NAME¶

opam-install - Install a list of packages.

SYNOPSIS¶

opam install [OPTION]... [PACKAGES]...

DESCRIPTION¶

This command installs one or more packages inside the currently selected switch (see opam switch). Once installed, you can remove packages with opam remove, upgrade them with opam upgrade, and list them with opam list. See opam pin as well to manage package versions, reroute existing packages or add packages that are not defined in the repositories.

All required dependencies of the selected packages will be installed first. Any already installed packages having dependencies, or optional dependencies to the changed packages will be recompiled. The proposed solution may also imply removing incompatible or conflicting packages.

If paths are provided as argument instead of packages, they are assumed to point to either project source directories containing one or more package definitions (opam files), or directly to opam files. Then the corresponding packages will be pinned to their local directory and installed (unless --deps-only was specified).

ARGUMENTS¶

PACKAGES

List of package names, with an optional version or constraint, e.g `pkg', `pkg.1.0' or `pkg>=0.5' ; or files or directory names containing package description, with explicit directory (e.g. `./foo.opam' or `.')

OPTIONS¶

--assume-built

For use on locally-pinned packages: assume they have already been correctly built, and only run their installation instructions, directly from their source directory. This skips the build instructions and can be useful to install packages that are being worked on. Implies --inplace-build. No locally-pinned packages will be skipped.

--deps-only

Install all its dependencies, but don't actually install the package.

--destdir=DIR

Copy the files installed by the given package within the current opam switch below the prefix DIR, respecting their hierarchy, after installation. Caution, calling this can overwrite, but never remove files, even if they were installed by a previous use of --destdir, e.g. on a previous version of the same package. See opam remove --destdir to revert.

-j JOBS, --jobs=JOBS

Set the maximal number of concurrent jobs to use. The default value is calculated from the number of cores. You can also set it using the $OPAMJOBS environment variable.

--restore

Attempt to restore packages that were marked for installation but have been removed due to errors

--set-root

Mark given packages as installed roots. This is the default for newly manually-installed packages.

--unset-root

Mark given packages as "installed automatically".

PACKAGE BUILD OPTIONS¶

-b, --keep-build-dir

Keep the build directories after compiling packages. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMKEEPBUILDDIR to "true".

-d, --with-doc, --build-doc

Build the package documentation. This only affects packages listed on the command-line. The --build-doc form is deprecated as this does also installation. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMWITHDOC (or the deprecated $OPAMBUILDDOC) to "true".

--dry-run

Simulate the command, but don't actually perform any changes.

--fake

This option registers the actions into the opam database, without actually performing them. WARNING: This option is dangerous and likely to break your opam environment. You probably want `--dry-run'. You've been warned.

--ignore-constraints-on[=PACKAGES] (default=)

Forces opam to ignore version constraints on all dependencies to the listed packages. This can be used to test compatibility, but expect builds to break when using this. Note that version constraints on optional dependencies and conflicts are unaffected.

--inplace-build

When compiling a package which has its source bound to a local directory, process the build and install actions directly in that directory, rather than in a clean copy handled by opam. This only affects packages that are explicitly listed on the command-line. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMINPLACEBUILD to "true".

--locked[=SUFFIX] (default=locked)

In commands that use opam files found from pinned sources, if a variant of the file with an added .SUFFIX extension is found (e.g. foo.opam.locked besides foo.opam), that will be used instead. This is typically useful to offer a more specific set of dependencies and reproduce similar build contexts, hence the name. The opam lock plugin can be used to generate such files, based on the versions of the dependencies currently installed on the host. This is equivalent to setting the $OPAMLOCK environment variable. Note that this option doesn't generally affect already pinned packages.

-m MAKE, --make=MAKE

Use MAKE as the default 'make' command. Deprecated: use opam config set[-global] make MAKE instead. Has no effect if the make variable is defined.

--no-checksums

Do not verify the checksum of downloaded archives.This is equivalent to setting $OPAMNOCHECKSUMS to "true".

--require-checksums

Reject the installation of packages that don't provide a checksum for the upstream archives. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMREQUIRECHECKSUMS to "true".

--reuse-build-dir

Reuse existing build directories (kept by using --keep-build-dir), instead of compiling from a fresh clone of the source. This can be faster, but also lead to failures if the build systems of the packages don't handle upgrades of dependencies well. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMREUSEBUILDDIR to "true".

--show-actions

Call the solver and display the actions. Don't perform any changes.

--skip-updates

When running an install, upgrade or reinstall on source-pinned packages, they are normally updated from their origin first. This flag disables that behaviour and will keep them to their version in cache.

-t, --with-test, --build-test

Build and run the package unit-tests. This only affects packages listed on the command-line. The --build-test form is deprecated as this also affects installation. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMWITHTEST (or the deprecated $OPAMBUILDTEST) to "true".

--unlock-base

Allow changes to the packages set as switch base (typically, the main compiler). Use with caution.

COMMON OPTIONS¶

These options are common to all commands.

--best-effort

Don't fail if all requested packages can't be installed: try to install as many as possible. Note that not all external solvers may support this option (recent versions of aspcud or mccs should).

--color=WHEN

Colorize the output. WHEN must be one of `always', `never' or `auto'.

--criteria=CRITERIA

Specify user preferences for dependency solving for this run. Overrides both $OPAMCRITERIA and $OPAMUPGRADECRITERIA. For details on the supported language, and the external solvers available, see http://opam.ocaml.org/doc/Specifying_Solver_Preferences.html. A general guide to using solver preferences can be found at http://www.dicosmo.org/Articles/usercriteria.pdf.

--cudf=FILENAME

Debug option: Save the CUDF requests sent to the solver to FILENAME-<n>.cudf.

--debug

Print debug message to stderr. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMDEBUG to "true".

--debug-level=LEVEL

Like --debug, but allows specifying the debug level (--debug sets it to 1). Equivalent to setting $OPAMDEBUG to a positive integer.

--git-version

Print the git version of opam, if set (i.e. you are using a development version), and exit.

--help[=FMT] (default=auto)

Show this help in format FMT. The value FMT must be one of `auto', `pager', `groff' or `plain'. With `auto', the format is `pager` or `plain' whenever the TERM env var is `dumb' or undefined.

--ignore-pin-depends

Ignore extra pins required by packages that get pinned, either manually through opam pin or through opam install DIR. This is equivalent to setting IGNOREPINDEPENDS=true.

--json=FILENAME

Save the results of the opam run in a computer-readable file. If the filename contains the character `%', it will be replaced by an index that doesn't overwrite an existing file. Similar to setting the $OPAMJSON variable.

--no-auto-upgrade

When configuring or updating a repository that is written for an earlier opam version (1.2), opam internally converts it to the current format. This disables this behaviour. Note that repositories should define their format version in a 'repo' file at their root, or they will be assumed to be in the older format. It is, in any case, preferable to upgrade the repositories manually using opam admin upgrade [--mirror URL] when possible.

--no-self-upgrade

Opam will replace itself with a newer binary found at OPAMROOT/opam if present. This disables this behaviour.

-q, --quiet

Disables --verbose.

--root=ROOT

Use ROOT as the current root path. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMROOT to ROOT.

--safe, --readonly

Make sure nothing will be automatically updated or rewritten. Useful for calling from completion scripts, for example. Will fail whenever such an operation is needed ; also avoids waiting for locks, skips interactive questions and overrides the $OPAMDEBUG variable.

--solver=CMD

Specify the CUDF solver to use for resolving package installation problems. This is either a predefined solver (this version of opam supports builtin-dummy-solver, aspcud, mccs, aspcud-old, packup), or a custom command that should contain the variables %{input}%, %{output}%, %{criteria}%, and optionally %{timeout}%.

--strict

Fail whenever an error is found in a package definition or a configuration file. The default is to continue silently if possible.

--switch=SWITCH

Use SWITCH as the current compiler switch. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMSWITCH to SWITCH.

--use-internal-solver, --no-aspcud

Disable any external solver, and use the built-in one (this requires that opam has been compiled with a built-in solver).

-v, --verbose

Be more verbose. One -v shows all package commands, repeat to also display commands called internally (e.g. tar, curl, patch etc.) Repeating n times is equivalent to setting $OPAMVERBOSE to "n".

--version

Show version information.

-w, --working-dir

Whenever updating packages that are bound to a local, version-controlled directory, update to the current working state of their source instead of the last committed state, or the ref they are pointing to. This only affects packages explicitly listed on the command-line.

-y, --yes

Answer yes to all yes/no questions without prompting. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMYES to "true".

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES¶

Opam makes use of the environment variables listed here. Boolean variables should be set to "0", "no", "false" or the empty string to disable, "1", "yes" or "true" to enable.

OPAMCOLOR, when set to always or never, sets a default value for the --color option.

OPAMCRITERIA specifies user preferences for dependency solving. The default value depends on the solver version, use `config report` to know the current setting. See also option --criteria

OPAMCURL can be used to select a given 'curl' program. See OPAMFETCH for more options.

OPAMDEBUG see options `--debug' and `--debug-level'.

OPAMDOWNLOADJOBS sets the maximum number of simultaneous downloads.

OPAMERRLOGLEN sets the number of log lines printed when a sub-process fails. 0 to print all.

OPAMEXTERNALSOLVER see option `--solver'.

OPAMFETCH specifies how to download files: either `wget', `curl' or a custom command where variables %{url}%, %{out}%, %{retry}%, %{compress}% and %{checksum}% will be replaced. Overrides the 'download-command' value from the main config file.

OPAMJOBS sets the maximum number of parallel workers to run.

OPAMJSON log json output to the given file (use character `%' to index the files)

OPAMLOCK see option `--lock'.

OPAMNOAUTOUPGRADE disables automatic internal upgrade of repositories in an earlier format to the current one, on 'update' or 'init'.

OPAMKEEPLOGS tells opam to not remove some temporary command logs and some backups. This skips some finalisers and may also help to get more reliable backtraces

OPAMLOCKRETRIES sets the number of tries after which OPAM gives up acquiring its lock and fails. <= 0 means infinite wait.

OPAMNO answer no to any question asked.

OPAMNOASPCUD see option `--no-aspcud'.

OPAMNOSELFUPGRADE see option `--no-self-upgrade'.

OPAMPINKINDAUTO sets whether version control systems should be detected when pinning to a local path. Enabled by default since 1.3.0.

OPAMREQUIRECHECKSUMS Enables option `--require-checksums' when available (e.g. for `opam install`).

OPAMRETRY sets the number of tries before failing downloads.

OPAMROOT see option `--root'. This is automatically set by `opam env --root=DIR --set-root'.

OPAMROOTISOK don't complain when running as root.

OPAMSAFE see option `--safe'

OPAMSKIPVERSIONCHECKS bypasses some version checks. Unsafe, for compatibility testing only.

OPAMSOLVERTIMEOUT change the time allowance of the solver. Default is 60.0, set to 0 for unlimited. Note that all solvers may not support this option.

OPAMSTATUSLINE display a dynamic status line showing what's currently going on on the terminal. (one of one of `always', `never' or `auto')

OPAMSWITCH see option `--switch'. Automatically set by `opam env --switch=SWITCH --set-switch'.

OPAMUPGRADECRITERIA specifies user preferences for dependency solving when performing an upgrade. Overrides OPAMCRITERIA in upgrades if both are set. See also option --criteria

OPAMUSEINTERNALSOLVER see option `--use-internal-solver'.

OPAMUTF8 use UTF8 characters in output (one of one of `always', `never' or `auto'). By default `auto', which is determined from the locale).

OPAMUTF8MSGS use extended UTF8 characters (camels) in opam messages. Implies OPAMUTF8. This is set by default on OSX only.

OPAMVAR_var overrides the contents of the variable var when substituting `%{var}%` strings in `opam` files.

OPAMVAR_package_var overrides the contents of the variable package:var when substituting `%{package:var}%` strings in `opam` files.

OPAMVERBOSE see option `--verbose'.

OPAMYES see option `--yes'.

EXIT STATUS¶

As an exception to the following, the `exec' command returns 127 if the command was not found or couldn't be executed, and the command's exit value otherwise.

0

Success, or true for boolean queries.

1

False. Returned when a boolean return value is expected, e.g. when running with --check, or for queries like opam lint.

2

Bad command-line arguments, or command-line arguments pointing to an invalid context (e.g. file not following the expected format).

5

Not found. You requested something (package, version, repository, etc.) that couldn't be found.

10

Aborted. The operation required confirmation, which wasn't given.

15

Could not acquire the locks required for the operation.

20

There is no solution to the user request. This can be caused by asking to install two incompatible packages, for example.

30

Error in package definition, or other metadata files. Using --strict raises this error more often.

31

Package script error. Some package operations were unsuccessful. This may be an error in the packages or an incompatibility with your system. This can be a partial error.

40

Sync error. Could not fetch some remotes from the network. This can be a partial error.

50

Configuration error. Opam or system configuration doesn't allow operation, and needs fixing.

60

Solver failure. The solver failed to return a sound answer. It can be due to a broken external solver, or an error in solver configuration.

99

Internal error. Something went wrong, likely due to a bug in opam itself.

130

User interrupt. SIGINT was received, generally due to the user pressing Ctrl-C.

FURTHER DOCUMENTATION¶

See https://opam.ocaml.org/doc.

AUTHORS¶

Vincent Bernardoff <vb@luminar.eu.org>

Raja Boujbel <raja.boujbel@ocamlpro.com>

Roberto Di Cosmo <roberto@dicosmo.org>

Thomas Gazagnaire <thomas@gazagnaire.org>

Louis Gesbert <louis.gesbert@ocamlpro.com>

Fabrice Le Fessant <Fabrice.Le_fessant@inria.fr>

Anil Madhavapeddy <anil@recoil.org>

Guillem Rieu <guillem.rieu@ocamlpro.com>

Ralf Treinen <ralf.treinen@pps.jussieu.fr>

Frederic Tuong <tuong@users.gforge.inria.fr>

BUGS¶

Check bug reports at https://github.com/ocaml/opam/issues.