access¶

Choose and configure an access method to access package repositories.

By default, dselect provides several methods such as media, file or ftp, but other packages may provide additional methods, for example the apt access method provided by the apt(8) package.

The use of the apt access method is strongly recommended.

update¶

Refresh the available packages database.

Retrieves a list of available package versions from the package repository, configured for the current access method, and update the dpkg database. The package lists are commonly provided by the repository as files named Packages or Packages.gz. These files can be generated by repository maintainers, using the program dpkg-scanpackages(1).

Details of the update command depend on the access method's implementation. Normally the process is straightforward and requires no user interaction.

select¶

View or manage package selections and dependencies.

This is the main function of dselect. In the select screen, the user can review a list of all available and installed packages. When run with administrator privileges, it is also possible to interactively change packages selection state. dselect tracks the implications of these changes to other depending or conflicting packages.

When a conflict or failed depends is detected, a dependency resolution subscreen is prompted to the user. In this screen, a list of conflicting or depending packages is shown, and for each package listed, the reason for its listing is shown. The user may apply the suggestions proposed by dselect, override them, or back out all the changes, including the ones that created the unresolved depends or conflicts.

The use of the interactive package selections management screen is explained in more detail below.

install¶

Installs selected packages.

The configured access method will fetch installable or upgradable packages from the relevant repositories and install these using dpkg. Depending on the implementation of the access method, all packages can be prefetched before installation, or fetched when needed. Some access methods may also remove packages that were marked for removal.

If an error occurred during install, it is usually advisable to run install again. In most cases, the problems will disappear or be solved. If problems persist or the installation performed was incorrect, please investigate into the causes and circumstances, and file a bug in the Debian bug tracking system. Instructions on how to do this can be found at <https://bugs.debian.org/> or by reading the documentation for bug(1) or reportbug(1), if these are installed.

Details of the install command depend on the access method's implementation. The user's attention and input may be required during installation, configuration or removal of packages. This depends on the maintainer scripts in the package. Some packages make use of the debconf(1) library, allowing for more flexible or even automated installation setups.

config¶

Configures any previously installed, but not fully configured packages.

remove¶

Removes or purges installed packages, that are marked for removal.

quit¶

Quit dselect.

Exits the program with zero (successful) error code.

Introduction¶

dselect directly exposes the administrator to some of the complexities involved with managing large sets of packages with many interdependencies. For a user who is unfamiliar with the concepts and the ways of the Debian package management system, it can be quite overwhelming. Although dselect is aimed at easing package management and administration, it is only instrumental in doing so and cannot be assumed to be a sufficient substitute for administrator skill and understanding. The user is required to be familiar with the concepts underlying the Debian packaging system. In case of doubt, consult the dpkg(1) manual page and the distribution policy.

Unless dselect is run in expert or immediate mode, a help screen is first displayed when choosing this command from the menu. The user is strongly advised to study all of the information presented in the online help screens, when one pops up. The online help screens can at any time be invoked with the ‘?’ key.

Screen layout¶

The select screen is by default split in a top and a bottom half. The top half shows a list of packages. A cursor bar can select an individual package, or a group of packages, if applicable, by selecting the group header. The bottom half of the screen shows some details about the package currently selected in the top half of the screen. The type of detail that is displayed can be varied.

Pressing the ‘I’ key toggles a full-screen display of the packages list, an enlarged view of the package details, or the equally split screen.

Package details view¶

The package details view by default shows the extended package description for the package that is currently selected in the packages status list. The type of detail can be toggled by pressing the ‘i’ key. This alternates between:

• the extended description
• the control information for the installed version
• the control information for the available version

In a dependency resolution screen, there is also the possibility of viewing the specific unresolved depends or conflicts related to the package and causing it to be listed.

Packages status list¶

The main select screen displays a list of all packages known to the Debian package management system. This includes packages installed on the system and packages known from the available packages database.

For every package, the list shows the package's status, priority, section, installed and available architecture, installed and available versions, the package name and its short description, all in one line. By pressing the ‘A’ key, the display of the installed and available architecture can be toggled between on an off. By pressing the ‘V’ key, the display of the installed and available version can be toggled between on an off. By pressing the ‘v’ key, the package status display is toggled between verbose and shorthand. Shorthand display is the default.

The shorthand status indication consists of four parts: an error flag, which should normally be clear, the current status, the last selection state and the current selection state. The first two relate to the actual state of the package, the second pair are about the selections set by the user.

These are the meanings of the shorthand package status indicator codes:

Cursor and screen movement¶

The package selection list and the dependency conflict resolution screens can be navigated using motion commands mapped to the following keys:

Searching and sorting¶

The list of packages can be searched by package name. This is done by pressing ‘/’, and typing a simple search string. The string is interpreted as a regex(7) regular expression. If you add ‘/d’ to the search expression, dselect will also search in descriptions. If you add ‘/i’ the search will be case insensitive. You may combine these two suffixes like this: ‘/id’. Repeated searching is accomplished by repeatedly pressing the ‘n’ or ‘\’ keys, until the wanted package is found. If the search reaches the bottom of the list, it wraps to the top and continues searching from there.

The list sort order can be varied by pressing the ‘o’ and ‘O’ keys repeatedly. The following nine sort orderings can be selected:

Where not listed above explicitly, alphabetic order is used as the final subordering sort key.

Altering selections¶

The requested selection state of individual packages may be altered with the following commands:

When the change request results in one or more unsatisfied depends or conflicts, dselect prompts the user with a dependency resolution screen. This will be further explained below.

It is also possible to apply these commands to groups of package selections, by pointing the cursor bar onto a group header. The exact grouping of packages is dependent on the current list ordering settings.

Proper care should be taken when altering large groups of selections, because this can instantaneously create large numbers of unresolved depends or conflicts, all of which will be listed in one dependency resolution screen, making them very hard to handle. In practice, only hold and unhold operations are useful when applied to groups.

Resolving depends and conflicts¶

When the change request results in one or more unsatisfied depends or conflicts, dselect prompts the user with a dependency resolution screen. First however, an informative help screen is displayed.

The top half of this screen lists all the packages that will have unresolved depends or conflicts, as a result of the requested change, and all the packages whose installation can resolve any of these depends or whose removal can resolve any of the conflicts. The bottom half defaults to show the depends or conflicts that cause the currently selected package to be listed.

When the sublist of packages is displayed initially, dselect may have already set the requested selection status of some of the listed packages, in order to resolve the depends or conflicts that caused the dependency resolution screen to be displayed. Usually, it is best to follow up the suggestions made by dselect.

The listed packages' selection state may be reverted to the original settings, as they were before the unresolved depends or conflicts were created, by pressing the ‘R’ key. By pressing the ‘D’ key, the automatic suggestions are reset, but the change that caused the dependency resolution screen to be prompted is kept as requested. Finally, by pressing ‘U’, the selections are again set to the automatic suggestion values.

Establishing the requested selections¶

By pressing enter, the currently displayed set of selections is accepted. If dselect detects no unresolved depends as a result of the requested selections, the new selections will be set. However, if there are any unresolved depends, dselect will again prompt the user with a dependency resolution screen.

To alter a set of selections that creates unresolved depends or conflicts and forcing dselect to accept it, press the ‘Q’ key. This sets the selections as specified by the user, unconditionally. Generally, don't do this unless you've read the fine print.

The opposite effect, to back out any selections change requests and go back to the previous list of selections, is attained by pressing the ‘X’ or escape keys. By repeatedly pressing these keys, any possibly detrimental changes to the requested package selections can be backed out completely to the last established settings.

If you mistakenly establish some settings and wish to revert all the selections to what is currently installed on the system, press the ‘C’ key. This is somewhat similar to using the unhold command on all packages, but provides a more obvious panic button in cases where the user pressed enter by accident.