OPTIONS¶
The following options are understood:
--no-ask-password
Do not query the user for authentication for privileged
operations.
-p, --property=
When showing session/user/seat properties, limit display
to certain properties as specified as argument. If not specified, all set
properties are shown. The argument should be a property name, such as
"Sessions". If specified more than once, all properties with the
specified names are shown.
--value
When showing session/user/seat properties, only print the
value, and skip the property name and "=".
Added in version 230.
-a, --all
When showing session/user/seat properties, show all
properties regardless of whether they are set or not.
-l, --full
Do not ellipsize process tree entries.
Added in version 198.
--kill-whom=
When used with
kill-session, choose which
processes to kill. Takes one of "leader" or "all", to
select whether to kill only the leader process of the session or all processes
of the session. If omitted, defaults to
all.
Added in version 252.
-s, --signal=
When used with
kill-session or
kill-user,
choose which signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the well
known signal specifiers, such as
SIGTERM,
SIGINT or
SIGSTOP. If omitted, defaults to
SIGTERM.
The special value "help" will list the known values and
the program will exit immediately, and the special value "list"
will list known values along with the numerical signal numbers and the
program will exit immediately.
-n, --lines=
When used with
user-status and
session-status, controls the number of journal lines to show, counting
from the most recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument. Defaults to 10.
Added in version 219.
-o, --output=
When used with
user-status and
session-status, controls the formatting of the journal entries that are
shown. For the available choices, see
journalctl(1). Defaults to
"short".
Added in version 219.
-H, --host=
Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a
username and hostname separated by "@", to connect to. The hostname
may optionally be suffixed by a port ssh is listening on, separated by
":", and then a container name, separated by "/", which
connects directly to a specific container on the specified host. This will use
SSH to talk to the remote machine manager instance. Container names may be
enumerated with machinectl -H HOST. Put IPv6 addresses in
brackets.
-M, --machine=
Execute operation on a local container. Specify a
container name to connect to, optionally prefixed by a user name to connect as
and a separating "@" character. If the special string
".host" is used in place of the container name, a connection to the
local system is made (which is useful to connect to a specific user's user
bus: "--user --machine=lennart@.host"). If the "@" syntax
is not used, the connection is made as root user. If the "@" syntax
is used either the left hand side or the right hand side may be omitted (but
not both) in which case the local user name and ".host" are
implied.
--no-pager
Do not pipe output into a pager.
--no-legend
Do not print the legend, i.e. column headers and the
footer with hints.
--json=MODE
Shows output formatted as JSON. Expects one of
"short" (for the shortest possible output without any redundant
whitespace or line breaks), "pretty" (for a pretty version of the
same, with indentation and line breaks) or "off" (to turn off JSON
output, the default).
-j
Equivalent to --json=pretty if running on a
terminal, and --json=short otherwise.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
ENVIRONMENT¶
$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL
The maximum log level of emitted messages (messages with
a higher log level, i.e. less important ones, will be suppressed). Takes a
comma-separated list of values. A value may be either one of (in order of
decreasing importance)
emerg,
alert,
crit,
err,
warning,
notice,
info,
debug, or an integer in the
range 0...7. See
syslog(3) for more information. Each value may
optionally be prefixed with one of
console,
syslog,
kmsg
or
journal followed by a colon to set the maximum log level for that
specific log target (e.g.
SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug,console:info
specifies to log at debug level except when logging to the console which
should be at info level). Note that the global maximum log level takes
priority over any per target maximum log levels.
$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR
A boolean. If true, messages written to the tty will be
colored according to priority.
This setting is only useful when messages are written directly to
the terminal, because journalctl(1) and other tools that display logs
will color messages based on the log level on their own.
$SYSTEMD_LOG_TIME
A boolean. If true, console log messages will be prefixed
with a timestamp.
This setting is only useful when messages are written directly to
the terminal or a file, because journalctl(1) and other tools that
display logs will attach timestamps based on the entry metadata on their
own.
$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION
A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with a
filename and line number in the source code where the message originates.
Note that the log location is often attached as metadata to
journal entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can
nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
$SYSTEMD_LOG_TID
A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with the
current numerical thread ID (TID).
Note that the this information is attached as metadata to journal
entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can nevertheless
be convenient when debugging programs.
$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET
The destination for log messages. One of
console
(log to the attached tty),
console-prefixed (log to the attached tty
but with prefixes encoding the log level and "facility", see
syslog(3),
kmsg (log to the kernel circular log buffer),
journal (log to the journal),
journal-or-kmsg (log to the
journal if available, and to kmsg otherwise),
auto (determine the
appropriate log target automatically, the default),
null (disable log
output).
$SYSTEMD_LOG_RATELIMIT_KMSG
Whether to ratelimit kmsg or not. Takes a boolean.
Defaults to "true". If disabled, systemd will not ratelimit messages
written to kmsg.
$SYSTEMD_PAGER
Pager to use when
--no-pager is not given;
overrides
$PAGER. If neither
$SYSTEMD_PAGER nor
$PAGER
are set, a set of well-known pager implementations are tried in turn,
including
less(1) and
more(1), until one is found. If no pager
implementation is discovered no pager is invoked. Setting this environment
variable to an empty string or the value "cat" is equivalent to
passing
--no-pager.
Note: if $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set,
$SYSTEMD_PAGER (as well as $PAGER) will be silently
ignored.
$SYSTEMD_LESS
Override the options passed to
less (by default
"FRSXMK").
Users might want to change two options in particular:
K
This option instructs the pager to exit immediately when
Ctrl+C is pressed. To allow
less to handle Ctrl+C itself to switch back
to the pager command prompt, unset this option.
If the value of $SYSTEMD_LESS does not include
"K", and the pager that is invoked is less, Ctrl+C will be
ignored by the executable, and needs to be handled by the pager.
X
This option instructs the pager to not send termcap
initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal. It is set by
default to allow command output to remain visible in the terminal even after
the pager exits. Nevertheless, this prevents some pager functionality from
working, in particular paged output cannot be scrolled with the mouse.
Note that setting the regular $LESS environment variable
has no effect for less invocations by systemd tools.
See less(1) for more discussion.
$SYSTEMD_LESSCHARSET
Override the charset passed to
less (by default
"utf-8", if the invoking terminal is determined to be UTF-8
compatible).
Note that setting the regular $LESSCHARSET environment
variable has no effect for less invocations by systemd tools.
$SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE
Takes a boolean argument. When true, the
"secure" mode of the pager is enabled; if false, disabled. If
$SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set at all, secure mode is enabled if the
effective UID is not the same as the owner of the login session, see
geteuid(2) and
sd_pid_get_owner_uid(3). In secure mode,
LESSSECURE=1 will be set when invoking the pager, and the pager shall
disable commands that open or create new files or start new subprocesses. When
$SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE is not set at all, pagers which are not known to
implement secure mode will not be used. (Currently only
less(1)
implements secure mode.)
Note: when commands are invoked with elevated privileges, for
example under sudo(8) or pkexec(1), care must be taken to
ensure that unintended interactive features are not enabled.
"Secure" mode for the pager may be enabled automatically as
describe above. Setting SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE=0 or not removing it from
the inherited environment allows the user to invoke arbitrary commands. Note
that if the $SYSTEMD_PAGER or $PAGER variables are to be
honoured, $SYSTEMD_PAGERSECURE must be set too. It might be
reasonable to completely disable the pager using --no-pager
instead.
$SYSTEMD_COLORS
Takes a boolean argument. When true, systemd and
related utilities will use colors in their output, otherwise the output will
be monochrome. Additionally, the variable can take one of the following
special values: "16", "256" to restrict the use of colors
to the base 16 or 256 ANSI colors, respectively. This can be specified to
override the automatic decision based on $TERM and what the console is
connected to.
$SYSTEMD_URLIFY
The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable
links should be generated in the output for terminal emulators supporting
this. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd makes
based on $TERM and other conditions.
