include¶

A path or a matching pattern specifying one or more files that are included at the place of the include option position in the configuration. If the path is not absolute, then it is considered to be relative to the current file. The pattern can be an arbitrary string meeting POSIX glob requirements, e.g. dir/*.conf. Matching files are processed in sorted order.

Default: not set

clear¶

A matching pattern specifying configuration sections that are cleared when this item is parsed. This allows overriding of existing configuration in the configuration database when including a configuration file or ensures that some configuration wasn't specified in previous includes.

NOTE:

Default: not set

id¶

A module identifier in the form of the mod- prefix and module name suffix.

file¶

A path to a shared library file with the module implementation.

WARNING:

Default: ${libdir}/knot/modules-${version}/module_name.so (or ${path}/module_name.so if configured with --with-moduledir=path)

identity¶

An identity of the server returned in the response to the query for TXT record id.server. or hostname.bind. in the CHAOS class (RFC 4892). Set to an empty value to disable.

Default: FQDN hostname

version¶

A version of the server software returned in the response to the query for TXT record version.server. or version.bind. in the CHAOS class (RFC 4892). Set to an empty value to disable.

Default: server version

nsid¶

A DNS name server identifier (RFC 5001). Set to an empty value to disable.

Default: FQDN hostname at the moment of the daemon start

rundir¶

A path for storing run-time data (PID file, unix sockets, etc.). A non-absolute path is relative to the knotd startup directory.

Depending on the usage of this parameter, its change may require restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: ${localstatedir}/run/knot (configured with --with-rundir=path)

user¶

A system user with an optional system group (user:group) under which the server is run after starting and binding to interfaces. Linux capabilities are employed if supported.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: root:root

pidfile¶

A PID file location.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: rundir/knot.pid

udp-workers¶

A number of UDP workers (threads) used to process incoming queries over UDP.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: equal to the number of online CPUs

tcp-workers¶

A number of TCP workers (threads) used to process incoming queries over TCP.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: equal to the number of online CPUs, default value is at least 10

background-workers¶

A number of workers (threads) used to execute background operations (zone loading, zone updates, etc.).

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: equal to the number of online CPUs, default value is at most 10

async-start¶

If enabled, server doesn't wait for the zones to be loaded and starts responding immediately with SERVFAIL answers until the zone loads.

Default: off

tcp-idle-timeout¶

Maximum idle time (in seconds) between requests on an inbound TCP connection. It means if there is no activity on an inbound TCP connection during this limit, the connection is closed by the server.

Minimum: 1

Default: 10

tcp-io-timeout¶

Maximum time (in milliseconds) to receive or send one DNS message over an inbound TCP connection. It means this limit applies to normal DNS queries and replies, incoming DDNS, and outgoing zone transfers. The timeout is measured since some data is already available for processing. Set to 0 for infinity.

Default: 500 (milliseconds)

CAUTION:

tcp-remote-io-timeout¶

Maximum time (in milliseconds) to receive or send one DNS message over an outbound TCP connection which has already been established to a configured remote server. It means this limit applies to incoming zone transfers, sending NOTIFY, DDNS forwarding, and DS check or push. This timeout includes the time needed for a network round-trip and for a query processing by the remote. Set to 0 for infinity.

Default: 5000 (milliseconds)

tcp-reuseport¶

If enabled, each TCP worker listens on its own socket and the OS kernel socket load balancing is employed using SO_REUSEPORT (or SO_REUSEPORT_LB on FreeBSD). Due to the lack of one shared socket, the server can offer higher response rate processing over TCP. However, in the case of time-consuming requests (e.g. zone transfers of a TLD zone), enabled reuseport may result in delayed or not being responded client requests. So it is advisable to use this option on secondary servers.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: off

tcp-fastopen¶

If enabled, use TCP Fast Open for outbound TCP communication (client side): incoming zone transfers, sending NOTIFY, and DDNS forwarding. This mode simplifies TCP handshake and can result in better networking performance. TCP Fast Open for inbound TCP communication (server side) isn't affected by this configuration as it's enabled automatically if supported by OS.

NOTE:

Default: off

quic-max-clients¶

A maximum number of QUIC clients connected in parallel.

See also quic.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Minimum: 128

Default: 10000 (ten thousand)

quic-outbuf-max-size¶

Maximum cumulative size of memory used for buffers of unACKed sent messages. This limit is per one UDP worker.

NOTE:

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Minimum: 1M (1 MiB)

Default: 100M (100 MiB)

quic-idle-close-timeout¶

Time in seconds, after which any idle QUIC connection is gracefully closed.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Minimum: 1

Default: 4

remote-pool-limit¶

If nonzero, the server will keep up to this number of outgoing TCP connections open for later use. This is an optimization to avoid frequent opening of TCP connections to the same remote.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: 0

remote-pool-timeout¶

The timeout in seconds after which the unused kept-open outgoing TCP connections to remote servers are closed.

Default: 5

remote-retry-delay¶

When a connection attempt times out to some remote address, this information will be kept for this specified time (in milliseconds) and other connections to the same address won't be attempted. This prevents repetitive waiting for timeout on an unreachable remote.

Default: 0

socket-affinity¶

If enabled and if SO_REUSEPORT is available on Linux, all configured network sockets are bound to UDP and TCP workers in order to increase the networking performance. This mode isn't recommended for setups where the number of network card queues is lower than the number of UDP or TCP workers.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: off

tcp-max-clients¶

A maximum number of TCP clients connected in parallel, set this below the file descriptor limit to avoid resource exhaustion.

NOTE:

Default: one half of the file descriptor limit for the server process

udp-max-payload¶

Maximum EDNS0 UDP payload size default for both IPv4 and IPv6.

Default: 1232

udp-max-payload-ipv4¶

Maximum EDNS0 UDP payload size for IPv4.

Default: 1232

udp-max-payload-ipv6¶

Maximum EDNS0 UDP payload size for IPv6.

Default: 1232

key-file¶

Path to a server key PEM file which is used for DNS over QUIC/TLS communication. A non-absolute path of a user specified key file is relative to the /usr/local/etc/knot directory.

Default: auto-generated key

cert-file¶

Path to a server certificate PEM file which is used for DNS over QUIC/TLS communication. A non-absolute path is relative to the /usr/local/etc/knot directory.

Default: one-time in-memory certificate

edns-client-subnet¶

Enable or disable EDNS Client Subnet support. If enabled, responses to queries containing the EDNS Client Subnet option always contain a valid EDNS Client Subnet option according to RFC 7871.

Default: off

answer-rotation¶

Enable or disable sorted-rrset rotation in the answer section of normal replies. The rotation shift is simply determined by a query ID.

Default: off

automatic-acl¶

If enabled, automatic ACL setting of configured remotes is considered when evaluating authorized operations.

Default: off

proxy-allowlist¶

An ordered list of IP addresses, network subnets, or network ranges which are allowed as a source address of proxied DNS traffic over UDP. The supported proxy protocol is haproxy PROXY v2.

NOTE:

Default: not set

dbus-event¶

Specification of server or zone states which emit a D-Bus signal on the system bus. The bus name is cz.nic.knotd, the object path is /cz/nic/knotd, and the interface name is cz.nic.knotd.events.

Possible values:

NOTE:

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: none

dbus-init-delay¶

Time in seconds which the server waits upon D-Bus initialization to ensure the D-Bus client is ready to receive signals.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Minimum: 0

Default: 1

listen¶

One or more IP addresses where the server listens for incoming queries. Optional port specification (default is 53) can be appended to each address using @ separator. Use 0.0.0.0 for all configured IPv4 addresses or :: for all configured IPv6 addresses. Filesystem path can be specified for listening on local unix SOCK_STREAM socket. Non-absolute path (i.e. not starting with /) is relative to rundir. Non-local address binding is automatically enabled if supported by the operating system.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: not set

listen-quic¶

One or more IP addresses (and optionally ports) where the server listens for incoming queries over QUIC protocol.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: not set

listen-tls¶

One or more IP addresses (and optionally ports) where the server listens for incoming queries over TLS protocol (DoT).

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: not set

listen¶

One or more network device names (e.g. ens786f0) on which the Mode XDP is enabled. Alternatively, an IP address can be used instead of a device name, but the server will still listen on all addresses belonging to the same interface! Optional port specification (default is 53) can be appended to each device name or address using @ separator.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

CAUTION:

NOTE:

Default: not set

udp¶

If enabled, DNS over UDP is processed with XDP workers.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: on

tcp¶

If enabled, DNS over TCP traffic is processed with XDP workers.

The TCP stack limitations:

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: off

quic¶

If enabled, DNS over QUIC is processed with XDP workers.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: off

quic-port¶

DNS over QUIC will listen on the interfaces configured by listen, but on different port, configured by this option.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: 853

tcp-max-clients¶

A maximum number of TCP clients connected in parallel.

Minimum: 1024

Default: 1000000 (one million)

tcp-inbuf-max-size¶

Maximum cumulative size of memory used for buffers of incompletely received messages.

Minimum: 1M (1 MiB)

Default: 100M (100 MiB)

tcp-outbuf-max-size¶

Maximum cumulative size of memory used for buffers of unACKed sent messages.

Minimum: 1M (1 MiB)

Default: 100M (100 MiB)

tcp-idle-close-timeout¶

Time in seconds, after which any idle connection is gracefully closed.

Minimum: 1

Default: 10

tcp-idle-reset-timeout¶

Time in seconds, after which any idle connection is forcibly closed.

Minimum: 1

Default: 20

tcp-resend-timeout¶

Resend outgoing data packets (with DNS response payload) if not ACKed before this timeout (in seconds).

Minimum: 1

Default: 5

route-check¶

If enabled, routing information from the operating system is considered when processing every incoming DNS packet received over the XDP interface:

If disabled, symmetrical routing is applied. It means that the query source MAC address is used as a response destination MAC address. Possible VLAN tag is preserved.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

NOTE:

Default: off

ring-size¶

Size of RX, FQ, TX, and CQ rings.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

NOTE:

Default: 2048

busypoll-budget¶

If set to a positive value, preferred busy polling is enabled with the specified budget.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

NOTE:

echo 2 | sudo tee /sys/class/net/<interface>/napi_defer_hard_irqs
echo 200000 | sudo tee /sys/class/net/<interface>/gro_flush_timeout

NOTE:

Default: 0 (disabled)

busypoll-timeout¶

Timeout in microseconds of preferrred busy polling if enabled by busypoll-budget.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: 20 (20 microseconds)

listen¶

A UNIX socket path where the server listens for control commands.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: rundir/knot.sock

backlog¶

The control UNIX socket listen backlog size.

Change of this parameter requires restart of the Knot server to take effect.

Default: 5

timeout¶

Maximum time (in seconds) the control socket operations can take. Set to 0 for infinity.

Default: 5

target¶

A logging output.

Possible values:

With syslog target, syslog service is used. However, if Knot DNS has been compiled with systemd support and operating system has been booted with systemd, systemd journal is used for logging instead of syslog.

A file_name may be specified as an absolute path or a path relative to the knotd startup directory.

server¶

Minimum severity level for messages related to general operation of the server to be logged.

Default: not set

control¶

Minimum severity level for messages related to server control to be logged.

Default: not set

zone¶

Minimum severity level for messages related to zones to be logged.

Default: not set

quic¶

Minimum severity level for messages related to QUIC to be logged.

Default: not set

any¶

Minimum severity level for all message types, except quic, to be logged.

Default: not set

timer¶

A period (in seconds) after which all available statistics metrics will by written to the file.

Default: not set

file¶

A file path of statistics output in the YAML format.

Default: rundir/stats.yaml

append¶

If enabled, the output will be appended to the file instead of file replacement.

Default: off

storage¶

A data directory for storing journal, KASP, and timer databases. A non-absolute path is relative to the knotd startup directory.

Default: ${localstatedir}/lib/knot (configured with --with-storage=path)

journal-db¶

An explicit specification of the persistent journal database directory.

Default: storage/journal

journal-db-mode¶

Specifies journal LMDB backend configuration, which influences performance and durability.

Possible values:

Default: robust

journal-db-max-size¶

The hard limit for the journal database maximum size. There is no cleanup logic in journal to recover from reaching this limit. Journal simply starts refusing changes across all zones. Decreasing this value has no effect if it is lower than the actual database file size.

It is recommended to limit journal-max-usage per-zone instead of journal-db-max-size in most cases. Please keep this value larger than the sum of all zones' journal usage limits. See more details regarding journal behaviour.

NOTE:

Default: 20G (20 GiB), or 512M (512 MiB) for 32-bit

kasp-db¶

An explicit specification of the KASP database directory.

Default: storage/keys

kasp-db-max-size¶

The hard limit for the KASP database maximum size.

NOTE:

Default: 500M (500 MiB)

timer-db¶

An explicit specification of the persistent timer database directory.

Default: storage/timers

timer-db-max-size¶

The hard limit for the timer database maximum size.

NOTE:

Default: 100M (100 MiB)

catalog-db¶

An explicit specification of the zone catalog database directory. Only useful if Catalog zones are enabled.

Default: storage/catalog

catalog-db-max-size¶

The hard limit for the catalog database maximum size.

NOTE:

Default: 20G (20 GiB), or 512M (512 MiB) for 32-bit

id¶

A keystore identifier.

backend¶

A key storage backend type.

Possible values:

Default: pem

config¶

A backend specific configuration. A directory with PEM files (the path can be specified as a relative path to kasp-db) or a configuration string for PKCS #11 storage (<pkcs11-uri> <module-path>). The PKCS #11 URI Scheme is defined in RFC 7512.

NOTE:

"pkcs11:token=knot;pin-value=1234 /usr/lib64/pkcs11/libsofthsm2.so"

Default: kasp-db/keys

key-label¶

If enabled in combination with the PKCS #11 backend, generated keys are labeled in the form <zone_name> KSK|ZSK.

Default: off

id¶

A key name identifier.

NOTE:

algorithm¶

A TSIG key algorithm. See TSIG Algorithm Numbers.

Possible values:

Default: not set

secret¶

Shared key secret.

Default: not set

id¶

A remote identifier.

address¶

An ordered list of destination IP addresses or UNIX socket paths which are used for communication with the remote server. Non-absolute path (i.e. not starting with /) is relative to rundir. Optional destination port (default is 53 for UDP/TCP and 853 for QUIC) can be appended to the address using @ separator. The addresses are tried in sequence until the remote is reached.

Default: not set

NOTE:

via¶

An ordered list of source IP addresses which are used as source addresses for communication with the remote. For the N-th remote address, the last, but at most N-th, specified via address of the same family is used. This option can help if the server listens on more addresses. Optional source port (default is random) can be appended to the address using @ separator.

Default: not set

NOTE:

remote:


  - id: example


    address: [198.51.100.10, 2001:db8::10, 198.51.100.20, 2001:db8::20]


    via: [198.51.100.1, 198.51.100.2, 2001:db8::1]

quic¶

If this option is set, the QUIC protocol will be used for outgoing communication with this remote.

NOTE:

Default: off

tls¶

If this option is set, the TLS (DoT) protocol will be used for outgoing communication with this remote.

Default: off

key¶

A reference to the TSIG key which is used to authenticate the communication with the remote server.

Default: not set

cert-key¶

An ordered list of remote certificate public key PINs. If the list is non-empty, communication with the remote is possible only via QUIC protocol and a peer certificate is required. The peer certificate key must match one of the specified PINs.

A PIN is a unique identifier that represents the public key of the peer certificate. It's a base64-encoded SHA-256 hash of the public key. This identifier remains the same on a certificate renewal.

Default: not set

block-notify-after-transfer¶

When incoming AXFR/IXFR from this remote (as a primary server), suppress sending NOTIFY messages to all configured secondary servers.

Default: off

no-edns¶

If enabled, no OPT record (EDNS) is inserted to outgoing requests to this remote server. This mode is necessary for communication with some broken implementations (e.g. Windows Server 2016).

NOTE:

Default: off

automatic-acl¶

If enabled, some authorized operations for the remote are automatically allowed based on the context:

Automatic ACL rules are evaluated before explicit zone ACL configuration.

NOTE:

Default: on

id¶

A remote group identifier.

remote¶

An ordered list of references to remote server definitions.

Default: not set

id¶

An ACL rule identifier.

address¶

An ordered list of IP addresses, absolute UNIX socket paths, network subnets, or network ranges. The query's source address must match one of them. If this item is not set, address match is not required.

Default: not set

key¶

An ordered list of references to TSIG keys. The query must match one of them. If this item is not set, transaction authentication is not used.

Default: not set

cert-key¶

An ordered list of remote certificate public key PINs. If the list is non-empty, communication with the remote is possible only via QUIC protocol and a peer certificate is required. The peer certificate key must match one of the specified PINs.

A PIN is a unique identifier that represents the public key of the peer certificate. It's a base64-encoded SHA-256 hash of the public key. This identifier remains the same on a certificate renewal.

Default: not set

remote¶

An ordered list of references remote and remotes. The query must match one of the remotes. Specifically, one of the remote's addresses and remote's TSIG key if configured must match.

NOTE:

Default: not set

action¶

An ordered list of allowed, or denied, actions (request types).

Possible values:

Default: query

deny¶

If enabled, instead of allowing, deny the specified action, address, key, or combination if these items. If no action is specified, deny all actions.

Default: off

update-type¶

A list of allowed types of Resource Records in a zone update. Every record in an update must match one of the specified types.

Default: not set

update-owner¶

This option restricts possible owners of Resource Records in a zone update by comparing them to either the TSIG key identity, the current zone name, or to a list of domain names given by the update-owner-name option. The comparison method is given by the update-owner-match option.

Possible values:

Default: not set

update-owner-match¶

This option defines how the owners of Resource Records in an update are matched to the domain name(s) set by the update-owner option.

Possible values:

Default: sub-or-equal

update-owner-name¶

A list of allowed owners of RRs in a zone update used with update-owner set to name. Every listed owner name which is not FQDN (i.e. it doesn't end in a dot) is considered as if it was appended with the target zone name. Such a relative owner name specification allows better ACL rule reusability across multiple zones.

Default: not set

id¶

A submission identifier.

parent¶

A list of references remote and remotes to parent's DNS servers to be checked for presence of corresponding DS records in the case of KSK submission. All of them must have a corresponding DS for the rollover to continue. If none is specified, the rollover must be pushed forward manually.

Default: not set

TIP:

check-interval¶

Interval (in seconds) for periodic checks of DS presence on parent's DNS servers, in the case of the KSK submission.

Default: 1h (1 hour)

timeout¶

After this time period (in seconds) the KSK submission is automatically considered successful, even if all the checks were negative or no parents are configured. Set to 0 for infinity.

Default: 0

parent-delay¶

After successful parent DS check, wait for this period (in seconds) before continuing the next key roll-over step. This delay shall cover the propagation delay of update in the parent zone.

Default: 0

id¶

A dnskey-sync identifier.

remote¶

A list of references remote and remotes to other signers or common master, which the DDNS updates with DNSKEY/CDNSKEY/CDS records shall be sent to.

Default: not set

check-interval¶

If the last DNSKEY sync failed or resulted in any change, re-check the consistence after this interval (in seconds) and re-try if needed.

Default: 60 (1 minute)

id¶

A policy identifier.

keystore¶

A reference to a keystore holding private key material for zones.

Default: an imaginary keystore with all default values

NOTE:

manual¶

If enabled, automatic key management is not used.

Default: off

single-type-signing¶

If enabled, Single-Type Signing Scheme is used in the automatic key management mode.

Default: off (module onlinesign has default on)

algorithm¶

An algorithm of signing keys and issued signatures. See DNSSEC Algorithm Numbers.

Possible values:

NOTE:

Default: ecdsap256sha256

ksk-size¶

A length of newly generated KSK or CSK keys.

Default: 2048 (rsa*), 256 (ecdsap256), 384 (ecdsap384), 256 (ed25519), 456 (ed448)

zsk-size¶

A length of newly generated ZSK keys.

Default: see default for ksk-size

ksk-shared¶

If enabled, all zones with this policy assigned will share one or more KSKs. More KSKs can be shared during a KSK rollover.

WARNING:

Default: off

dnskey-ttl¶

A TTL value for DNSKEY records added into zone apex.

NOTE:

WARNING:

Default: zone SOA TTL

zone-max-ttl¶

Declare (override) maximal TTL value among all the records in zone.

NOTE:

Default: computed after zone is loaded

keytag-modulo¶

Specifies that the keytags of any generated keys shall be congruent by specified modulo. The option value must be a string in the format R/M, where R < M <= 256 are positive integers. Whenever a DNSSEC key is generated, it is ensured that keytag % M == R. This prevents keytag conflict in DNSSEC Offline KSK or DNSSEC multi-signer (and possibly other) setups.

NOTE:

Default: 0/1

ksk-lifetime¶

A period (in seconds) between KSK generation and the next rollover initiation.

NOTE:

Default: 0 (infinity)

zsk-lifetime¶

A period (in seconds) between ZSK activation and the next rollover initiation.

NOTE:

Default: 30d (30 days)

delete-delay¶

Once a key (KSK or ZSK) is rolled-over and removed from the zone, keep it in the KASP database for at least this period (in seconds) before deleting it completely. This might be useful in some troubleshooting cases when resurrection is needed.

Default: 0

propagation-delay¶

An extra delay added for each key rollover step. This value (in seconds) should be high enough to cover propagation of data from the primary server to all secondary servers, as well as the duration of signing routine itself and possible outages in signing and propagation infrastructure. In other words, this delay should ensure that within this period of time after planned change of the key set, all public-facing secondaries will already serve new DNSKEY RRSet for sure.

NOTE:

Default: 1h (1 hour)

rrsig-lifetime¶

A validity period (in seconds) of newly issued signatures.

NOTE:

Default: 14d (14 days)

rrsig-refresh¶

A period (in seconds) how long at least before a signature expiration the signature will be refreshed, in order to prevent expired RRSIGs on secondary servers or resolvers' caches.

Default: 0.1 * rrsig-lifetime + propagation-delay + zone-max-ttl

If dnssec-validation is enabled:

Default: 1d (1 day)

rrsig-pre-refresh¶

A period (in seconds) how long at most before a signature refresh time the signature might be refreshed, in order to refresh RRSIGs in bigger batches on a frequently updated zone (avoid re-sign event too often).

Default: 1h (1 hour)

reproducible-signing¶

For ECDSA algorithms, generate RRSIG signatures deterministically (RFC 6979). Besides better theoretical cryptographic security, this mode allows significant speed-up of loading signed (by the same method) zones. However, the zone signing is a bit slower.

Default: off

nsec3¶

Specifies if NSEC3 will be used instead of NSEC.

Default: off

nsec3-iterations¶

A number of additional times the hashing is performed.

Default: 0

nsec3-opt-out¶

If set, NSEC3 records won't be created for insecure delegations. This speeds up the zone signing and reduces overall zone size.

WARNING:

Default: off

nsec3-salt-length¶

A length of a salt field in octets, which is appended to the original owner name before hashing.

Default: 8

nsec3-salt-lifetime¶

A validity period (in seconds) of newly issued salt field.

Zero value means infinity.

Special value -1 triggers re-salt every time when active ZSK changes. This optimizes the number of big changes to the zone.

Default: 30d (30 days)

signing-threads¶

When signing zone or update, use this number of threads for parallel signing.

Those are extra threads independent of Background workers.

NOTE:

Default: 1 (no extra threads)

ksk-submission¶

A reference to submission section holding parameters of KSK submission checks.

Default: not set

ds-push¶

Optional references remote and remotes to authoritative DNS server of the parent's zone. The remote server must be configured to accept DS record updates via DDNS. Whenever a CDS record in the local zone is changed, the corresponding DS record is sent as a dynamic update (DDNS) to the parent DNS server. All previous DS records are deleted within the DDNS message. It's possible to manage both child and parent zones by the same Knot DNS server.

NOTE:

NOTE:

NOTE:

NOTE:

Default: not set

dnskey-sync¶

A reference to dnskey-sync section holding parameters of DNSKEY synchronization.

Default: not set

cds-cdnskey-publish¶

Controls if and how shall the CDS and CDNSKEY be published in the zone.

Possible values:

NOTE:

WARNING:

Default: rollover

cds-digest-type¶

Specify digest type for published CDS records.

Default: sha256

dnskey-management¶

Specify how the DNSKEY, CDNSKEY, and CDS RRSets at the zone apex are handled when (re-)signing the zone.

Possible values:

NOTE:

Default: full

offline-ksk¶

Specifies if Offline KSK feature is enabled.

Default: off

unsafe-operation¶

Turn off some DNSSEC safety features.

Possible values:

Multiple values may be specified.

WARNING:

Default: none

id¶

A template identifier.

global-module¶

An ordered list of references to query modules in the form of module_name or module_name/module_id. These modules apply to all queries.

NOTE:

Default: not set

domain¶

A zone name identifier.

template¶

A reference to a configuration template.

Default: not set or default (if the template exists)

storage¶

A data directory for storing zone files. A non-absolute path is relative to the knotd startup directory.

Default: ${localstatedir}/lib/knot (configured with --with-storage=path)

file¶

A path to the zone file. It is also possible to use the following formatters:

WARNING:

Default: storage/%s.zone

master¶

An ordered list of references remote and remotes to zone primary servers (formerly known as master servers). Empty value is allowed for template value overriding.

Default: not set

ddns-master¶

A reference to a zone primary master where DDNS messages should be forwarded to. If not specified, the first master server is used.

If set to the empty value (""), incoming DDNS messages aren't forwarded but are applied to the local zone instead, no matter if it is a secondary server. This is only allowed in combination with dnssec-signing enabled.

Default: not set

notify¶

An ordered list of references remote and remotes to secondary servers to which notify message is sent if the zone changes. Empty value is allowed for template value overriding.

Default: not set

acl¶

An ordered list of references to ACL rules which can allow or disallow zone transfers, updates or incoming notifies.

Default: not set

master-pin-tolerance¶

If set to a nonzero value on a secondary, always request AXFR/IXFR from the same primary as the last time, effectively pinning one primary. Only when another primary is updated and the current one lags behind for the specified amount of time (defined by this option in seconds), change to the updated primary and force AXFR.

This option is useful when multiple primaries may have different zone history in their journals, making it unsafe to combine interchanged IXFR from different primaries.

Default: 0 (disabled)

provide-ixfr¶

If disabled, the server is forced to respond with AXFR to IXFR queries. If enabled, IXFR requests are responded normally.

Default: on

semantic-checks¶

Selects if extra zone semantic checks are used or impacts of the mandatory checks.

There are several mandatory checks which are always enabled and cannot be turned off. An error in a mandatory check causes the zone not to be loaded. Most of the mandatory checks can be weakened by setting soft, which allows the zone to be loaded even if the check fails.

If enabled, extra checks are used. These checks don't prevent the zone from loading.

The mandatory checks are applied to zone files, zone transfers, and updates via control interface. The extra checks are applied to zone files only!

Mandatory checks:

(*) The marked check can't be weakened by the soft mode. All other mandatory checks are subject to the optional soft mode.

Extra checks:

NOTE:

Default: off

default-ttl¶

The default TTL value if none is specified in a zone file or zone insertion using the dynamic configuration.

WARNING:

Default: 3600

zonefile-sync¶

The time in seconds after which the current zone in memory will be synced with a zone file on the disk (see file). The server will serve the latest zone even after a restart using zone journal, but the zone file on the disk will only be synced after zonefile-sync time has expired (or after manual zone flush). This is applicable when the zone is updated via IXFR, DDNS or automatic DNSSEC signing. In order to completely disable automatic zone file synchronization, set the value to -1. In that case, it is still possible to force a manual zone flush using the -f option.

NOTE:

Default: 0 (immediate)

zonefile-load¶

Selects how the zone file contents are applied during zone load.

Possible values:

When difference is configured and there are no zone contents yet (cold start and no zone contents in the journal), it behaves the same way as whole.

Default: whole

NOTE:

journal-content¶

Selects how the journal shall be used to store zone and its changes.

Possible values:

Default: changes

WARNING:

journal-max-usage¶

Policy how much space in journal DB will the zone's journal occupy.

NOTE:

Default: 100M (100 MiB)

journal-max-depth¶

Maximum history length of the journal.

NOTE:

Minimum: 2

Default: 20

ixfr-benevolent¶

If enabled, incoming IXFR is applied even when it contains removals of non-existing or additions of existing records.

Default: off

ixfr-by-one¶

Within incoming IXFR, process only one changeset at a time, not multiple together. This preserves the complete history in the journal and prevents the merging of changesets when multiple changesets are IXFRed simultaneously. However, this does not prevent the merging (or deletion) of old changesets in the journal to save space, as described in journal behaviour.

This option leads to increased server load when processing IXFR, including network traffic.

Default: off

ixfr-from-axfr¶

If a primary sends AXFR-style-IXFR upon an IXFR request, compute the difference and process it as an incremental zone update (e.g. by storing the changeset in the journal).

Default: off

zone-max-size¶

Maximum size of the zone. The size is measured as size of the zone records in wire format without compression. The limit is enforced for incoming zone transfers and dynamic updates.

For incremental transfers (IXFR), the effective limit for the total size of the records in the transfer is twice the configured value. However the final size of the zone must satisfy the configured value.

Default: unlimited

adjust-threads¶

Parallelize internal zone adjusting procedures by using specified number of threads. This is useful with huge zones with NSEC3. Speedup observable at server startup and while processing NSEC3 re-salt.

Default: 1 (no extra threads)

dnssec-signing¶

If enabled, automatic DNSSEC signing for the zone is turned on.

Default: off

dnssec-validation¶

If enabled, the zone contents are validated for being correctly signed (including NSEC/NSEC3 chain) with DNSSEC signatures every time the zone is loaded or changed (including AXFR/IXFR).

When the validation fails, the zone being loaded or update being applied is cancelled with an error, and either none or previous zone state is published.

List of DNSSEC checks:

The validation is not affected by dnssec-policy configuration, except for signing-threads option, which specifies the number of threads for parallel validation, and rrsig-refresh, which defines minimal allowed remaining RRSIG validity (otherwise a warning is logged).

NOTE:

Default: not set

dnssec-policy¶

A reference to DNSSEC signing policy.

NOTE:

Default: an imaginary policy with all default values

ds-push¶

Per zone configuration of ds-push. This option overrides possible per policy option. Empty value is allowed for template value overriding.

Default: not set

zonemd-verify¶

On each zone load/update, verify that ZONEMD is present in the zone and valid.

NOTE:

Default: off

zonemd-generate¶

On each zone update, calculate ZONEMD and put it into the zone.

Possible values:

Default: none

serial-policy¶

Specifies how the zone serial is updated after a dynamic update or automatic DNSSEC signing. If the serial is changed by the dynamic update, no change is made.

Possible values:

NOTE:

Default: increment (unixtime for generated catalog zones)

serial-modulo¶

Specifies that the zone serials shall be congruent by specified modulo. The option value must be a string in the format R/M, where R < M <= 256 are positive integers. Whenever the zone serial is incremented, it is ensured that serial % M == R. This can be useful in the case of multiple inconsistent primaries, where distinct zone serial sequences prevent cross-master-IXFR by any secondary.

NOTE:

Default: 0/1

reverse-generate¶

This option triggers the automatic generation of reverse PTR records based on A/AAAA records in the specified zone. The entire generated zone is automatically stored in the journal.

Current limitations:

Default: none

refresh-min-interval¶

Forced minimum zone refresh interval (in seconds) to avoid flooding primary server.

Minimum: 2

Default: 2

refresh-max-interval¶

Forced maximum zone refresh interval (in seconds).

Default: not set

retry-min-interval¶

Forced minimum zone retry interval (in seconds) to avoid flooding primary server.

Minimum: 1

Default: 1

retry-max-interval¶

Forced maximum zone retry interval (in seconds).

Default: not set

expire-min-interval¶

Forced minimum zone expire interval (in seconds) to avoid flooding primary server.

Minimum: 3

Default: 3

expire-max-interval¶

Forced maximum zone expire interval (in seconds).

Default: not set

catalog-role¶

Trigger zone catalog feature. Possible values:

NOTE:

Default: none

catalog-template¶

For the catalog member zones, the specified configuration template will be applied.

Multiple catalog templates may be defined. The first one is used unless the member zone has the group property defined, matching another catalog template.

NOTE:

Default: not set

catalog-zone¶

Assign this member zone to specified generated catalog zone.

NOTE:

Default: not set

catalog-group¶

Assign this member zone to specified catalog group (configuration template).

NOTE:

Default: not set

module¶

An ordered list of references to query modules in the form of module_name or module_name/module_id. These modules apply only to the current zone queries.

Default: not set