| Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral(3pm) | User Contributed Perl Documentation | Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral(3pm) |
NAME¶
Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral -- integer points around a hexagonal spiral
SYNOPSIS¶
use Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral; my $path = Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral->new; my ($x, $y) = $path->n_to_xy (123);
DESCRIPTION¶
This path makes a hexagonal spiral, with points spread out horizontally to fit on a square grid.
28 -- 27 -- 26 -- 25 3
/ \
29 13 -- 12 -- 11 24 2
/ / \ \
30 14 4 --- 3 10 23 1
/ / / \ \ \
31 15 5 1 --- 2 9 22 <- Y=0
\ \ \ / /
32 16 6 --- 7 --- 8 21 -1
\ \ /
33 17 -- 18 -- 19 -- 20 -2
\
34 -- 35 ... -3
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Each horizontal gap is 2, so for instance n=1 is at X=0,Y=0 then n=2 is at X=2,Y=0. The diagonals are just 1 across, so n=3 is at X=1,Y=1. Each alternate row is offset from the one above or below. The result is a triangular lattice per "Triangular Lattice" in Math::PlanePath.
The octagonal numbers 8,21,40,65, etc 3*k^2-2*k fall on a horizontal straight line at Y=-1. In general straight lines are 3*k^2 + b*k + c. A plain 3*k^2 goes diagonally up to the left, then b is a 1/6 turn anti-clockwise, or clockwise if negative. So b=1 goes horizontally to the left, b=2 diagonally down to the left, b=3 diagonally down to the right, etc.
Wider¶
An optional "wider" parameter makes the path wider, stretched along the top and bottom horizontals. For example
$path = Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral->new (wider => 2);
gives
... 36----35 3
\
21----20----19----18----17 34 2
/ \ \
22 8---- 7---- 6---- 5 16 33 1
/ / \ \ \
23 9 1---- 2---- 3---- 4 15 32 <- Y=0
\ \ / /
24 10----11----12----13----14 31 -1
\ /
25----26----27----28---29----30 -2
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
The centre horizontal from N=1 is extended by "wider" many extra places, then the path loops around that shape. The starting point N=1 is shifted to the left by wider many places to keep the spiral centred on the origin X=0,Y=0. Each horizontal gap is still 2.
Each loop is still 6 longer than the previous, since the widening is basically a constant amount added into each loop.
N Start¶
The default is to number points starting N=1 as shown above. An optional "n_start" can give a different start with the same shape etc. For example to start at 0,
n_start => 0
27 26 25 24 3
28 12 11 10 23 2
29 13 3 2 9 22 1
30 14 4 0 1 8 21 <- Y=0
31 15 5 6 7 20 ... -1
32 16 17 18 19 38 -2
33 34 35 36 37 -3
^
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 X=0 1 2 3 4 5 6
In this numbering the X axis N=0,1,8,21,etc is the octagonal numbers 3*X*(X+1).
FUNCTIONS¶
See "FUNCTIONS" in Math::PlanePath for behaviour common to all path classes.
- "$path = Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral->new ()"
- "$path = Math::PlanePath::HexSpiral->new (wider => $w)"
- Create and return a new hex spiral object. An optional "wider" parameter widens the path, it defaults to 0 which is no widening.
- "($x,$y) = $path->n_to_xy ($n)"
- Return the X,Y coordinates of point number $n on
the path.
For "$n < 1" the return is an empty list, it being considered the path starts at 1.
- "$n = $path->xy_to_n ($x,$y)"
- Return the point number for coordinates
"$x,$y". $x and
$y are each rounded to the nearest integer, which
has the effect of treating each $n in the path as
a square of side 1.
Only every second square in the plane has an N, being those where X,Y both odd or both even. If "$x,$y" is a position without an N, ie. one of X,Y odd the other even, then the return is "undef".
OEIS¶
Entries in Sloane's Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences related to this path include
A328818 X coordinate
A307012 Y coordinate
A307011 (X-Y)/2
A307013 (X+Y)/2
A056105 N on X axis
A056106 N on X=Y diagonal
A056107 N on North-West diagonal
A056108 N on negative X axis
A056109 N on South-West diagonal
A003215 N on South-East diagonal
A063178 total sum N previous row or diagonal
A135711 boundary length of N hexagons
A135708 grid sticks of N hexagons
n_start=0
A001399 N positions of turns (extra initial 1)
A000567 N on X axis, octagonal numbers
A049451 N on X negative axis
A049450 N on X=Y diagonal north-east
A033428 N on north-west diagonal, 3*k^2
A045944 N on south-west diagonal, octagonal numbers second kind
A063436 N on WSW slope dX=-3,dY=-1
A028896 N on south-east diagonal
SEE ALSO¶
Math::PlanePath, Math::PlanePath::HexSpiralSkewed, Math::PlanePath::HexArms, Math::PlanePath::TriangleSpiral, Math::PlanePath::TriangularHypot
HOME PAGE¶
LICENSE¶
Copyright 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Kevin Ryde
This file is part of Math-PlanePath.
Math-PlanePath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
Math-PlanePath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with Math-PlanePath. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
| 2021-01-23 | perl v5.32.0 |