX snapshots, and PZX, TAP and TZX virtual-tape files. Saving to SZX, Z80 and SNA snapshots and TZX and TAP tape files is supported. The SLT extension to the Z80 format is partly supported (enough for multi-load games); however, loading of the old DAT-file variant is not.

DSK, UDI, FDI, TD0, MGT, IMG, D40, D80, SAD, TRD, SCL and OPD disk images are supported when a disk interface is being emulated, including the integrated disk drives on +3, Pentagon or Scorpion machines as well as the +D, DISCiPLE, Opus Discovery, Beta 128 and Didaktik 80 interfaces. DCK cartridge images are supported when emulating a Timex 2068 variant. Interface 2 ROM cartridges are also supported.

Finally, there is also support for reading and writing the RZX input recording format.

See the COMPRESSED FILES section for details on reading files compressed with bzip2(3), gzip(3) or zip(3).

OPTIONS¶

--accelerate-loader

Specify whether Fuse should attempt to accelerate tape loaders by “short circuiting” the loading loop. This will in general speed up loading, but may cause some loaders to fail. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-accelerate-loader' to disable). The same as the Media Options dialog's Accelerate loaders option.

--aspect-hint

Specify whether the GTK and Xlib user interfaces should `hint' to the window manager about the preferred aspect ratio for the graphics window, thus preventing resizing to non-square sizes which lead to Fuse not displaying correctly. This option has been observed to cause problems with some window managers when using the GTK UI which can prevent the window from being resized or moved at all. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-aspect-hint' to disable). See also the `--strict-aspect-hint' option.

--autosave-settings

Specify whether Fuse's current settings should be automatically saved on exit. The same as the General Options dialog's Auto-save settings option.

--auto-load

Specify whether tape and disk files should be automatically loaded when they are opened using the File, Open... menu option. In the case of TRD/SCL disk images, inserts also a boot loader file when none is available. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-auto-load' to disable). Same as the Media Options dialog's Auto-load media option.

--beta128

Emulate a Beta 128 interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Beta 128 interface option.

--beta128-48boot

When a Beta 128 interface is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation the option additionally controls whether the machine boots directly into the TR-DOS system. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines option.

--betadisk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated Beta disk interface's drive A: and select Pentagon mode on startup.

--bw-tv

Specify whether the display should simulate a colour or black and white television. This option is effective under the GTK, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces: the others will always simulate a colour TV. The same as the General Options dialog's Black and white TV option.

--cmos-z80

This option specifies that Fuse should emulate a CMOS Z80, as opposed to an NMOS Z80. Same as the General Options dialog's Z80 is CMOS option.

--competition-code code

Specify the code to be written to competition mode RZX files. The same as the RZX Options dialog's Competition code option.

--competition-mode

Specify whether input recordings should be made in `competition mode'. The same as the RZX Options dialog's Competition mode option.

--compress-rzx

Specify whether RZX files should be written out compressed. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-compress-rzx' to disable). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Compress RZX data option.

--confirm-actions

Specify whether `dangerous' actions (those which could cause data loss, for example resetting the Spectrum) require confirmation before occurring. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-confirm-actions' to disable). This option is the same as the General Options dialog's Confirm actions option.

--covox

Emulate a Covox sound interface for Pentagon/Scorpion. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Covox option.

--debugger-command string

Specify a debugger command to be run before emulator startup. This can be used to set breakpoints or the like. Currently, this is the only method to input multi-line debugger commands. (See the MONITOR/DEBUGGER section for more information).

--detect-loader

Specify whether Fuse should attempt to detect when the tape is being accessed and start and stop the virtual tape playing automatically. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-detect-loader' to disable). Same as the Media Options dialog's Detect loaders option.

--disciple

Emulate a DISCiPLE interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's DISCiPLE interface option.

--discipledisk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated DISCiPLE's drive 1.

--didaktik80

Emulate a Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40) disk interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Didaktik 80 interface option.

--didaktik80disk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40)'s drive A.

--disk-ask-merge

Prompt the user to confirm whether Fuse should try to merge the `B' side of a disk image from a separate file when opening a new single-sided disk image.

--disk-try-merge mode

Select whether Fuse should try to merge a separate file for the `B' side of a disk image separate file when opening a new disk image. Most double sided disk images are dumped as two single sided disk images e.g. `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk' and `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk'. So, if we want to play Golden Axe, first we have to insert the first disk image and when the game asks to insert side B, we have to find and open the second disk image, instead of just `flip'-ing the disk inside the drive. If enabled, Fuse will try to open the second image too and create a double sided disk image (merging the two one sided disk images) and insert this merged virtual disk into the disk drive. The function detects whether the file is one side of a double-sided image if the filename matches a pattern like [Ss]ide[ _][abAB12][ _.] in the file name of a disk that is being opened. If found, Fuse will try to open the other side of the disk too substituting the appropriate characters in the filename e.g. 1→2, a→b, A→B. If successful then it will merge the two images and now we have a double sided disk in drive. This means that if we open `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk', then Fuse will try to open `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk' too. Now, we can just `flip' the disk if Golden Axe asks for `Side B'. The available options are Never, With single-sided drives and Always.

--divide

Emulate the DivIDE interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's DivIDE interface option.

--divide-masterfile file
--divide-slavefile file

Specify an IDE image to be loaded into the DivIDE's emulated master and slave drives respectively.

--divide-write-protect

Specify that the emulated DivIDE's write protect jumper should be considered set. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's DivIDE write protect option.

--divmmc

Emulate the DivMMC interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's DivMMC interface option.

--divmmc-file file

Specify an HDF image to be loaded into the DivMMC's emulated memory card.

--divmmc-write-protect

Specify that the emulated DivMMC's write protect jumper that protects EEPROM should be considered set. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's DivMMC write protect option.

--dock file

Insert the specified file into the emulated Timex 2068 variant dock; also select the TC2068 on startup if available.

-D mode
--doublescan-mode mode

Specify whether to use doublescan modes in the FB UI. Available values for mode are 0, 1 and 2. 0 means `never doublescan' (use 640×480 at either 72 Hz or 60 Hz), whereas 1 and 2 both mean `try to use doublescan' and will fall back on the 640×480 modes. 1 selects 72 Hz modes (the same size and shape as your typical 640×480), and 2 selects 60 Hz modes (overscan).

If your monitor displays a blank screen when using 1 or 2, press F10 then try a different option or say `--fbmode 640'.

--drive-plus3a-type type
--drive-plus3b-type type
--drive-beta128a-type type
--drive-beta128b-type type
--drive-beta128c-type type
--drive-beta128d-type type
--drive-plusd1-type type
--drive-plusd2-type type
--drive-didaktik80a-type type
--drive-didaktik80b-type type
--drive-disciple1-type type
--drive-disciple2-type type
--drive-opus1-type type
--drive-opus2-type type

Specify a disk drive type to emulate with the associated interface. The available options are Disabled, Single-sided 40 track, Double-sided 40 track, Single-sided 80 track and Double-sided 80 track. See the Disk Options dialog for more information. The Disabled option is not supported for Drive 1 or Drive A of any interface.

--drive-40-max-track count
--drive-80-max-track count

Specify the maximum number of tracks for 40 and 80 track physical drives respectively.

--embed-snapshot

Specify whether a snapshot should be embedded in an RZX file when recording is started from an existing snapshot. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-embed-snapshot' to disable). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Always embed snapshot option.

--fastload

Specify whether Fuse should run at the fastest possible speed when the virtual tape is playing. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-fastload' to disable). The same as the Media Options dialog's Fastloading option.

-v mode
--fbmode mode

Specify which mode to use for the FB UI. Available values for mode are `320' (which corresponds to a 320×240×256 mode), the default and `640' (a 640×480×256 mode).

--fuller

Emulate a Fuller Box interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Fuller Box option.

--full-screen

Specify whether Fuse should run in full screen mode. This option is effective only under the SDL UI.

-g filter
--graphics-filter mode

Specify which graphics filter to use if available. The default is normal, which uses no filtering. The available options are 2x, 2xsai, 3x, 4x, advmame2x, advmame3x, dotmatrix, half, halfskip, hq2x, hq3x, hq4x, normal, super2xsai, supereagle, timex15x, timex2x, timextv, tv2x, tv3x, tv4x, paltv, paltv2x, paltv3x, and paltv4x. See the GRAPHICS FILTERS section for more details.

--graphicsfile file

Set the filename used for graphical output from the emulated ZX Printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.

-h
--help

Give brief usage help, listing available options.

--if2cart file

Insert the specified file into the emulated Interface 2.

--interface1

Emulate a Sinclair Interface 1. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Interface 1 option.

--interface2

Emulate a Sinclair Interface 2. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-interface2' to disable). Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Interface 2 option.

--issue2

Emulate an issue 2 keyboard. Same as the General Options dialog's Issue 2 keyboard option.

-j device
--joystick-1 device

Read from device to emulate the first joystick. Fuse will use either `/dev/input/js0' or `/dev/js0' by default.

--joystick-2 device

As for --joystick-1 but for the second joystick; the default here is either `/dev/input/js1' or `/dev/js1'.

--joystick-1-output type
--joystick-2-output type
--joystick-keyboard-output type

Select which joystick interface to attach for the first two real joysticks and the keyboard joystick. The default is 0, which is no output. The available options are 1 (cursor), 2 (kempston), 3 (Sinclair 1), 4 (Sinclair 2), 5 (Timex 1), 6 (Timex 2), and 7 (Fuller). Same as the Joysticks Options dialog's Joystick type option.

--joystick-1-fire-1 code
--joystick-1-fire-2 code
--joystick-1-fire-3 code
--joystick-1-fire-4 code
--joystick-1-fire-5 code
--joystick-1-fire-6 code
--joystick-1-fire-7 code
--joystick-1-fire-8 code
--joystick-1-fire-9 code
--joystick-1-fire-10 code
--joystick-1-fire-11 code
--joystick-1-fire-12 code
--joystick-1-fire-13 code
--joystick-1-fire-14 code
--joystick-1-fire-15 code
--joystick-2-fire-1 code
--joystick-2-fire-2 code
--joystick-2-fire-3 code
--joystick-2-fire-4 code
--joystick-2-fire-5 code
--joystick-2-fire-6 code
--joystick-2-fire-7 code
--joystick-2-fire-8 code
--joystick-2-fire-9 code
--joystick-2-fire-10 code
--joystick-2-fire-11 code
--joystick-2-fire-12 code
--joystick-2-fire-13 code
--joystick-2-fire-14 code
--joystick-2-fire-15 code

Select which Fuse key code should be triggered by the applicable real joystick button press. The codes are the Fuse keyboard codes corresponding to the keys. The default value is 4096 which corresponds to the virtual joystick fire button. Same as the Joysticks Options dialog's Joystick fire options.

--joystick-keyboard-up code
--joystick-keyboard-down code
--joystick-keyboard-left code
--joystick-keyboard-right code
--joystick-keyboard-fire code

Select which Fuse key code should correspond with each direction and fire for the keyboard virtual joystick. The same as the Keyboard Joysticks Options dialog's Button for UP, Button for DOWN, Button for LEFT, Button for RIGHT and Button for FIRE options respectively.

--joystick-prompt

If this option is specified, then Fuse will prompt you which form of joystick emulation you wish to use when loading a snapshot. No prompt will be issued if the configuration in the snapshot matches what you are currently using. The same as the General Options dialog's Snap joystick prompt option.

--kempston

Emulate a Kempston joystick. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Kempston joystick option.

--kempston-mouse

Emulate a Kempston mouse. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Kempston mouse option.

--keyboard-arrows-shifted

Treat the keyboard arrow keys as shifted like the ZX Spectrum+ keyboard's arrow keys or as unshifted like a cursor joystick that maps to the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-keyboard-arrows-shifted' to disable). Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Use shift with arrow keys option.

--late-timings

It has been observed that some real Spectrums run such that the screen is rendered one tstate later than on other real hardware. This option specifies that Fuse should emulate such a machine. Same as the General Options dialog's Late timings option.

--loading-sound

Specify whether the sound made while tapes are loading should be emulated. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-loading-sound' to disable). Same as the Sound Options dialog's Loading sound option.

-m type
--machine type

Specify machine type to emulate initially. The default is 48, a 48K Spectrum. The available options are 16, 48, 48_ntsc, 128, plus2, plus2a, plus3, 2048, 2068, ts2068, pentagon, pentagon512, pentagon1024, scorpion and se.

--melodik

Emulate a Melodik AY interface for 16/48k Spectrums. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Melodik option.

--mdr-len length

This option controls the number of blocks in a new Microdrive cartridge. Same as the Media Options dialog's MDR cartridge len option.

--mdr-random-len

If this option is set, Fuse will use a random Microdrive cartridge length. Same as the Media Options dialog's Random length MDR cartridge option.

--microdrive-file file
--microdrive-2-file file
--microdrive-3-file file
--microdrive-4-file file
--microdrive-5-file file
--microdrive-6-file file
--microdrive-7-file file
--microdrive-8-file file

Specify Interface 1 Microdrive cartridge files to open.

--mouse-swap-buttons

Swap the left and right mouse buttons when emulating the Kempston mouse. The same as the General Peripherals dialog's Swap mouse buttons option.

--movie-compr level

This option sets the compression level used when creating movies. Same as the Movie Options dialog's Movie compression option. The available options are None, Lossless, and High (lossy). The default option is Lossless. See also the MOVIE RECORDING section.

--movie-start file

With this command line option, Fuse will start movie recording as soon as the emulator is started. See also the MOVIE RECORDING section.

--movie-stop-after-rzx

With this command line option, Fuse will stop movie recording when RZX playback or RZX recording ends. Same as the Movie Options dialog's Stop recording after RZX ends option. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-movie-stop-after-rzx' to disable). See also the MOVIE RECORDING section.

--multiface1

Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface One interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface One option.

--multiface128

Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface 128 interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 128 option.

--multiface3

Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface 3 interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 3 option.

--multiface1-stealth

Set Multiface One stealth/invisible mode. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Stealth Multiface One option.

--opus

Emulate an Opus Discovery interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Opus Discovery interface option.

--opusdisk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated Opus Discovery's drive 1.

--pal-tv2x

Specify whether the PAL TV 2x, PAL TV 3x and PAL TV 4x scalers should also produce scanlines along the lines of the TV 2x and Timex TV scalers. The same as the General Options dialog's PAL-TV use TV2x effect option.

--phantom-typist-mode mode

Specify the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist" should use when starting a program loading. The available options are Auto, Keyword, Keystroke, Menu, Plus 2A and Plus 3. The same as the Media Options dialog's Phantom typist mode option.

-p file
--playback file

Specify an RZX file to begin playback from.

--plus3disk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated +3's A: drive; also select the +3 on startup if available.

--plus3-detect-speedlock

Specify whether the +3 drives try to detect Speedlock protected disks, and emulate `weak' sectors. If the disk image file (EDSK or UDI) contains weak sector data, than Speedlock detection is automatically omitted. See also the WEAK DISK DATA section. Same as the Disk Options dialog's +3 Detect Speedlock option.

--plusd

Emulate a +D interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's +D interface option.

--plusddisk file

Insert the specified file into the emulated +D's drive 1.

--printer

Specify whether the emulation should include a printer. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Emulate printers option.

--rate frame

Specify the frame rate, the ratio of spectrum frame updates to real frame updates. Same as the General Options dialog's Frame rate option.

-r file
--record file

Specify an RZX file to begin recording to.

--recreated-spectrum

Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum in `Layer A' (game) mode. This is a Bluetooth keyboard that can be paired to the device where Fuse is running. The same as the General Options dialog's Recreated ZX Spectrum option.

--rom-16 file
--rom-48 file
--rom-128-0 file
--rom-128-1 file
--rom-plus2-0 file
--rom-plus2-1 file
--rom-plus2a-0 file
--rom-plus2a-1 file
--rom-plus2a-2 file
--rom-plus2a-3 file
--rom-plus3-0 file
--rom-plus3-1 file
--rom-plus3-2 file
--rom-plus3-3 file
--rom-plus3e-0 file
--rom-plus3e-1 file
--rom-plus3e-2 file
--rom-plus3e-3 file
--rom-tc2048 file
--rom-tc2068-0 file
--rom-tc2068-1 file
--rom-ts2068-0 file
--rom-ts2068-1 file
--rom-pentagon-0 file
--rom-pentagon-1 file
--rom-pentagon-2 file
--rom-pentagon512-0 file
--rom-pentagon512-1 file
--rom-pentagon512-2 file
--rom-pentagon512-3 file
--rom-pentagon1024-0 file
--rom-pentagon1024-1 file
--rom-pentagon1024-2 file
--rom-pentagon1024-3 file
--rom-scorpion-0 file
--rom-scorpion-1 file
--rom-scorpion-2 file
--rom-scorpion-3 file
--rom-spec-se-0 file
--rom-spec-se-1 file

Specify the file to be used for ROM(s) used for each machine. The options respectively refer to the 16K Spectrum (48.rom), 48K Spectrum (48.rom), the two ROMs for the 128K Spectrum (128-0.rom and 128-1.rom), the two ROMs for the +2 (plus2-0.rom and plus2-1.rom), the four ROMs for the +2A (plus3-0.rom, plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the four ROMs for the +3 (plus3-0.rom, plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the four enhanced ROMs for the +3e (plus3e-0.rom, plus3e-1.rom, plus3e-2.rom and plus3e-3.rom), the TC2048 ROM (tc2048.rom), the two ROMs for the TC2068 (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two ROMs for the TS2068 (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two main ROMs and the TR-DOS ROM for the Pentagon 128K (128p-0.rom, 128p-1.rom and trdos.rom), the two main ROMs, the TR-DOS ROM and a reset service ROM for the Pentagon 512K and 1024K (128p-0.rom, 128p-1.rom, trdos.rom and gluck.rom), the four ROMs for the Scorpion 256 (256s-0.rom, 256s-1.rom, 256s-2.rom and 256s-3.rom), and the two ROMs for the Spectrum SE (se-0.rom and se-1.rom).

The names in brackets denote the defaults. Note that not all these ROMs are supplied with Fuse — you must supply your own copies of those which are not.

--rom-interface-1 file
--rom-beta128 file
--rom-plusd file
--rom-didaktik80 file
--rom-disciple file
--rom-multiface1 file
--rom-multiface128 file
--rom-multiface3 file
--rom-opus file
--rom-speccyboot file
--rom-ttx2000s file
--rom-usource file

Specify the file to be used for ROM(s) used for each peripheral. The options respectively refer to the Interface 1 ROM (if1-2.rom), the TR-DOS ROM for Beta 128 emulation with the 48K, TC2048, 128K or +2 (trdos.rom), the +D ROM (plusd.rom), the Didaktik 80 ROM (didaktik80.rom), the DISCiPLE ROM (disciple.rom), the Multiface One ROM (mf1.rom), the Multiface 128 ROM (mf128.rom), the Multiface 3 ROM (mf3.rom), the Opus Discovery ROM (opus.rom), the SpeccyBoot ROM (speccyboot-1.4.rom), the TTX2000S ROM (ttx2000s.rom), and the µSource ROM (usource.rom).

The names in brackets denote the defaults. Note that not all these ROMs are supplied with Fuse — you must supply your own copies of those which are not.

--no-rs232-handshake

This option makes Fuse's Interface 1 emulation assume that the RS-232 line other end is live when you connect the communication channels. See also the `--rs232-rx' and `--rs232-tx' options.

--rs232-rx
--rs232-tx

Specify the communication channels (FIFO or file) to be used for Interface 1 RS-232 emulation as RxD and TxD wire. See also the `--rs232-handshake' options.

--rzx-autosaves

Specify that, while recording an RZX file, Fuse should automatically add a snapshot to the recording stream every 5 seconds. (Default to on, but you can use `--no-rzx-autosaves' to disable). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Create autosaves option; see there for more details.

--sdl-fullscreen-mode mode

Select a screen resolution for full screen mode. Available values for mode are listed in a table, when Fuse is called with --sdl-fullscreen-mode list command line option. This option is effective only under the SDL UI.

--separation type

Give stereo separation of the 128's AY sound channels. Same as the General Options dialog's AY stereo separation option. The available options are None, ACB, and ABC. The default option is None.

--simpleide

Specify whether Fuse will emulate the simple 8-bit IDE interface as used by the Spectrum +3e. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's Simple 8-bit IDE option.

--simpleide-masterfile file

Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple 8-bit IDE interface's master channel.

--simpleide-slavefile file

Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple 8-bit IDE interface's slave channel.

--slt

Support the SLT trap instruction. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-slt' to disable). Same as the Media Options dialog's Use .slt traps option.

-s file
--snapshot file

Specify a snapshot file to load. The file can be in any snapshot format supported by libspectrum(3).

--sound

Specify whether Fuse should produce sound. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-sound' to disable). Same as the Sound Options dialog's Sound enabled option.

-d device
--sound-device device

Specify the sound output device to use and any options to give that device. If you are not using the SDL UI or using libao or libasound (ALSA) for sound output, then the device parameter just specifies the device to be used for sound output.

If you are using the SDL UI, the device parameter allows you to specify the audio driver to be used (e.g. dsp, alsa, dma, esd and arts).

If you are using libao for sound output, the device parameter allows you to specify the device used for sound output (either `live' to a speaker or to a file) and the parameters to be used for that device. In general, the device parameter has the form driver[:param[=value][,param[=value][,...]]. driver selects the libao driver to be used, either one of the `live' drivers (aixs, alsa, alsa09, arts, esd, irix, macosx, nas, oss or sun) or a file driver (au, raw, wav or null). The available parameter and value pairs for each device are:

•: aixs: AIX audio system

•: dev=device
`device' gives the AIX sound device.

•: alsa: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.5.x

•: card=num
`num' gives the ALSA card number.
•: dev=num
`num' gives the ALSA device number.
•: buf_size=num
`num' gives the ALSA buffer size in bytes.

•: alsa09: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.9+

•: dev=string
`string' specifies the ALSA device e.g. hw:1.2
•: buffer_time=num
`num' gives the ALSA buffer time in microseconds.
•: period_time=num
`num' gives the ALSA period time in microseconds.
•: use_mmap=yes|y|true|t|1
specifies that libao use memory mapped transfer.

•: arts: aRts soundserver: no parameters.
•: esd: Enlightened Sound Daemon.

•: host=string
`string' gives the ESD host specification.

•: irix: IRIX Audio Library: no parameters.
•: macosx: MacOS X CoreAudio: no parameters.
•: nas: Network Audio System.

•: host=string
`string' gives the NAS host specification.
•: buf_size=num
`num' gives the buffer size on the server.

•: oss: Open Sound System.

•: dsp=string
`string' gives the OSS device to be used e.g. /dev/sound/dsp1

•: sun: SUN audio system.

•: dev=string
`string' gives the audio device to be used.

•: au: SUN Sparc audio file: no parameters.
•: raw: raw file.

•: byteorder=string
`string' can be any of native (host native byteorder), big (big endian) or little (little endian).

•: wav: Microsoft audio file: no parameters.
•: null: null output: no parameters.
•: debug: for debugging libao.

Finally, each of the file output types (au, raw and wav) have an extra option `file=filename' where `filename' gives the file output will be directed to. This defaults to `fuse-sound.ao' if it is not specified.

Some examples of use:

fuse -d alsa09:dev=hw:1

causes Fuse to use ALSA 0.9+ output with the second (#1) sound card.

fuse -d raw:byteorder=little,file=enigma.raw

causes Fuse to save little endian words to `enigma.raw'.

See the `DEVICE' section of ogg123(1) for up to date information of devices and options (except for the `file' option which is provided by Fuse itself).

If you are using libasound or ALSA for sound output, the device parameter allows you to specify the device used for sound output and some parameters to be used for that device. In general, the device parameter has the form
devstr or
param[=value][,param[=value][,...][,devstr].

•: devstr: selects the ALSA device used, it can be any complex or simple ALSA device name. e.g.: default or hw:0 or tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/out.raw',raw. See the alsa-lib pcm api reference at http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html for further explanation.
•: param and values:

•: buffer=nnnn: set the ALSA buffer in frames, smaller value cause smaller sound delay but may more buffer underrun (pops and clicks), larger value cause longer delay but fewer underrun. By default Fuse determine the buffer size based on the actual sound frequency.

If you use some special plugin for your pcm device (e.g.: dmix) or your card not support some needed parameter (e.g. cannot play other only 48 kHz stereo sound like some AC97 sound card) may cause Fuse unable to set the needed buffer size, appropriate sound frequency, channels and so on, therefore you cannot get optimal result or not hear the sound at all. In this case try the plughw:#, (where # mean your card number counted from 0) for ALSA device.

•: verbose : if given, fuse report ALSA buffer underruns to stderr.

Some examples of use:

fuse -d verbose,buffer=2000

causes Fuse to use the default ALSA device with 2000 frame length buffer and report ALSA buffer underruns on stderr.

fuse -d tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/aufwm.raw',raw

causes Fuse to use the first card and parallel save the raw audio samples into /tmp/aufwm.raw file.

If you are using PulseAudio for sound output, the device parameter allows you to specify some parameters to be used for that soud buffer. In general, the device parameter has the form
param[=value][,param[=value][,...].

•: param and values:

•: tlength=[num]ms: set target length of the PulseAudio sound buffer in milliseconds. Smaller value cause smaller sound delay but more buffer underruns (pops and clicks), larger value cause longer delay but fewer underruns. By default Fuse set the buffer size to 30ms of sound delay.
•: tlength=num: set target length of the PulseAudio sound buffer in bytes. By default Fuse set the buffer size to 30ms of sound delay.
•: verbose : if given, Fuse report PulseAudio buffer underruns to stderr and PulseAudio buffer options to stdout.

Some examples of use:

fuse -d tlength=40ms

causes Fuse to target 40ms of sound delay instead of the default 30ms.

fuse -d verbose,tlength=2646

causes Fuse to request a sound buffer of 2646 bytes and print info to stdout.

--sound-force-8bit

Force the use of 8-bit sound, even if 16-bit is possible. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Force 8-bit option.

-f frequency
--sound-freq frequency

Specify what frequency Fuse should use for the sound device, the default is 44.1 kHz, but some devices only support a single frequency or a limited range (e.g. 48 kHz or up to 22 kHz).

--speaker-type type

Select the output speaker emulation, type can be TV speaker, Beeper or Unfiltered. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Speaker type option.

--speccyboot

Emulate a SpeccyBoot Ethernet interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's SpeccyBoot option. See the SpeccyBoot web page at http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/ for full details on the SpeccyBoot.

--speccyboot-tap device

Specify the TAP device to use for SpeccyBoot emulation.

--specdrum

Emulate a SpecDrum interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's SpecDrum option. See the World of Spectrum Infoseek web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals, software and more.

--spectranet

Specify whether Fuse will emulate the Spectranet Ethernet interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Spectranet option. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more details.

--spectranet-disable

This option controls the state of the Spectranet automatic page-in jumper (J2). Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's Spectranet disable option. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more details.

--speed percentage

Specify the speed (as a percentage of real Spectrum speed) at which emulation should attempt to proceed. Same as the General Options dialog's Emulation speed option.

--statusbar

For the GTK and Win32 UI, enables the statusbar beneath the display. For the Xlib and SDL UI, enables the status icons showing whether the disk and tape are being accessed. Same as the General Options dialog's Show statusbar option.

--strict-aspect-hint

For the GTK UI, use stricter limits for the aspect ratio limits set by the `--aspect-hint' option. This can cause some window managers (for example, metacity(1)) to not allow the window to be resized and moved, but is necessary to prevent others (for example, fvwm(1)) from being able resize the window away from square.

--svga-modes mode1,mode2,mode3

Specify which SVGA mode to use for the SVGAlib UI at different screen sizes. Available values for mode1, mode2 and mode3 are listed in a table, when Fuse called with --svga-modes list command line option. When user select a not available mode for a size, Fuse just ignore and try to find the best mode for it. e.g. with --svga-modes 0,0,12 Fuse use the specified 1024×768×256 SVGA mode for triple size filters, but select SVGA modes automatically for normal or double size filters. The above mode number is just an example, and mode numbers and their meanings may vary graphics card by graphics card.

-t file
--tape file

Specify a virtual tape file to use. It must be in PZX, TAP or TZX format.

--teletext-addr-1 address
--teletext-addr-2 address
--teletext-addr-3 address
--teletext-addr-4 address

Specify address or hostname of teletext packet servers.

--teletext-port-1 port
--teletext-port-2 port
--teletext-port-3 port
--teletext-port-4 port

Specify TCP port of teletext packet servers.

--textfile file

Set the filename used for text output from the emulated printers. See the PRINTER EMULATION section below for more details.

--traps

Support traps for ROM tape loading/saving. (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-traps' to disable). Same as the Media Options dialog's Use tape traps option.

--ttx2000s

Emulate a TTX2000S teletext adaptor. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's TTX2000S option. See the TTX2000S EMULATION section for more details.

--unittests

This option runs a testing framework that automatically checks portions of code, comparing actual results with expected ones. It is meant to detect broken code before a release. There is not graphical mode, the program just ends with exit code 0 if all tests are good or prints error messages to stdout and ends with exit code greater than 0 if there are failed tests.

--usource

Emulate a µSource interface. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's µSource option.

-V
--version

Show which version of Fuse is being used.

--volume-ay volume

Sets the relative volume of the AY-3-8912 chip from a range of 0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's AY volume option.

--volume-beeper volume

Sets the relative volume of the beeper from a range of 0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Beeper volume option.

--volume-covox volume

Sets the relative volume of the Covox from a range of 0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Covox volume option.

--volume-specdrum volume

Sets the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of 0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's SpecDrum volume option.

--writable-roms

Allow Spectrum programs to overwrite the ROM(s). The same as the General Options dialog's Allow writes to ROM option.

--zxatasp

Specify whether Fuse emulate the ZXATASP interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP interface option.

--zxatasp-upload

Specify the state of the ZXATASP upload jumper. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP upload option.

--zxatasp-write-protect

Specify the state of the ZXATASP write protect jumper. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP write protect option.

--zxatasp-masterfile file

Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXATASP interface's master channel.

--zxatasp-slavefile file

Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXATASP interface's slave channel.

--zxcf

Specify whether Fuse emulate the ZXCF interface. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF interface option.

--zxcf-upload

Specify the state of the ZXCF upload jumper. Same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF upload option.

--zxcf-cffile file

Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXCF interface.

--zxmmc

Emulate the ZXMMC interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXMMC interface option.

--zxmmc-file file

Specify an HDF image to be loaded into the ZXMMC's emulated memory card.

--zxprinter

Emulate the ZX Printer. Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's ZX Printer option.

All long options which control on/off settings can be disabled using `--no-foo' (for an option `--foo'). For example, the opposite of `--issue2' is `--no-issue2'. These options can also be modified while the emulator is running, using the options dialogs — see the documentation for the Options menu in the MENUS AND KEYS section for details.

THE VARIOUS FRONT-ENDS¶

Fuse supports various front-ends, or UIs (user interfaces). The usual one is GTK-based, but there are also SDL, Win32, Xlib, SVGAlib and framebuffer ones.

The important difference to note is that GTK and Win32 versions uses `native' dialog boxes etc. (behaving like a fairly normal GUI-based program) while the others use an alternative, Fuse-specific `widget UI'. This latter front-end is easily spotted by the way it uses the main Fuse window/screen for menus and dialogs, and uses the Spectrum's own font.

MENUS AND KEYS¶

Since many of the keys available are devoted to emulation of the Spectrum's keyboard, the primary way of controlling Fuse itself (rather than the emulated machine) is via the menus. There are also function key shortcuts for some menu options.

In the GTK and Win32 version, the menu bar is always visible at the top of the Fuse window. You can click on a menu name to pop it up. Alternatively, you can press F1 to display a pop-up version of the menu bar, which you can then navigate with the cursor keys or mouse.

In the widget UI pressing F1 is the only way to get the main menu; and unlike the GTK version, the emulator pauses while the menus are being navigated. The menus show which key to press for each menu option in brackets. Pressing Esc exits a menu, and pressing Enter exits the menu system entirely (as well as `confirming' any current dialog).

Here's what the menu options do, along with the function key mappings for those items which have them:

F3
File, Open...

Open a Spectrum file. Snapshots will be loaded into memory; tape images will be inserted into the emulated tape deck, and if the Auto-load media option is set will being loading. Opening a disk image or a Timex dock image will cause the appropriate machine type (+3, Pentagon or TC2068) to be selected with the image inserted, and disks will automatically load if the Auto-load media option is set. See the FILE SELECTION section below for details on how to choose the file. Note that this behaviour is different from previous versions of Fuse, when this option would open only snapshots.

F2
File, Save Snapshot...

Save a snapshot (machine state, memory contents, etc.) to file. You can select the filename to be saved to. If it has a .szx, .z80 or .sna extension, the snapshot will be saved in that format. Otherwise, it will be saved as a .szx file.

File, Recording, Record...

Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from the current emulation state. You will be prompted for a filename to use.

File, Recording, Record from snapshot...

Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from a snapshot. You will first be asked for the snapshot to use and then the file to save the recording to.

File, Recording, Continue recording...

Continue recording input into an existing RZX file from the last recorded state. Finalised recordings cannot be resumed. You will be prompted for the recording to continue.

Insert
File, Recording, Insert snapshot

Inserts a snapshot of the current state into the RZX file. This can be used at a later point to roll back to the inserted state by using one of the commands below.

Delete
File, Recording, Rollback

Rolls back the recording to the point at which the previous snapshot was inserted. Recording will continue from that point.

File, Recording, Rollback to...

Roll back the recording to any snapshot which has been inserted into the recording.

File, Recording, Play...

Playback recorded input from an RZX file. This lets you replay keypresses recorded previously. RZX files generally contain a snapshot with the Spectrum's state at the start of the recording; if the selected RZX file doesn't, you'll be prompted for a snapshot to load as well.

File, Recording, Stop

Stop any currently-recording/playing RZX file.

File, Recording, Finalise...

Compact an RZX file. Any interspersed snapshot will be removed and the recording cannot be continued. All action replays submitted to the RZX Archive should be finalised.

File, AY Logging, Record...

Start recording the bytes output via the AY-3-8912 sound chip to a PSG file. You will be prompted for a filename to save the recording to.

File, AY Logging, Stop

Stop any current AY logging.

File, Screenshot, Open SCR Screenshot...

Load an SCR screenshot (essentially just a binary dump of the Spectrum's video memory) onto the current screen. Fuse supports screenshots saved in the Timex hi-colour and hi-res modes as well as `normal' Spectrum screens, and will make a simple conversion if a hi-colour or hi-res screenshot is loaded onto a non-Timex machine.

File, Screenshot, Save Screen as SCR...

Save a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's screen as an SCR file. You will be prompted for a filename to save the screenshot to.

File, Screenshot, Open MLT Screenshot...

Load an MLT screenshot onto the current screen. The MLT format is similar to the SCR format but additionally supports capturing images that use techniques to display more than two colours in each Spectrum attribute square. Fuse will only load the bitmap version of an image on a Sinclair machine but on a Timex clone it can show the full colour detail captured in the image by using the hi-colour mode.

File, Screenshot, Save Screen as MLT...

Save a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's screen as an MLT file. You will be prompted for a filename to save the screenshot to.

File, Screenshot, Save Screen as PNG...

Save the current screen as a PNG file. You will be prompted for a filename to save the screenshot to.

File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in line mode...

Start trapping the video output functions present in ROM to copy the picture to SVG files, thus creating vectorized scalable picture; it is expected to be fully operational in BASIC only, but few machine code programs could work, if they use the ROM addresses to output text or graphics. The initial picture size is 256×176, but it is increased everytime a `scroll' happens. On every CLS a new file will be created, with an increasing sequence number. CIRCLEs will be described as a sequence of lines, so the original `imprecisions' will be still visible. The text output will be fully understood and decoded: normal ASCII characters will be converted into COURIER scalable fonts, UDG graphics into dot matrix areas, GRAPHICS blocky characters into small squares. A slightly transparent output permits to show a bit of the overlapped text and graphics elements. Lower portion of the screen (normally bound to stream #0 and #1) won't be captured.

File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in dot mode...

As above, but line capture is disabled. A line will be rendered as a sequence of dots.

File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Stop capture

Stop the SVG capture function.

File, Movie, Record...

Fuse can record movie (video and audio) into a file with special format which can be converted later to a common video file format with the fmfconv(1) utility. You will be prompted for a filename to save video. Please see MOVIE RECORDING section.

File, Movie, Record from RZX...

Start movie recording and RZX playback at the same time. You will be prompted for a filename to play from and a filename to save video.

File, Movie, Pause

Pause movie recording which is currently in progress.

File, Movie, Continue

Resume movie recording which has been previously paused.

File, Movie, Stop

Stop movie recording which is currently in progress.

File, Load Binary Data...

Load binary data from a file into the Spectrum's memory. After selecting the file to load data from, you can choose where to load the data and how much data to load.

File, Save Binary Data...

Save an arbitrary chunk of the Spectrum's memory to a file. Select the file you wish to save to, followed by the location and length of data you wish to save.

F10
File, Exit

Exit the emulator. A confirmation dialog will appear checking you actually want to do this.

F4
Options, General...

Display the General Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.

The options available are:

Emulation speed

Set how fast Fuse will attempt to emulate the Spectrum, as a percentage of the speed at which the real machine runs. If your machine isn't fast enough to keep up with the requested speed, Fuse will just run as fast as it can. Note that if the emulation speed is faster than 500%, no sound output will be produced.

Frame rate

Specify the frame rate, the ratio of spectrum frame updates to real frame updates. This is useful if your machine is having trouble keeping up with the spectrum screen updates.

Issue 2 keyboard

Early versions of the Spectrum used a different value for unused bits on the keyboard input ports, and a few games depended on the old value of these bits. Enabling this option switches to the old value, to let you run them.

Recreated ZX Spectrum

Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum in `Layer A' (game) mode. This is a Bluetooth keyboard that can be paired to the device where Fuse is running.

Use shift with arrow keys

Treat the keyboard arrow keys as shifted like the ZX Spectrum+ keyboard's arrow keys or as unshifted like a cursor joystick that maps to the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys.

Allow writes to ROM

If this option is selected, Fuse will happily allow programs to overwrite what would normally be ROM. This probably isn't very useful in most circumstances, especially as the 48K ROM overwrites parts of itself.

Late timings

If selected, Fuse will cause all screen-related timings (for example, when the screen is rendered and when memory contention occurs) to be one tstate later than “normal”, an effect which is present on some real hardware.

Z80 is CMOS

If selected, Fuse will emulate a CMOS Z80, as opposed to an NMOS Z80. The undocumented `OUT (C),0' instruction will be replaced with `OUT (C),255' and emulation of a minor timing bug in the NMOS Z80's `LD A,I' and `LD A,R' instructions will be disabled.

RS-232 handshake

If you turn this option off, Fuse assumes the RS-232 line other end is live when you connect the communication channels. See also the `--rs232-rx' and `--rs232-tx' options.

Black and white TV

This option allows you to choose whether to simulate a colour or black and white television. This is effective only under the GTK, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces: the others will always simulate a colour TV.

PAL-TV use TV2x effect

This option allows you to choose whether the PAL TV 2x and higher scalers also reproduce scanlines in the same way as the TV 2x, TV 3x and Timex TV scalers.

Show statusbar

For the GTK and Win32 UI, enables the statusbar beneath the display. For the SDL UI, enables the status icons showing whether the disk and tape are being accessed. This option has no effect for the other user interfaces.

Snap joystick prompt

If set, Fuse will prompt you which physical joystick or keyboard you want to connect to the joystick interface enabled in the snapshot unless it already matches your current configuration.

Confirm actions

Specify whether `dangerous' actions (those which could cause data loss, for example resetting the Spectrum) require confirmation before occurring.

Auto-save settings

If this option is selected, Fuse will automatically write its currently selected options to its configuration file on exit (either in xml format if libxml2 was available when Fuse was compiled or plain text). If this option is off, you'll have to manually use Options, Save afterwards to ensure that this setting gets written to Fuse's configuration file. Note that if you turn this option on, loading a snapshot could enable peripherals that would be written permanently to the configuration file.

Options, Media...

Display the Media Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse's tape and Microdrive options. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.

Auto-load media

On many occasions when you open a tape or disk file, it's because it's got a program in you want to load and run. If this option is selected, this will automatically happen for you when you open one of these files using the File, Open... menu option — you must then use the Media menu to use tapes or disks for saving data to, or for loading data into an already running program.

Detect loaders

If this option is enabled, Fuse will attempt to detect when a loading routine is in progress, and then automatically start the virtual tape to load the program in. This is done by using a heuristic to identify a loading routine, so is by no means infallible, but works in most cases.

Phantom typist mode

Specify the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist" should use when starting a program loading. Available options are

Auto

Keyword

Keystroke

Menu

Plus 2A

Plus 3

The first four of these correspond to automatic detection based on machine model, keyword based entry, keystroke based entry, and selection from a 128K style menu. Plus 2A and Plus 3 also correspond to selection from a 128K style menu, but have special handling for games which need to be loaded with `LOAD ""CODE'. The most likely use for this option will be use Keystroke if you have changed the default 48K ROM for one with keystroke entry.

Fastloading

If this option is enabled, then Fuse will run at the fastest possible speed when the virtual tape is playing, thus dramatically reducing the time it takes to load programs. You may wish to disable this option if you wish to stop the tape at a specific point.

Use tape traps

Ordinarily, Fuse intercepts calls to the ROM tape-loading routine in order to load from tape files more quickly when possible. But this can (rarely) interfere with TZX loading; disabling this option avoids the problem at the cost of slower (i.e. always real-time) tape-loading. When tape-loading traps are disabled, you need to start tape playback manually, by pressing F8 or choosing the Media, Tape, Play menu item. Fuse also uses tape traps to intercept the tape-saving routine in the ROM to save tape files quickly, tapes can also be saved using the Media, Tape, Record Start menu item.

Accelerate loaders

If this option is enabled, then Fuse will attempt to accelerate tape loaders by “short circuiting” the loading loop. This will in general speed up loading, but may cause some loaders to fail.

Use .slt traps

The multi-load aspect of SLT files requires a trap instruction to be supported. This instruction is not generally used except for this trap, but since it's not inconceivable that a program could be wanting to use the real instruction instead, you can choose whether to support the trap or not.

MDR cartridge len

This option controls the number of blocks in a new Microdrive cartridge. If the value smaller than 10 or greater than 254 Fuse assumes 10 or 254. Average real capacity is around 180 blocks (90 Kb).

Random length MDR cartridge

If this option is enabled, Fuse will use a random Microdrive cartridge length (around 180 blocks) instead of the length specified in the MDR cartridge len option.

Options, Sound...

Display the Sound Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse's sound output. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.

Sound enabled

Specify whether sound output should be enabled at all. When this option is disabled, Fuse will not make any sound.

Loading sound

Normally, Fuse emulates tape-loading noise when loading from PZXs, TAPs or TZXs in real-time, albeit at a deliberately lower volume than on a real Spectrum. You can disable this option to eliminate the loading noise entirely.

AY stereo separation

By default, the sound output is mono, since this is all you got from an unmodified Spectrum. But enabling this option gives you so-called ACB stereo (for sound from the 128 and other clone's AY-3-8912 sound chip).

Force 8-bit

Force the use of 8-bit sound even if 16-bit (the default) is available. Note that (when the option is enabled) if 8-bit sound isn't available then there will be no sound at all, so it's best not to use this option unless you have a specific need for it.

Speaker type

This option allows the emulation of the sound output system to be modified. Different choices of speaker limit the bass and treble response that can be produced from the machine. Choose between a “TV” type speaker and a small “Beeper” type speaker that significantly limits bass and treble response. Choose “Unfiltered” to get unmodified (but less accurate) sound output.

AY volume

Sets the relative volume of the AY-3-8912 chip from a range of 0–100%.

Beeper volume

Sets the relative volume of the beeper from a range of 0–100%.

Covox volume

Sets the relative volume of the Covox from a range of 0–100%.

SpecDrum volume

Sets the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of 0–100%.

Options, Peripherals, General...

Display the General Peripherals Options dialog, letting you configure the peripherals which Fuse will consider to be attached to the emulated machine. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse. Also note that any changes that enable and disable peripherals may result in a hard reset of the emulated machine.

Kempston joystick

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston joystick interface (probably the most widely supported type on the Spectrum). Note that this option is basically equivalent to plugging the interface itself into a Spectrum, not to connecting a joystick; this affects how the Spectrum responds to a read of input port 31. To use a Kempston joystick in a game, this option must be enabled, and you must also select a Kempston joystick the Options, Joysticks menu.

Kempston mouse

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston mouse interface.

If you're using Fuse full-screen, your mouse is automatically used as if attached to the Kempston interface. Otherwise, you'll need to click on the Spectrum display in order to tell Fuse to grab the pointer (and make it invisible); to tell Fuse to release it, click the middle button (or wheel) or press Escape.

With the framebuffer UI, Fuse prefers to use GPM; if this is not available, it will fall back to built-in PS/2 mouse support. In this mode, it tries /dev/input/mice, /dev/mouse then /dev/psaux, stopping when it successfully opens one. The first of these is preferred since (at least on Linux, with a 2.6-series kernel) any type of mouse can be used and any connected mouse may be used.

Swap mouse buttons

If this option is enabled, the left and right mouse buttons will be swapped when emulating a Kempston mouse.

Fuller Box

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Fuller Box AY sound and joystick interface. This emulation is only available for the 16k, 48k and TC2048 machines.

Melodik

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Melodik AY sound interface. These interfaces and many similar ones were produced to make the 48K Spectrum compatible with the same AY music as the 128K Spectrum. This emulation is only available for the 16k, 48k and TC2048 machines.

Interface 1

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple Sinclair Interface 1, and allow Microdrive cartridges to be connected and disconnected via the Media, Interface 1, Microdrive menus. It also enables support for the Interface 1 RS-232 interface.

Interface 2

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a cartridge port as found on the Interface 2. Cartridges can then be inserted and removed via the Media, Cartridge, Interface 2 menu. Note that the Pentagon, Scorpion, Interface 2, ZXATASP and ZXCF all use the same hardware mechanism for accessing some of their extended features, so only one of these should be selected at once or unpredictable behaviour will occur.

Multiface One

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Romantic Robot Multiface One. Available for 16K, 48K and Timex TC2048 machines.

Multiface 128

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Romantic Robot Multiface 128. Available for 16K, 48K, Timex TC2048, 128K, +2 and SE machines.

Multiface 3

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Romantic Robot Multiface 3. Available for +2A, +3 and +3e machines.

Stealth Multiface One

This option controls the `invisible' or `stealth' mode of Multiface One, as the physical switch on the side of the interface.

Emulate printers

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.

ZX Printer

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZX Printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.

SpeccyBoot interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a SpeccyBoot interface which allows booting a ZX Spectrum over an Ethernet network. See the SpeccyBoot web page at http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/ for more details.

SpecDrum interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Cheetah SpecDrum sound interface. See the World of Spectrum Infoseek web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals, software and more. This emulation is only available for the 48k, 128k and TC2048 machines.

Spectranet

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Spectranet interface, which provides an Ethernet interface for the Spectrum. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more details.

Spectranet disable

This option controls the state of the Spectranet automatic page-in jumper (J2). See the SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more details.

TTX2000S

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the OEL/Volex TTX2000S teletext adaptor. Available for the 16K and 48K machines. See the TTX2000S EMULATION section for more details.

µSource

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Currah µSource interface. See the World of Spectrum Infoseek web page at http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=1000080 for the manual.

Covox interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Covox digital sound interface. This emulation is only available for the Pentagon, Pentagon 512k, Pentagon 1024k and Scorpion machines. The Pentagon variants use port 0xfb and the Scorpion version uses port 0xdd.

Options, Peripherals, Disk...

Display the Disk Peripherals Options dialog, letting you configure the disk interface peripherals which Fuse will consider to be attached to the emulated machine. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse. Also note that any changes that enable and disable peripherals may result in a hard reset of the emulated machine.

Simple 8-bit IDE

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple 8-bit IDE interface as used by the Spectrum +3e, and allow hard disks to be connected and disconnected via the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit menu.

ZXATASP interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXATASP interface, which provides both additional RAM and an IDE interface. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.

ZXATASP upload

This option controls the state of the ZXATASP upload jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.

ZXATASP write protect

This option controls the state of the ZXATASP write protect jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.

ZXCF interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXCF interface, which provides both additional RAM and a CompactFlash interface. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.

ZXCF upload

This option controls the state of the ZXCF upload jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.

ZXMMC interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXMMC interface. Available for +2A, +3 and +3e machines.

DivIDE interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DivIDE interface. See the DIVIDE section for more details.

DivIDE write protect

This option controls the state of the DivIDE write protection jumper. See the DIVIDE section for more details.

DivMMC interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DivMMC interface. See the DIVMMC section for more details.

DivMMC write protect

This option controls the state of the DivMMC write protection jumper that prevents flashing the EEPROM chip. See the DIVMMC section for more details.

+D interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the +D interface. See the +D EMULATION section for more details.

Didaktik 80 interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40) interface. See the DIDAKTIK 80 EMULATION section for more details.

DISCiPLE interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DISCiPLE interface. See the DISCIPLE EMULATION section for more details.

Beta 128 interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Beta 128 interface. See the BETA 128 EMULATION section for more details. Beta 128 emulation is enabled for the Pentagon and Scorpion machines regardless of this option.

Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines

If this option is selected, then when a Beta 128 interface is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation, the machine will boot directly into the TR-DOS system.

Opus Discovery interface

If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Opus Discovery interface. See the OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION section for more details.

Options, RZX...

Display the RZX Options dialog, letting you configure how Fuse's deals with RZX input recordings. (With the widget UI, the keys shown in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.

Create autosaves

If this option is selected, Fuse will add a snapshot into the recording stream every 5 seconds while creating an RZX file, thus enabling the rollback facilities to be used without having to explicitly add snapshots into the stream. Older snapshots will be pruned from the stream to keep the file size and number of snapshots down: each snapshot up to 15 seconds will be kept, then one snapshot every 15 seconds until one minute, then one snapshot every minute until 5 minutes, and then one snapshot every 5 minutes. Note that this “pruning” applies only to automatically inserted snapshots: snapshots manually inserted into the stream will never be pruned.

Compress RZX data

If this option is selected, and zlib was available when Fuse was compiled, any RZX files written by Fuse will be compressed. This is generally a good thing as it makes the files significantly smaller, and you probably want to turn it off only if you're debugging the RZX files or there's some other program which doesn't support compressed RZX files.

Competition mode

Any input recordings which are started when this option is selected will be made in `competition mode'. In essence, this means that Fuse will act just like a real Spectrum would: you can't load snapshots, pause the emulation in any way, change the speed or anything that you couldn't do on the real machine. If any of these things are attempted, or if the emulated Fuse is running more than 5% faster or slower than normal Spectrum speed, then the recording will immediately be stopped.

If libgcrypt was available when Fuse was compiled, then recordings made with competition mode active will be digitally signed, in theory to `certify' that it was made with the above restrictions in place. However, this procedure is not secure (and cannot be made so), so the presence of any signature on an RZX file should not be taken as providing proof that it was made with competition mode active. This feature is included in Fuse solely as it was one of the requirements for Fuse to be used in an on-line tournament.

Competition code

The numeric code entered here will be written into any RZX files made in competition mode. This is another feature for on-line tournaments which can be used to `prove' that the recording was made after a specific code was released. If you're not playing in such a tournament, you can safely ignore this option.

Always embed snapshot

Specify whether a snapshot should be embedded in an RZX file when recording is started from an existing snapshot.

Options, Movie...

Display the Movie Options dialog, letting you configure how Fuse's deals with movie recordings.

Movie compression

This option set the compression level to None, Lossless or High. (See the MOVIE RECORDING section for more information).

Stop recording after RZX ends

If this option is selected, Fuse will stop any movie recording after an RZX playback is finished.

Options, Joysticks

Fuse can emulate many of the common types of joystick which were available for the Spectrum. The input for these emulated joysticks can be taken from real joysticks attached to the emulating machine (configured via the Options, Joysticks, Joystick 1... and Options, Joysticks, Joystick 2... options), or from the q, a, o, p, and Space keys on the emulating machines keyboard, configured via the Options, Joysticks, Keyboard... option. Note that when using the keyboard to emulate a joystick, the q, a, o, p, and Space keys will not have their normal effect (to avoid problems with games which do things like use p for pause when using a joystick).

Each of the joysticks (including the `fake' keyboard joystick) can be configured to emulate any one of the following joystick types:

None

No joystick: any input will simply be ignored.

Cursor

A cursor joystick, equivalent to pressing 5 (left), 6 (down), 7 (up), 8 (right), and 0 (fire).

Kempston

A Kempston joystick, read from input port 31. Note that the Options, Peripherals, General, Kempston interface option must also be set for the input to be recognised.

Sinclair 1
Sinclair 2

The `left' and `right' Sinclair joysticks, equivalent to pressing 1 (left), 2 (right), 3 (down), 4 (up), and 5 (fire), or 6 (left), 7 (right), 8 (down), 9 (up), and 0 (fire) respectively.

Timex 1
Timex 2

The `left' and `right' joysticks as attached to the Timex 2068 variant's built-in joystick interface.

For the real joysticks, it is also possible to configure what effect each button on the joystick will have: this can be Joystick Fire, equivalent to pressing the emulated joystick's fire button, Nothing, meaning to have no effect, or any Spectrum key, meaning that pressing that button will be equivalent to pressing that Spectrum key.

Options, Select ROMs, Machine ROMs

An individual dialog is available for each Spectrum variant emulated by Fuse which allows selection of the ROM(s) used by that machine. Simply select the ROM you wish to use, and then reset the Spectrum for the change to take effect.

Options, Select ROMs, Peripheral ROMs

The same as the Machine ROMs menu, but an individual dialog is available for peripherals that need a ROM. Simply select the ROM you wish to use, and then reset the Spectrum for the change to take effect.

Options, Filter...

Select the graphics filter currently in use. See the GRAPHICS FILTERS section for more details.

F11
Options, Full Screen

Switch Fuse between full screen and windowed mode. This menu is only available under the SDL UI.

Options, Disk Options...

When emulating disk drives, Fuse allows the specification of the physical drive units attached to the emulated interface. Each drive can be set to be one of the following types:

Disabled

Single-sided 40 track

Double-sided 40 track

Single-sided 80 track

Double-sided 80 track

The Disabled option is not supported for Drive 1 or Drive A of any interface.

The available options that can be set are:

+3 Drive A

Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.

+3 Drive B