table of contents
- NAME
- OVERVIEW
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- ANATOMY OF A WINDOW
- THE VIRTUAL DESKTOP
- RANDR MULTI-SCREEN SUPPORT
- DESKTOP BEHAVIOUR
- INITIALIZATION
- COMPILATION OPTIONS
- ICONS AND IMAGES
- MODULES
- ICCCM COMPLIANCE
- EXTENDED WINDOW MANAGER HINTS
- CONFIGURATION
- FONTS
- BI-DIRECTIONAL TEXT
- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
- SESSION MANAGEMENT
- BOOLEAN ARGUMENTS
- BUILTIN KEY AND MOUSE BINDINGS
- COMMAND EXECUTION
- QUOTING
- COMMAND EXPANSION
- SCRIPTING AND COMPLEX FUNCTIONS
- MENUS
- LIST OF FVWM COMMANDS
- ENVIRONMENT
- AUTHORS
- COPYRIGHT
- BUGS
| FVWM3ALL(1) | FVWM3ALL(1) |
NAME¶
fvwm3all - F? Virtual Window Manager for X11 - meta-man page
OVERVIEW¶
fvwm3 contains many features. Because of this, the documentation is split into a number of different sections. This man page contains all those sections which can also be found in these separate manpages:
fvwm3commands builtin fvwm3commands.
fvwm3menus commands/options relating to fvwm3menus.
fvwm3styles style options for handling windows, menus, etc.
SYNOPSIS¶
fvwm3 [-c config-command] [-d displayname] [-f config-file] [-o logfile] [-v]
DESCRIPTION¶
Fvwm is a window manager for X11 optimised for speed.
Fvwm is intended to have a small memory footprint and is extremely customizable and extendible. A large virtual desktop and multiple disjoint desktops can be used separately or together. The virtual desktop pretends that the video screen is really quite large, and you can scroll around within the desktop. The multiple disjoint desktops pretend there are really several screens to work at, but each screen is completely unrelated to the others.
Fvwm provides keyboard accelerators that allow one to perform practically all window manager functions, including moving and resizing windows and operating the menus, using keyboard shortcuts.
Fvwm does not distinguish between configuration and action commands. Configuration commands typically set fonts, colors, menu contents, and key and mouse function bindings, while action commands do things like raising and lowering windows. Fvwm makes no such distinction and allows anything to be changed at any time.
OPTIONS¶
These are the command line options that are recognized by fvwm:
-i | --clientid id
-c | --cmd config-command
Any module started by command line arguments is assumed to be a module that sends back config commands. All command line modules have to quit before fvwm proceeds on to the StartFunction and setting border decorations and styles. There is a potential deadlock if you start a module other than FvwmPerl but there is a timeout so fvwm eventually gets going.
As an example, starting the pager this way hangs fvwm until the timeout, but the following should work well:
fvwm -c "AddToFunc StartFunction I Module FvwmPager"
-d | --display displayname
-f config-file
-o logfile
-h | --help
-r | --replace
-F | --restore state-file
-V | --version
-C | --visual visual-class
-I | --visualid id
-l | --color-limit limit
Display depth 8 (256 colors)
PseudoColor: 68 (4x4x4 color cube + 4 grey) GrayScale: 64 regular grey DirectColor: 32 (3x3x3 color cube + 5 grey)
Display depth 4 (16 colors)
PseudoColor: 10 (2x2x2 color cube + 2 grey) GrayScale: 8 regular grey DirectColor: 10 (2x2x2 color cube + 2 grey)
Note that if you use a private color map (i.e., fvwm is started with the -C or the -I options), then other defaults are used.
Now what to do if you encounter problems with colors? The first thing to do is to check if you really cannot run your X server with depth 15, 16 or better. Check your X server documentation. Note that some hardware can support two different depths on the same screen (typically depth 8 and depth 24). If depth 8 is the default, you can force fvwm to use the best depth by using the -C option with TrueColor as argument. So now we assume that you are forced to run in depth 8 with a dynamic visual because your hardware/driver cannot do better or because you need to use an application which needs to run under this mode (e.g., because this application needs read-write colors). What it should be understand is that you have only 256 colors and that all the applications which use the default color map must share these colors. The main problem is that there are applications which use a lot or even all the colors. If you use such application you may have no more free colors and some applications (which used only a few colors) may fail to start or are unusable. There are three things that can be done (and fvwm does not really play a particular role, all applications are concerned). The first is to run the applications which waste your (default) color map with a private color map. For example, run netscape with the -install option, run KDE or QT applications with the --cmap option, use the -C option for fvwm. The disadvantage of this method is that it is visually disturbing (see the ColormapFocus command for a better control of the color maps switching). The second method is to limit the number of colors that the applications use. Again, some applications have options to specify a given color limit. With fvwm you may try various values, 61 (a special "visual" palette), 56 (a 4x4x3 color cube plus 6 grey), 29 (a 3x3x3 color cube plus 2 grey), 10 or 9. Also, you may use the -L option. However, limiting the number of colors is not the definitive solution. The definitive solution is to try cause applications which use a lot of colors use the same colors. This is a difficult task as there are no formal standards for this goal. However, some toolkits as QT and GTK use color cubes as palettes. So, the idea is to configure your applications/toolkits to all use the same color cube. Moreover, you can use the colors in this color cube in your X resources configuration files and/or as arguments to colors options. Fvwm can use any color cube of the form RxGxB with 2 ⇐ R ⇐ 6, R = G, R-1 =< B ⇐ R and B >= 2. To get an RxGxB color cube give an argument to -l an integer c >= R*G*B and < (R+1)(G+1)*B if B=R and < R*G(B+1) if B < R (and different from 61). If c > R*G*B, then some grey may be added to the color cube. You can use the PrintInfo Colors [1] command to get information on your fvwm colors setting. In particular, this command prints the palette used by fvwm in rgb format (the last integer gives the number of times fvwm has allocated the colors).
-L | --strict-color-limit
-P | --visual-palette
-A | --allocate-palette
-S | --static-palette
--debug-stack-ring
-v | --verbose
Logging can also be dynamically toggled on and off using signals:
SIGUSR1 : used as a signal to restart Fvwm SIGUSR2 : used as a signal to toggle opening/closing debug log file
ANATOMY OF A WINDOW¶
Fvwm puts a decorative border around most windows. This border consists of a bar on each side and a small L-shaped section on each corner. There is an additional top bar called the title-bar which is used to display the name of the window. In addition, there are up to 10 title-bar buttons. The top, side, and bottom bars are collectively known as the side-bars. The corner pieces are called the frame.
With the built-in minimal configuration, dragging mouse button 1 in the frame or side-bars begins a resize operation on the window. Dragging mouse button 2 in the frame or side-bars begins a move operation. There are raise/lower operations bound to a single clicking on borders. Similarly for the window title.
Up to ten title-bar buttons may exist. Their use is completely user definable. One popular configuration uses one button on the left that is used to bring up a list of window options and two buttons on the right used to iconify and maximize the window. Another popular configuration adds a close button to the right. The number of title-bar buttons used depends on which ones have mouse actions bound to them. See the Mouse command.
THE VIRTUAL DESKTOP¶
Fvwm provides multiple virtual desktops for users who wish to use them. The screen is a viewport onto a desktop which may be larger than the screen. Several distinct desktops can be accessed (concept: one desktop for each project, or one desktop for each application, when view applications are distinct). Since each desktop can be larger than the physical screen, divided into m by n pages which are each the size of the physical screen, windows which are larger than the screen or large groups of related windows can easily be viewed.
The (m by n) size (i.e. number of pages) of the virtual desktops can be changed any time, by using the DesktopSize command. All virtual desktops must be (are) the same size. The total number of distinct desktops does not need to be specified, but is limited to approximately 4 billion total. All windows on a range of desktops can be viewed in the FvwmPager, a miniature view of the desktops. The pager is an accessory program, called a module, which is not essential for the window manager to operate. Windows may also be listed using the WindowList command or the FvwmIconMan module.
Fvwm keeps the windows on the desktop in a layered stacking order; a window in a lower layer never obscures a window in a higher layer. The layer of a window can be changed by using the Layer command. The concept of layers is a generalization of the StaysOnTop flag of older fvwm versions. The StaysOnTop and StaysPut Style options are now implemented by putting the windows in suitable layers and the previously missing StaysOnBottom Style option has been added.
Sticky windows are windows which transcend the virtual desktop by "Sticking to the screen’s glass". They always stay put on the screen. This is convenient for things like clocks and xbiffs, so you only need to run one such gadget and it always stays with you. Icons can also be made to stick to the glass, if desired.
Window geometries are specified relative to the current viewport. That is:
xterm -geometry +0+0
creates a window in the upper left hand corner of the visible portion of the screen. It is permissible to specify geometries which place windows on the virtual desktop, but off the screen. For example, if the visible screen is 1000 by 1000 pixels, and the desktop size is 3x3, and the current viewport is at the upper left hand corner of the desktop, invoking:
xterm -geometry +1000+1000
places a window just off of the lower right hand corner of the screen. It can be found by moving the mouse to the lower right hand corner of the screen and waiting for it to scroll into view. A geometry specified as something like:
xterm -geometry -5-5
places the window’s lower right hand corner 5 pixels from the lower right corner of the visible portion of the screen. Not all applications support window geometries with negative offsets. Some applications place the window’s upper right hand corner 5 pixels above and to the left of the upper left hand corner of the screen; others may do just plain bizarre things.
There is a fvwm-specific extension to geometry strings which can also enforce the geometry is relative to the given screen. For example:
xterm -geometry +0+0@n
Where 'n' can be one of a RandR monitor name, or an assigned monitor number. For more details, see the RANDR SUPPORT section.
There are several ways to cause a window to map onto a desktop or page other than the currently active one. The geometry technique mentioned above (specifying x,y coordinates larger than the physical screen size), however, suffers from the limitation of being interpreted relative to the current viewport: the window may not consistently appear on a specific page, unless you always invoke the application from the same page.
A better way to place windows on a different page, screen or desk from the currently mapped viewport is to use the StartsOnPage or StartsOnScreen style specification (the successors to the older StartsOnDesk style) in your config file. The placement is consistent: it does not depend on your current location on the virtual desktop.
Some applications that understand standard Xt command line arguments and X resources, like xterm and xfontsel, allow the user to specify the start-up desk or page on the command line:
xterm -xrm "*Desk:1"
starts an xterm on desk number 1;
xterm -xrm "*Page:3 2 1"
starts an xterm two pages to the right and one down from the upper left hand page of desk number 3. Not all applications understand the use of these options, however. You could achieve the same results with the following lines in your .Xdefaults file:
XTerm*Desk: 1
or
XTerm*Page: 3 2 1
RANDR MULTI-SCREEN SUPPORT¶
Fvwm best supports multiple screens using the RandR X11 protocol. If fvwm isn’t built with the RandR protocol then the multi screen support is very limited, and it is suggested to rebuild with RandR. It is also recommended to use 'EdgeScroll 0 0' on multi-screen displays to avoid changing pages when moving the mouse between screens.
If Fvwm has been compiled with RandR support then it tracks the outputs (displays) which it finds. These outputs are stored by name, which can be found by running using the xrandr(1) command.
When Fvwm detects monitors, it adds them to a tree with a defined order, and each monitor is assigned a number. That order is top-down, left-to-right, so for example, the following diagram illustrates a monitor layout and their assigned number.
A (0) B (1) C (2) D (3)
Hence it is possible to then refer to the 2nd monitor and print its name via expansion variables as:
$[monitor.1.name]
Which would print the name, B.
In doing so, Fvwm tracks events from RandR, such as when a given output changes size, or has been added or removed.
In addition to specific FvwmEvent conditions which can be used to track a monitor’s change, there is a function called RandRFunc which the user can define to be run when a screen event occurs (such as enabling/disabling/resolution change):
DestroyFunc RandRFunc AddToFunc RandRFunc + I Exec exec xmessage "A screen changed"
DESKTOP BEHAVIOUR¶
Because Fvwm has the capability to track outputs, Fvwm can be told how to handle those. This is controlled via the DesktopConfiguration command. By default, Fvwm treats all outputs it finds as one large screen, although Fvwm can be told to treat screens independently of each other.
INITIALIZATION¶
During initialization, fvwm searches for a configuration file which describes key and button bindings, and many other things. The format of these files is described later. Fvwm first searches for configuration files using the command
Read config
This looks for file config in $FVWM_USERDIR and $FVWM_DATADIR directories, as described in Read. If this fails more files are queried for backward compatibility. Here is the complete list of all file locations queried in the default installation (only the first found file is used):
$HOME/.fvwm/config /usr/local/share/fvwm/config $HOME/.fvwm/.fvwm2rc $HOME/.fvwm2rc /usr/local/share/fvwm/.fvwm2rc /usr/local/share/fvwm/system.fvwm2rc /etc/system.fvwm2rc
Please note, the last 5 locations are not guaranteed to be supported in the future.
If a configuration file is not found, the left mouse button, or
or
keys on the root window bring up menus and forms that can create a starting configuration file.
Fvwm sets two environment variables which are inherited by its children. These are $DISPLAY which describes the display on which fvwm is running. $DISPLAY may be unix:0.0 or :0.0, which doesn’t work too well when passed through ssh to another machine, so $HOSTDISPLAY is set to a network-ready description of the display. $HOSTDISPLAY always uses the TCP/IP transport protocol (even for a local connection) so $DISPLAY should be used for local connections, as it may use Unix-domain sockets, which are faster.
If you want to start some applications or modules with fvwm, you can simply put
Exec app
or
Module FvwmXxx
into your config, but it is not recommended; do this only if you know what you are doing. It is usually important to start applications or modules after the entire config is read, because it contains styles or module configurations which can affect window appearance and functionality.
The standard way to start applications or modules on fvwm’s start up is to add them to an initialization function (usually StartFunction or InitFunction). This way they are only started after fvwm finishes to read and execute config file.
Fvwm has three special functions for initialization: StartFunction, which is executed on startups and restarts; InitFunction and RestartFunction, which are executed during initialization and restarts (respectively) just after StartFunction. These functions may be customized in a user’s config file using the AddToFunc command (described later) to start up modules, xterms, or whatever you’d like to have started by fvwm.
Fvwm has also a special exit function: ExitFunction, executed when exiting or restarting before actually quitting. It could be used to explicitly kill modules, etc.
If fvwm is run under a session manager, functions SessionInitFunction and SessionRestartFunction are executed instead of InitFunction and RestartFunction. This helps to define the user’s config file to be good for both running under a session manager and without it. Generally it is a bad idea to start xterms or other applications in "Session*" functions. Also someone can decide to start different modules while running under a session manager or not. For the similar purposes SessionExitFunction is used instead of ExitFunction.
DestroyFunc StartFunction AddToFunc StartFunction
+ I Module FvwmPager * *
+ I Module FvwmButtons DestroyFunc InitFunction AddToFunc InitFunction
+ I Module FvwmBanner
+ I Module FvwmIconMan
+ I Exec xsetroot -solid cyan
+ I Exec xterm
+ I Exec netscape DestroyFunc RestartFunction AddToFunc RestartFunction
+ I Module FvwmIconMan DestroyFunc SessionInitFunction AddToFunc SessionInitFunction
+ I Module FvwmBanner DestroyFunc SessionRestartFunction AddToFunc SessionRestartFunction
+ I Nop
You do not need to define all special functions if some are empty. Also note, all these special functions may be emulated now using StartFunction and ExitFunction, like this:
DestroyFunc StartFunction AddToFunc StartFunction + I Test (Init) Module FvwmBanner + I Module FvwmPager * * + I Test (Restart) Beep DestroyFunc ExitFunction AddToFunc ExitFunction + I Test (Quit) Echo Bye-bye + I KillModule MyBuggyModule + I Test (ToRestart) Beep
COMPILATION OPTIONS¶
Fvwm has a number of compile-time options. If you have trouble using a certain command or feature, check to see if support for it was included at compile time. Optional features are described in the config.h file that is generated during compilation.
ICONS AND IMAGES¶
Fvwm can load .xbm, .xpm, .png and .svg images. XBM images are monochrome. Fvwm can always display XBM files. XPM and PNG formats are color images. SVG is a vector graphics image format. Compile-time options determine whether fvwm can display XPM, PNG or SVG icons and images. See the INSTALL.fvwm file for more information.
The related SHAPE compile-time option can make fvwm display spiffy shaped icons.
SVG rendering options¶
SVG images are generated from (XML) text files. A really simple SVG file might look something like this:
<svg width="120" height="80"> <rect fill="red" width="40" height="40" x="0" y="0" /> <rect fill="lime" width="40" height="40" x="40" y="0" /> <rect fill="blue" width="40" height="40" x="80" y="0" /> <rect fill="cyan" width="40" height="40" x="0" y="40" /> <rect fill="magenta" width="40" height="40" x="40" y="40" /> <rect fill="yellow" width="40" height="40" x="80" y="40" /> </svg>
By default, SVG images are rendered as the image creator intended them to. But since SVG is a vector graphics format, the images can be rendered at any chosen size and rotation, e.g. making it possible to use the same icon file rendered at different sizes for the Icon and MiniIcon styles.
The rendering options are specified as a string appended to the SVG filename as follows:
_image.svg_:[!] [(1) _size_] [(2) _position_] [(3) _rotation_] [(4)
_scale_] ...
{empty}(1) [-]_width_{x}[-]_height_
{empty}(2) {- | +}_xpos_{- | +}_ypos_
{empty}(3) @[-]_angle_
{empty}(4) {* | }[-]_factor_[x | y]
The option string always starts with a colon (':') to separate it from the filename. An empty option string can skip this colon, but it might still be a good idea to include it to prevent ambiguity if the filename contains any colon.
filename_without_colon.svg filename:with:colon.svg:
An exclamation point ('!') transposes the entire final image (including the rendering area), i.e. all the horizontal and all the vertical coordinates are swapped with each other.
image.svg:!
width and height specifies the dimensions of the rendering area in pixels, i.e. the dimensions of the resulting image. The actual image is fitted to fill the entire rendering area.
image.svg:60x60
Use a width or height value of 0 to keep the aspect ratio.
image.svg:0x60 image.svg:60x0
A '-' before width mirrors the rendering area horizontally.
image.svg:-0x0
A '-' before height mirrors the rendering area vertically.
image.svg:0x-0
xpos and ypos specifies a translation of the image in pixels. A positive xpos value moves the image to the right. A positive ypos value moves it down. Moving it partially outside of the rendering area results in a cropped image.
image.svg:-30-0 image.svg:-0+10 image.svg:-30+10
angle specifies a rotation around the actual image center in degrees. This might result in a cropped image. A positive value rotates the image clockwise. Floating point values are recognized.
image.svg:@180 image.svg:@-90 image.svg:@30 image.svg:@57.3
factor specifes a scaling of the actual image (not the rendering area). Scaling it up results in a cropped image. Floating point values are recognized. Division by zero is ignored. If factor is directly followed by a 'x' or a 'y', the scaling is horizontal or vertical respectively. Otherwise the scaling is uniform.
image.svg:*2 image.svg:/2 image.svg:/3x image.svg:/2y
Scaling down a translated or rotated image can prevent cropping.
image.svg:@30*0.6
Repeated usage of translation, rotation, and scaling is allowed. Translation and rotation are additive. Scaling is multiplicative.
image.svg:*2/3 image.svg:/3x/2y
When combining affine transformations, the scaling is always done first, then the rotation, and finally the translation.
image.svg:-30+10@30/3x/2y
Use a negative scale factor to mirror the actual image.
image.svg:-30+10@30/-3x/2y
Mirroring of the rendering area is done after any scaling, rotation or translation of the image.
image.svg:-0x0-30+10@30/3x/2y
Transposing is done last of all, after everything else.
image.svg:!-0x0-30+10@30/3x/2y
MODULES¶
A module is a separate program which runs as a separate Unix process but transmits commands to fvwm to execute. Users can write their own modules to do any weird or bizarre manipulations without bloating or affecting the integrity of fvwm itself.
Modules must be spawned by fvwm so that it can set up two pipes for fvwm and the module to communicate with. The pipes are already open for the module when it starts and the file descriptors for the pipes are provided as command line arguments.
Modules can be spawned by fvwm at any time during the X session by use of the Module command. Modules can exist for the duration of the X session, or can perform a single task and exit. If the module is still active when fvwm is told to quit, then fvwm closes the communication pipes and waits to receive a SIGCHLD from the module, indicating that it has detected the pipe closure and has exited. If modules fail to detect the pipe closure fvwm exits after approximately 30 seconds anyway. The number of simultaneously executing modules is limited by the operating system’s maximum number of simultaneously open files, usually between 60 and 256.
Modules simply transmit commands to the fvwm command engine. Commands are formatted just as in the case of a mouse binding in the config setup file. Certain auxiliary information is also transmitted, as in the sample module FvwmButtons.
Please refer to the Module Commands section for details.
ICCCM COMPLIANCE¶
Fvwm attempts to be ICCCM 2.0 compliant. Check <http://tronche.com/gui/x/icccm/> for more info. In addition, ICCCM states that it should be possible for applications to receive any keystroke, which is not consistent with the keyboard shortcut approach used in fvwm and most other window managers. In particular you cannot have the same keyboard shortcuts working with your fvwm and another fvwm running within Xnest (a nested X server running in a window). The same problem exists with mouse bindings.
The ICCCM states that windows possessing the property
WM_HINTS(WM_HINTS): Client accepts input or input focus: False
should not be given the keyboard input focus by the window manager. These windows can take the input focus by themselves, however. A number of applications set this property, and yet expect the window manager to give them the keyboard focus anyway, so fvwm provides a window style, Lenience, which allows fvwm to overlook this ICCCM rule. Even with this window style it is not guaranteed that the application accepts focus.
The differences between ICCCM 1.1 and 2.0 include the ability to take over from a running ICCCM 2.0 compliant window manager; thus
fvwm; vi ~/.fvwm/config; fvwm -replace
resembles the Restart command. It is not exactly the same, since killing the previously running wm may terminate your X session, if the wm was started as the last client in your .Xclients or .Xsession file.
Further additions are support for client-side colormap installation (see the ICCCM for details) and the urgency hint. Clients can set this hint in the WM_HINTS property of their window and expect the window manager to attract the user’s attention to the window. Fvwm has two re-definable functions for this purpose, "UrgencyFunc" and "UrgencyDoneFunc", which are executed when the flag is set/cleared. Their default definitions are:
AddToFunc UrgencyFunc
+ I Iconify off
+ I FlipFocus
+ I Raise
+ I WarpToWindow !raise 5p 5p AddToFunc UrgencyDoneFunc
+ I Nop
EXTENDED WINDOW MANAGER HINTS¶
Fvwm attempts to respect the extended window manager hints (ewmh or EWMH for short) specification: <https://specifications.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-1.3.html> and some extensions of this specification.
This support is configurable with styles and commands. These styles and commands have EWMH as the prefix (so you can find them easily in this man page).
There is a new Context 'D' for the Key, PointerKey, Mouse commands. This context is for desktop applications (such as kdesktop and Nautilus desktop).
When a compliant taskbar asks fvwm to activate a window (typically when you click on a button which represents a window in such a taskbar), then fvwm calls the complex function EWMHActivateWindowFunc which by default is Iconify Off, Focus and Raise. You can redefine this function. For example:
DestroyFunc EWMHActivateWindowFunc AddToFunc EWMHActivateWindowFunc I Iconify Off + I Focus + I Raise + I WarpToWindow 50 50
additionally warps the pointer to the center of the window.
The EWMH specification introduces the notion of Working Area. Without ewmh support the Working Area is the full visible screen (or all your screens if you have a multi head setup with RandR). However, compliant applications (such as a panel) can ask to reserve space at the edge of the screen. If this is the case, the Working Area is your full visible screen minus these reserved spaces. If a panel can be hidden by clicking on a button the Working Area does not change (as you can unhide the panel at any time), but the Dynamic Working Area is updated: the space reserved by the panel is removed (and added again if you pop up the panel). The Dynamic Working Area may be used when fvwm places or maximizes a window. To know if an application reserves space you can type "xprop | grep _NET_WM_STRUT" in a terminal and select the application. If four numbers appear then these numbers define the reserved space as explained in the EwmhBaseStruts command.
CONFIGURATION¶
Configuration Files¶
The configuration file is used to describe mouse and button bindings, colors, the virtual display size, and related items. The initialization configuration file is typically called config (or .fvwm2rc). By using the Read command, it is easy to read in new configuration files as you go.
Lines beginning with '#' are ignored by fvwm. Lines starting with '*' are expected to contain module configuration commands (rather than configuration commands for fvwm itself). Like in shell scripts embedded newlines in a configuration file line can be quoted by preceding them with a backslash. All lines linked in this fashion are treated as a single line. The newline itself is ignored.
Fvwm makes no distinction between configuration commands and action commands, so anything mentioned in the fvwm commands section can be placed on a line by itself for fvwm to execute as it reads the configuration file, or it can be placed as an executable command in a menu or bound to a mouse button or a keyboard key. It is left as an exercise for the user to decide which function make sense for initialization and which ones make sense for run-time.
Supplied Configuration¶
A sample configuration file, is supplied with the fvwm distribution. It is well commented and can be used as a source of examples for fvwm configuration. It may be copied from /usr/local/share/fvwm/config file.
Alternatively, the built-in menu (accessible when no configuration file is found) has options to create an initial config file for the user.
FONTS¶
Font names and font loading¶
The fonts used for the text of a window title, icon titles, menus and geometry window can be specified by using the Font and IconFont Style, the Font MenuStyle and the DefaultFont commands. Also, all the Modules which use text have configuration command(s) to specify font(s). All these styles and commands take a font name as an argument. This section explains what is a font name for fvwm and which fonts fvwm loads.
First, you can use what we can call a usual font name, for example,
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--10-100-75-75-m-60-ISO8859-1 -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--10-* -*-fixed-medium-o-normal--14-*-ISO8859-15
That is, you can use an X Logical Font Description (XLFD for short). Then the "first" font which matches the description is loaded and used. This "first" font depends of your font path and also of your locale. Fonts which match the locale charset are loaded in priority order. For example with
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--10-*
if the locale charset is ISO8859-1, then fvwm tries to load a font which matches
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--10-*-ISO8859-1
with the locale charset ISO8859-15 fvwm tries to load
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--10-*-ISO8859-15.
A font name can be given as an extended XLFD. This is a comma separated list of (simple) XLFD font names, for example:
-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--14-*,-*-courier-medium-r-normal--14-*
Each simple font name is tried until a matching font with the locale charset is found and if this fails each simple font name is tried without constraint on the charset.
More details on the XLFD can be found in the X manual page, the X Logical Font Description Conventions document (called xlfd) and the XLoadFont and XCreateFontSet manual pages. Some useful font utilities are: xlsfonts, xfontsel, xfd and xset.
If you have Xft support you can specify an Xft font name (description) of a true type (or Type1) font prefixed by "xft:", for example:
"xft:Luxi Mono" "xft:Luxi Mono:Medium:Roman:size=14:encoding=iso8859-1"
The "first" font which matches the description is loaded. This first font depends on the XftConfig configuration file with Xft1 and on the /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file with Xft2. One may read the Xft manual page and the fontconfig man page with Xft2. The first string which follows "xft:" is always considered as the family. With the second example Luxi Mono is the Family (Other XFree TTF families: "Luxi Serif", "Luxi Sans"), Medium is the Weight (other possible weights: Light, DemiBold, Bold, Black), Roman is the slant or the style (other possibilities: Regular, Oblique, Italic) size specifies the point size (for a pixel size use pixelsize=), encoding allows for enforce a charset (iso8859-1 or iso10646-1 only; if no encoding is given the locale charset is assumed). An important parameter is "minspace=bool" where bool is True or False. If bool is False (the default?) Xft gives a greater font height to fvwm than if bool is True. This may modify text placement, icon and window title height, line spacing in menus and FvwmIdent, button height in some fvwm modules ...etc. With a LCD monitor you may try to add "rgba=mode" where mode is either rgb, bgr, vrgb or vbgr to enable subpixel rendering. The best mode depends on the way your LCD cells are arranged. You can pass other specifications in between ":", as "foundry=foundry_name", "spacing=type" where type can be monospace, proportional or charcell, "charwidth=integer", "charheight=integer" or "antialias=bool" where bool is True or False. It seems that these parameters are not always taken in account.
To determine which Xft fonts are really loaded you can export XFT_DEBUG=1 before starting fvwm and take a look to the error log. With Xft2 you may use fc-list to list the available fonts. Anyway, Xft support is experimental (from the X and the fvwm point of view) and the quality of the rendering depends on number of parameters (the XFree and the freetype versions and your video card(s)).
After an Xft font name you can add after a ";" an XLFD font name (simple or extended) as:
xft:Verdana:pixelsize=14;-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--14-*
then, if either loading the Xft font fails or fvwm has no Xft support, fvwm loads the font "-adobe-courier-bold-r-normal—14-*". This allows for writing portable configuration files.
Font and string encoding¶
Once a font is loaded, fvwm finds its encoding (or charset) using its name (the last two fields of the name). fvwm assumes that the strings which are displayed with this font use this encoding (an exception is that if an iso10646-1 font is loaded, then UTF-8 is assumed for string encoding). In a normal situation, (i) a font is loaded by giving a font name without specifying the encoding, (ii) the encoding of the loaded font is the locale encoding, and then (iii) the strings in the fvwm configuration files should use the locale encoding as well as the window and icon name. With Xft the situation is bit different as Xft supports only iso10646-1 and iso8859-1. If you do not specify one of these encodings in the Xft font name, then fvwm does strings conversion using (iii). Note that with multibyte fonts (and in particular with "CJK" fonts) for good text rendering, the locale encoding should be the charset of the font.
To override the previous rules, it is possible to specify the string encoding in the beginning of a font description as follow:
StringEncoding=enc:_full_font_name_
where enc is an encoding supported by fvwm (usually font name charset plus some unicode encodings: UTF-8, USC-2, USC-4 and UTF-16).
For example, you may use an iso8859-1 locale charset and have an FvwmForm in Russian using koi8-r encoding. In this case, you just have to ask FvwmForm to load a koi8-r font by specifying the encoding in the font name. With a multibyte language, (as multibyte font works well only if the locale encoding is the charset of the font), you should use an iso10646-1 font:
StringEncoding=jisx0208.1983-0:-*-fixed-medium-r-*-ja-*-iso10646-1
or
"StringEncoding=jisx0208.1983-0:xft:Bitstream Cyberbit"
if your FvwmForm configuration uses jisx0208.1983-0 encoding. Another possibility is to use UTF-8 encoding for your FvwmForm configuration and use an iso10646-1 font:
-*-fixed-medium-r-*-ja-*-iso10646-1
or
"StringEncoding=UTF-8:xft:Bitstream Cyberbit"
or equivalently
"xft:Bitstream Cyberbit:encoding=iso10646-1"
In general iso10646-1 fonts together with UTF-8 string encoding allows the display of any characters in a given menu, FvwmForm etc.
More and more, unicode is used and text files use UTF-8 encoding. However, in practice the characters used range over your locale charset. For saving memory (an iso10646-1 font may have a very large number of characters) or because you have a pretty font without an iso10646-1 charset, you can specify the string encoding to be UTF-8 and use a font in the locale charset:
StringEncoding=UTF-8:-*-pretty_font-*-12-*
In most cases, fvwm correctly determines the encoding of the font. However, some fonts do not end with valid encoding names. When the font name isn’t normal, for example:
-misc-fixed-*--20-*-my_utf8-36
you need to add the encoding after the font name using a slash as a delimiter. For example:
MenuStyle * Font -misc-fixed-*--20-*-my_utf8-36/iso10646-1
If fvwm finds an encoding, fvwm uses the iconv system functions to do conversion between encodings. Unfortunately, there are no standards. For conversion between iso8859-1 and UTF-8: a GNU system uses "ISO-8859-1" and other systems use "iso881" to define the converters (these two names are supported by fvwm). Moreover, in some cases it may be necessary to use machine specific converters. So, if you experience problems you can try to get information on your iconv implementation ("man iconv" may help) and put the name which defines the converter between the font encoding and UTF-8 at the end of the font name after the encoding hint and a / (another possible solution is to use GNU libiconv). For example use:
Style * Font -misc-fixed-*--14-*-iso8859-1/*/latin1
to use latin1 for defining the converter for the iso8859-1 encoding. The "*" in between the "/" says to fvwm to determine the encoding from the end of the font name. Use:
Style * Font \ -misc-fixed-*--14-*-local8859-6/iso8859-6/local_iso8859_6_iconv
to force fvwm to use the font with iso8859-6 as the encoding (this is useful for bi-directionality) and to use local_iso8859_6_iconv for defining the converters.
Font Shadow Effects¶
Fonts can be given 3d effects. At the beginning of the font name (or just after a possible StringEncoding specification) add
Shadow=size [offset] [directions]]:
size is a positive integer which specifies the number of pixels of shadow. offset is an optional positive integer which defines the number of pixels to offset the shadow from the edge of the character. The default offset is zero. directions is an optional set of directions the shadow emanates from the character. The directions are a space separated list of fvwm directions:
N, North, Top, t, Up, u, -
E, East, Right, r, Right, r, ]
S, South, Bottom, b, Down, d, _
W, West, Left, l, Left, l, [
NE, NorthEast, TopRight, tr, UpRight, ur, ^
SE, SouthEast, BottomRight, br, DownRight, dr, >
SW, SouthWest, BottomLeft, bl, DownLeft, dl, v
NW, NorthWest, TopLeft, tl, UpLeft, ul, <
C, Center, Centre, .
A shadow is displayed in each given direction. All is equivalent to all the directions. The default direction is BottomRight. With the Center direction, the shadow surrounds the whole string. Since this is a super set of all other directions, it is a waste of time to specify this along with any other directions.
The shadow effect only works with colorsets. The color of the shadow is defined by using the fgsh option of the Colorset command. Please refer to the Colorsets section for details about colorsets.
Note: It can be difficult to find the font, fg, fgsh and bg colors to make this effect look good, but it can look quite good.
BI-DIRECTIONAL TEXT¶
Arabic and Hebrew text require bi-directional text support to be displayed correctly, this means that logical strings should be converted before their visual presentation, so left-to-right and right-to-left sub-strings are determined and reshuffled. In fvwm this is done automatically in window titles, menus, module labels and other places if the fonts used for displaying the text are of one of the charsets that require bidi (bi-directional) support. For example, this includes iso8859-6, iso8859-8 and iso10646-1 (unicode), but not other iso8859-* fonts.
This bi-directional text support is done using the fribidi library compile time option, see INSTALL.fvwm.
KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS¶
Almost all window manager operations can be performed from the keyboard so mouse-less operation should be possible. In addition to scrolling around the virtual desktop by binding the Scroll command to appropriate keys, Popup, Move, Resize, and any other command can be bound to keys. Once a command is started the pointer is moved by using the up, down, left, and right arrows, and the action is terminated by pressing return. Holding down the Shift key causes the pointer movement to go in larger steps and holding down the control key causes the pointer movement to go in smaller steps. Standard emacs and vi cursor movement controls can be used instead of the arrow keys.
SESSION MANAGEMENT¶
Fvwm supports session management according to the X Session Management Protocol. It saves and restores window position, size, stacking order, desk, stickiness, shadiness, maximizedness, iconifiedness for all windows. Furthermore, some global state is saved.
Fvwm doesn’t save any information regarding styles, decors, functions or menus. If you change any of these resources during a session (e.g. by issuing Style commands or by using various modules), these changes are lost after saving and restarting the session. To become permanent, such changes have to be added to the configuration file.
BOOLEAN ARGUMENTS¶
A number of commands take one or several boolean arguments. These take a few equivalent inputs: "yes", "on", "true", "t" and "y" all evaluate to true while "no", "off", "false", "f" and "n" evaluate to false. Some commands allow "toggle" too which means that the feature is disabled if it is currently enabled and vice versa.
BUILTIN KEY AND MOUSE BINDINGS¶
The following commands are built-in to fvwm:
Key Help R A Popup MenuFvwmRoot Key F1 R A Popup MenuFvwmRoot Key Tab A M WindowList Root c c NoDeskSort Key Escape A MC EscapeFunc Mouse 1 R A Menu MenuFvwmRoot Mouse 1 T A FuncFvwmRaiseLowerX Move Mouse 1 FS A FuncFvwmRaiseLowerX Resize Mouse 2 FST A FuncFvwmRaiseLowerX Move AddToFunc FuncFvwmRaiseLowerX + I Raise + M $0 + D Lower
The Help and F1 keys invoke a built-in menu that fvwm creates. This is primarily for new users that have not created their own configuration file. Either key on the root (background) window pops up an menu to help you get started.
The Tab key pressed anywhere with the Alt key (same as the key on PC keyboards) held down pop-ups a window list.
Mouse button 1 on the title-bar or side frame can move, raise or lower a window.
Mouse button 1 on the window corners can resize, raise or lower a window.
You can override or remove these bindings. To remove the window list binding, use this:
Key Tab A M -
COMMAND EXECUTION¶
Module and Function Commands¶
If fvwm encounters a command that it doesn’t recognize, it checks to see if the specified command should have been
Function (rest of command)
or
Module (rest of command)
This allows complex functions or modules to be invoked in a manner which is fairly transparent to the configuration file.
Example: the config file contains the line
HelpMe
Fvwm looks for an fvwm command called "HelpMe", and fails. Next it looks for a user-defined complex function called "HelpMe". If no such function exists, fvwm tries to execute a module called "HelpMe".
Delayed Execution of Commands¶
Note: There are many commands that affect look and feel of specific, some or all windows, like Style, Mouse, Colorset, TitleStyle and many others. For performance reasons such changes are not applied immediately but only when fvwm is idle, i.e. no user interaction or module input is pending. Specifically, new Style options that are set in a function are not applied until after the function has completed. This can sometimes lead to unwanted effects.
To force that all pending changes are applied immediately, use the UpdateStyles, Refresh or RefreshWindow commands.
QUOTING¶
Quotes are required only when needed to make fvwm consider two or more words to be a single argument. Unnecessary quoting is allowed. If you want a quote character in your text, you must escape it by using the backslash character. For example, if you have a pop-up menu called "Window-Ops", then you do not need quotes:
Popup Window-Ops
but if you replace the dash with a space, then you need quotes:
Popup "Window Ops"
The supported quoting characters are double quotes, single quotes and reverse single quotes. All three kinds of quotes are treated in the same way. Single characters can be quoted with a preceding backslash. Quoting single characters works even inside other kinds of quotes.
COMMAND EXPANSION¶
Whenever an fvwm command line is executed, fvwm performs parameter expansion. A parameter is a '$' followed by a word enclosed in brackets ($[...]) or a single special character. If fvwm encounters an unquoted parameter on the command line it expands it to a string indicated by the parameter name. Unknown parameters are left untouched. Parameter expansion is performed before quoting. To get a literal '$' use "$$".
If a command is prefixed with a '-' parameter expansion isn’t performed. This applies to the command immediately following the '-', in which the expansion normally would have taken place. When uesed together with other prefix commands it must be added before the other prefix.
Example:
Pick -Exec exec xmessage '$[w.name]'
opens an xmessage dialog with "$[w.name]" unexpanded.
The longer variables may contain additional variables inside the name, which are expanded before the outer variable.
In earlier versions of fvwm, some single letter variables were supported. It is deprecated now, since they cause a number of problems. You should use the longer substitutes instead.
Example:
# Print the current desk number, horizontal page number # and the window's class (unexpanded here, no window). Echo $[desk.n] $[page.nx] $[w.class]
Note: If the command is called outside a window context, it prints "$[w.class]" instead of the class name. It is usually not enough to have the pointer over a window to have a context window. To force using the window with the focus, the Current command can be used:
Current Echo $[desk.n] $[page.nx] $[w.class]
The parameters known by fvwm are:
$$
$.
$0 to $9
$*
$[n]
$[n-m]
$[n-]
$[*]
$[version.num]
$[version.info]
$[version.line]
$[vp.x] $[vp.y] $[vp.width] $[vp.height]
$[wa.x] $[wa.y] $[wa.width] $[wa.height]
$[dwa.x] $[dwa.y] $[dwa.width] $[dwa.height]
$[desk.n]
$[desk.name<n>]
$[desk.width] $[desk.height]
$[desk.pagesx] $[desk.pagesy]
$[page.nx] $[page.ny]
$[w.id]
$[w.name] $[w.iconname] $[w.class] $[w.resource] $[w.visiblename] $[w.iconfile] $[w.miniiconfile] $[w.iconfile.svgopts] $[w.miniiconfile.svgopts]
Note, the first 5 variables may include any kind of characters, so these variables are quoted. It means that the value is surrounded by single quote characters and any contained single quote is prefixed with a backslash. This guarantees that commands like:
Style $[w.resource] Icon norm/network.png
work correctly, regardless of any special symbols the value may contain, like spaces and different kinds of quotes.
In the case of the window’s visible name, this is the value returned from the literal title of the window shown in the titlebar. Typically this will be the same as $[w.name] once expanded, although in the case of using IndexedWindowName then this is more useful a distinction, and allows for referencing the specific window by its visible name for inclusion in things like Style commands.
$[w.x] $[w.y] $[w.width] $[w.height]
$[w.pagex] $[w.pagey]
$[w.desk]
$[w.layer]
$[w.screen]
$[cw.x] $[cw.y] $[cw.width] $[cw.height]
$[i.x], $[it.x], $[ip.x] $[i.y], $[it.y], $[ip.y] $[i.width], $[it.width], $[ip.width] $[i.height], $[it.height], $[ip.height]
$[pointer.x] $[pointer.y]
$[pointer.wx] $[pointer.wy]
$[pointer.cx] $[pointer.cy]
$[pointer.screen]
This is deprecated; use $[monitor.current] instead.
$[monitor.<n>.x], $[monitor.<n>.y], $[monitor.<n>.width], $[monitor.<n>.height], $[monitor.<n>.desk], $[monitor.<n>.pagex], $[monitor.<n>.pagey] $[monitor.primary], $[monitor.prev_primary], $[monitor.current], $[monitor.prev] $[monitor.output], $[monitor.number] $[monitor.count], $[monitor.<n>.prev_desk], $[monitor.<n>.prev_pagex], $[monitor.<n>.prev_pagey]:: Returns information about the selected monitor. These can be nested, for example: $[monitor.$[monitor.primary].width]
+ <n> should be a valid xrandr(1) output name.
+ "x" returns the monitor’s x position; "y" returns the monitor’s y position; "width" returns the monitor’s width (in pixels); "height" returns the monitor’s height (in pixels)
+ "number" returns the monitor’s position within the tree. See RANDR SUPPORT.
+ "current" is the same as the deprecated $[screen.pointer] variable; the monitor which has the mouse pointer.
+ "prev" returns the previously focused monitor, or the empty string if there isn’t one.
+ "count" returns the number of active monitors.
+ "desk" returns the current desk displayed on the referenced monitor.
+ "pagex" returns the X page on the referenced monitor.
+ "pagey" returns the Y page of the referenced monitor.
+ "primary" is the name of the output set as primary via xrandr(1).
+ "prev_primary" is the name of the output which was the previous primary monitor.
+ "prev_desk" returns the previous desk on the referenced monitor.
+ "prev_pagex" returns the previous X page on the referenced monitor.
+ "prev_pagey" returns the previous Y page on the referenced monitor.
$[screen]
$[screen.count]
This is deprecated; use $[monitor.count] instead.
$[fg.cs<n>] $[bg.cs<n>] $[hilight.cs<n>] $[shadow.cs<n>] $[fgsh.cs<n>]
If .lighten<p> or .darken<p> is appended to the parameters, they are instead replaced with a color that is lighter or darker than the one defined in colorset <n> by a percentage value <p> (between 0 and 100). For example "$[bg.cs3.lighten15]" is expanded to the background color of colorset 3 and then lightened 15% (in rgb:rrrr/gggg/bbbb form).
If .hash is appened to the end the color output will use #rrggbb form (instead of rgb:rrrr/gggg/bbbb). For example, $[bg.cs3.hash] or $[bg.cs3.lighten15.hash].
Please refer to the Colorsets section for details about colorsets.
$[schedule.last]
$[schedule.next]
$[cond.rc]
$[func.context]
Mouse 3 FS N WindowShade $$[func.context]
$[debuglog.state]
$[gt.str]
$[infostore.key]
$[...]
Some examples can be found in the description of the AddToFunc command.
SCRIPTING AND COMPLEX FUNCTIONS¶
To achieve the more complex effects, fvwm has a number of commands that improve its scripting abilities. Scripts can be read from a file with Read, from the output of a command with PipeRead or written as a complex function with the AddToFunc command. For the curious, section 7 of the fvwm FAQ shows some real life applications of scripting. Please refer to the sections User Functions and Shell Commands and Conditional Commands for details. A word of warning: during execution of complex functions, fvwm needs to take all input from the mouse pointer (the pointer is "grabbed" in the slang of X). No other programs can receive any input from the pointer while a function is run. This can confuse some programs. For example, the xwd program refuses to make screen shots when run from a complex function. To achieve the same functionality you can use the Read or PipeRead command instead.
MENUS¶
Before a menu can be opened, it has to be populated with menu items using the AddToMenu command and bound to a key or mouse button with the Key, PointerKey or Mouse command (there are many other ways to invoke a menu too). This is usually done in the configuration file.
Fvwm menus are extremely configurable in look and feel. Even the slightest nuances can be changed to the user’s liking, including the menu item fonts, the background, delays before popping up sub menus, generating menus dynamically and many other features. Please refer to the MenuStyle command to learn more.
Types of Menus
Popup menus can appear everywhere on the screen on their own or attached to a part of a window. The Popup command opens popup menus. If the popup menu was invoked with a mouse button held down, it is closed when the button is released. The item under the pointer is then activated and the associated action is executed.
Normal menus are very similar command, but slightly transient. When invoked by clicking a mouse button, they stay open and can be navigated with no button held. But if invoked by a button press followed by mouse motion, it behaves exactly like a popup menu. The Menu command creates normal menus.
"Sub menus" are menus inside other menus. When a menu item that has the Popup command as its action is selected, the named menu is opened as a sub menu to the parent. Any type of menu can have sub menus.
"Tear off menus" are menus that have been "torn off" their original context on the desktop like a normal window. They are created from other menus by certain key presses or mouse sequences or with the TearMenuOff command from inside a menu.
Menu Anatomy
Additionally, if the menu is too long to fit on the screen, the excess menu items are put in a continuation menu and a sub menu with the string "More..." is placed at the bottom of the menu. The "More..." string honors the locale settings.
Finally, there may be a picture running up either side of the menu (a "side bar").
Menu Navigation
Mouse Navigation
Scrolling a mouse wheel over a menu either wraps the pointer along the menu (default), scrolls the menu under the pointer or act as if the menu was clicked depending on the MouseWheel menu style.
Clicking on a selected item activates it - what happens exactly depends on the type of the item.
Clicking on a title, a separator, the side bar, or outside the menu closes the menu (exception: tear off menus can not be closed this way). Pressing mouse button 2 over a menu title or activating a tear off bar creates a tear off menu from the current menu. Clicking on a normal menu item invokes the command that is bound to it, and clicking on a sub menu item either closes all open menus and replaces them with the sub menu or posts the menu (default).
Posting menus is meant to ease mouse navigation. Once a sub menu is posted, only items from that sub menu can be selected. This can be very useful to navigate the menu if the pointer tends to stray off the menu. To unpost the menu and revert back to normal operation, either click on the same sub menu item or press any key.
Keyboard Navigation
Items can be selected directly by pressing a hotkey that can be configured individually for each menu item. The hotkey is indicated by underlining it in the menu item label. With the AutomaticHotkeys menu style fvwm automatically assigns hotkeys to all menu items.
The most basic keys to navigate through menus are the cursor keys (move up or down one item, enter or leave a sub menu),
(activate item) and
(close menu). Numerous other keys can be used to navigate through menus by default:
Enter, Return, Space activate the current item.
Escape, Delete, Ctrl-G exit the current sequence of menus or destroy a tear off menu.
J, N, Cursor-Down, Tab, Meta-Tab, Ctrl-F, move to the next item.
K, P, Cursor-Up, Shift-Tab, Shift-Meta-Tab, Ctrl-B, move to the prior item.
L, Cursor-Right, F enter a sub menu.
H, Cursor-Left, B return to the prior menu.
Ctrl-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-K Ctrl-P, Shift-Ctrl-Meta-Tab, Page-Up move up five items.
Ctrl-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-J Ctrl-N, Ctrl-Meta-Tab Page-Down move down five items.
Shift-P, Home, Shift-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-A move to the first item.
Shift-N, End, Shift-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-E move to the last item.
Meta-P, Meta-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-Cursor-Left, Shift-Ctrl-Tab, move up just below the next separator.
Meta-N, Meta-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-Cursor-Right, Ctrl-Tab, move down just below the next separator.
Insert opens the "More..." sub menu if any.
Backspace tears off the menu.
Menu Bindings
It is not possible to override the key Escape with no modifiers for closing the menu. Neither is it possible to undefine mouse button 1, the arrow keys or the enter key for minimal navigation.
MenuClose exits from the current sequence of menus or destroys a tear off menu.
MenuCloseAndExec exits from the current sequence of menus or destroys a tear off menu and executes the rest of the line as a command.
MenuEnterContinuation opens the "More..." sub menu if any.
MenuEnterSubmenu enters a sub menu.
MenuLeaveSubmenu returns to the prior menu.
MenuMoveCursor n [m] moves the selection to another item. If the first argument is zero the second argument specifies an absolute item in the menu to move the pointer to. Negative items are counted from the end of the menu. If the first argument is non-zero, the second argument must be omitted, and the first argument specifies a relative change in the selected item. The positions may be suffixed with a 's' to indicate that the items should refer only to the first items after separators.
MenuCursorLeft enters a sub menu with the SubmenusLeft menu style, and returns to the prior menu with the SubmenusRight menu style.
MenuCursorRight enters a sub menu with the SubmenusRight menu style, and returns to the prior menu with the SubmenusLeft menu style.
MenuSelectItem triggers the action for the menu item.
MenuScroll n performs menu scrolling according to the MouseWheel menu style with n items. The distance can be suffixed with an 's' to indicate the items should refer only to the first items after separators.
MenuTearOff turns a normal menu into a "torn off" menu. See Tear Off Menus for details.
Tear Off Menus
in the menu or activate its tear off bar (a horizontal bar with a broken line). Tear off bars must be added to the menu as any other item by assigning them the command TearMenuOff.
The builtin tear off actions can be overridden by undefining the builtin menu actions bound to tear off. To remove the builtin mouse button 2 binding, use:
Mouse 2 MT A -
and to remove the builtin backspace binding, use:
Key Backspace M A -
See the section Menu Bindings for details on how to assign other bindings for tear off.
Note that prior to fvwm 2.5.20 the tear off mouse bindings were redefined in different way, which no longer work.
The window containing the menu is placed as any other window would be. If you find it confusing to have your tear off menus appear at random positions on the screen, put this line in your configuration file:
Style fvwm_menu UsePPosition
To remove borders and buttons from a tear-off menu but keep the menu title, you can use
Style fvwm_menu !Button 0, !Button 1 Style fvwm_menu !Button 2, !Button 3 Style fvwm_menu !Button 4, !Button 5 Style fvwm_menu !Button 6, !Button 7 Style fvwm_menu !Button 8, !Button 9 Style fvwm_menu Title, HandleWidth 0
A tear off menu is a cross breeding between a window and a menu. The menu is swallowed by a window and its title is stripped off and displayed in the window title. The main advantage is that the menu becomes permanent - activating an item does not close the menu. Therefore, it can be used multiple times without reopening it. To destroy such a menu, close its window or press the Escape key.
Tear off menus behave somewhat differently than normal menus and windows. They do not take the keyboard focus, but while the pointer is over one of them, all key presses are sent to the menu. Other fvwm key bindings are disabled as long as the pointer is inside the tear off menu or one of its sub menus. When the pointer leaves this area, all sub menus are closed immediately. Note that the window containing a tear off menu is never hilighted as if it had the focus.
A tear off menu is an independent copy of the menu it originated from. As such, it is not affected by adding items to that menu or changing its menu style.
To create a tear off menu without opening the normal menu first, the option TearOffImmediately can be added to the Menu or Popup command.
Building menu contents¶
AddToMenu menu-name [menu-label action]
AddToMenu Utilities Utilities Title
+ Xterm Exec exec xterm -e tcsh
+ Rxvt Exec exec rxvt
+ "Remote Logins" Popup Remote-Logins
+ Top Exec exec rxvt -T Top -n Top -e top
+ Calculator Exec exec xcalc
+ Xman Exec exec xman
+ Xmag Exec exec xmag
+ emacs Exec exec xemacs
+ Mail MailFunction xmh "-font fixed"
+ "" Nop
+ Modules Popup Module-Popup
+ "" Nop
+ Exit Fvwm Popup Quit-Verify
The menu could be invoked via
Mouse 1 R A Menu Utilities Nop
or
Mouse 1 R A Popup Utilities
There is no end-of-menu symbol. Menus do not have to be defined in a contiguous region of the config file. The quoted (or first word) portion in the above examples is the menu label, which appears in the menu when the user pops it up. The remaining portion is an fvwm command which is executed if the user selects that menu item. An empty menu-label ("") and the Nop function are used to insert a separator into the menu.
The keywords DynamicPopUpAction and DynamicPopDownAction have a special meaning when used as the name of a menu item. The action following the keyword is executed whenever the menu is popped up or down. This way you can implement dynamic menus. It is even possible to destroy itself with DestroyMenu and the rebuild from scratch. When the menu has been destroyed (unless you used the recreate option when destroying the menu), do not forget to add the dynamic action again.
Note: Do not trigger actions that require user interaction. They may fail and may screw up your menus. See the Silent command.
Warning Do not issue MenuStyle commands as dynamic menu actions. Chances are good that this crashes fvwm.
The keyword Greyed will still render the menu item, but will grey it out making the option unselectable.
There are several configurable scripts installed together with fvwm for automatic menu generation. They have their own man pages. Some of them, specifically fvwm-menu-directory and fvwm-menu-desktop, may be used with DynamicPopupAction to create a directory listing or GNOME/KDE application listing.
Example (File browser):
# You can find the shell script fvwm_make_browse_menu.sh # in the utils/ directory of the distribution. AddToMenu BrowseMenu + DynamicPopupAction PipeRead \ 'fvwm_make_browse_menu.sh BrowseMenu'
Example (Picture menu):
# Build a menu of all .jpg files in # $HOME/Pictures AddToMenu JpgMenu foo title + DynamicPopupAction Function MakeJpgMenu AddToFunc MakeJpgMenu + I DestroyMenu recreate JpgMenu + I AddToMenu JpgMenu Pictures Title + I PipeRead 'for i in $HOME/Pictures/*.jpg; \ do echo AddToMenu JpgMenu "`basename $i`" Exec xv $i; done'
The keyword MissingSubmenuFunction has a similar meaning. It is executed whenever you try to pop up a sub menu that does not exist. With this function you can define and destroy menus on the fly. You can use any command after the keyword, but if the name of an item (that is a submenu) defined with AddToFunc follows it, fvwm executes this command:
Function <function-name> <submenu-name>
i.e. the name is passed to the function as its first argument and can be referred to with "$0".
The fvwm-menu-directory script mentioned above may be used with MissingSubmenuFunction to create an up to date recursive directory listing.
Example:
# There is another shell script fvwm_make_directory_menu.sh # in the utils/ directory of the distribution. To use it, # define this function in your configuration file: DestroyFunc MakeMissingDirectoryMenu AddToFunc MakeMissingDirectoryMenu + I PipeRead fvwm_make_directory_menu.sh $0 DestroyMenu SomeMenu AddToMenu SomeMenu + MissingSubmenuFunction MakeMissingDirectoryMenu + "Root directory" Popup /
This is another implementation of the file browser that uses sub menus for subdirectories.
Titles can be used within the menu. If you add the option top behind the keyword Title, the title is added to the top of the menu. If there was a title already, it is overwritten.
AddToMenu Utilities Tools Title top
All text up to the first Tab in the menu label is aligned to the left side of t the menu, all text right of the first is aligned to the left in a second column and all text thereafter is placed right aligned in the third column. All other s are replaced by spaces. Note that you can change this format with the ItemFormat option of the MenuStyle command.
If the menu-label contains an ampersand ('&'), the next character is taken as a hot-key for the menu item. Hot-keys are underlined in the label. To get a literal '&', insert "&&". Pressing the hot-key moves through the list of menu items with this hot-key or selects an item that is the only one with this hot-key.
If the menu-label contains a sub-string which is set off by stars, then the text between the stars is expected to be the name of an image file to insert in the menu. To get a literal '', insert "*". For example
+ Calculator*xcalc.xpm* Exec exec xcalc
inserts a menu item labeled "Calculator" with a picture of a calculator above it. The following:
+ *xcalc.xpm* Exec exec xcalc
Omits the "Calculator" label, but leaves the picture.
If the menu-label contains a sub-string which is set off by percent signs, then the text between the percent signs is expected to be the name of image file (a so called mini icon to insert to the left of the menu label. A second mini icon that is drawn at the right side of the menu can be given in the same way. To get a literal '%', insert "%%". For example
+ Calculator%xcalc.xpm% Exec exec xcalc
inserts a menu item labeled "Calculator" with a picture of a calculator to the left. The following:
+ %xcalc.xpm% Exec exec xcalc
Omits the "Calculator" label, but leaves the picture. The pictures used with this feature should be small (perhaps 16x16).
If the menu-name (not the label) contains a sub-string which is set off by at signs ('@'), then the text between them is expected to be the name of an image file to draw along the left side of the menu (a side pixmap). You may want to use the SidePic option of the MenuStyle command instead. To get a literal '@', insert "@@". For example
AddToMenu StartMenu@linux-menu.xpm@
creates a menu with a picture in its bottom left corner.
If the menu-name also contains a sub-string surrounded by '^'s, then the text between '^'s is expected to be the name of an X11 color and the column containing the side picture is colored with that color. You can set this color for a menu style using the SideColor option of the MenuStyle command. To get a literal '^', insert "^^". Example:
AddToMenu StartMenu@linux-menu.xpm@^blue^
creates a menu with a picture in its bottom left corner and colors with blue the region of the menu containing the picture.
In all the above cases, the name of the resulting menu is name specified, stripped of the substrings between the various delimiters.
DestroyMenu [recreate] menu
DestroyMenu Utilities
Title
Commands that open menus¶
Menu menu-name [position] [double-click-action]
The pointer is warped to where it was when the menu was invoked if it was both invoked and closed with a keystroke.
The position arguments allow placement of the menu somewhere on the screen, for example centered on the visible screen or above a title bar. Basically it works like this: you specify a context-rectangle and an offset to this rectangle by which the upper left corner of the menu is moved from the upper left corner of the rectangle. The position arguments consist of several parts:
[context-rectangle] x y [special options]
The context-rectangle can be one of:
Root
Monitor
Mouse
Window
Interior
Title
Button<n>
Icon
Menu
Item
Context
This
Rectangle <_geometry_>
If the context-rectangle is omitted or invalid (e.g. "item" on a window), "Mouse" is the default. Note that not all of these make sense under all circumstances (e.g. "Icon" if the pointer is on a menu).
The offset values x and y specify how far the menu is moved from its default position. By default, the numeric value given is interpreted as a percentage of the context rectangle’s width (height), but with a trailing 'm' the menu’s width (height) is used instead. Furthermore a trailing 'p' changes the interpretation to mean pixels.
Instead of a single value you can use a list of values. All additional numbers after the first one are separated from their predecessor by their sign. Do not use any other separators.
If x or y are prefixed with "'o<number>" where <number> is an integer, the menu and the rectangle are moved to overlap at the specified position before any other offsets are applied. The menu and the rectangle are placed so that the pixel at <number> percent of the rectangle’s width/height is right over the pixel at <number> percent of the menu’s width/height. So "o0" means that the top/left borders of the menu and the rectangle overlap, with "o100" it’s the bottom/right borders and if you use "o50" they are centered upon each other (try it and you will see it is much simpler than this description). The default is "o0". The prefix "o<number>" is an abbreviation for "+<number>-<number>m".
A prefix of 'c' is equivalent to "o50". Examples:
# window list in the middle of the screen WindowList Root c c # menu to the left of a window Menu name window -100m c+0 # popup menu 8 pixels above the mouse pointer Popup name mouse c -100m-8p # somewhere on the screen Menu name rectangle 512x384+1+1 +0 +0 # centered vertically around a menu item AddToMenu foobar-menu
+ "first item" Nop
+ "special item" Popup "another menu" item +100 c
+ "last item" Nop # above the first menu item AddToMenu foobar-menu
+ "first item" Popup "another menu" item +0 -100m
Note that you can put a sub menu far off the current menu so you could not reach it with the mouse without leaving the menu. If the pointer leaves the current menu in the general direction of the sub menu the menu stays up.
Special options
To create a tear off menu without opening the normal menu, add the option TearOffImmediately. Normally the menu opens in normal state for a split second before being torn off. As tearing off places the menu like any other window, a position should be specified explicitly:
# Forbid fvwm to place the menu window Style <name of menu> UsePPosition # Menu at top left corner of screen Menu Root 0p 0p TearOffImmediately
The Animated and Mwm or Win menu styles may move a menu somewhere else on the screen. If you do not want this you can add Fixed as an option. This might happen for example if you want the menu always in the top right corner of the screen.
Where do you want a menu to appear when you click on its menu item? The default is to place the title under the cursor, but if you want it where the position arguments say, use the SelectInPlace option. If you want the pointer on the title of the menu, use SelectWarp too. Note that these options apply only if the PopupAsRootMenu MenuStyle option is used.
The pointer is warped to the title of a sub menu whenever the pointer would be on an item when the sub menu is popped up (fvwm menu style) or never warped to the title at all (Mwm or Win menu styles). You can force (forbid) warping whenever the sub menu is opened with the WarpTitle (NoWarp) option.
Note that the special-options do work with a normal menu that has no other position arguments.
Popup PopupName [position] [default-action]
To bind a previously defined pop-up menu to a key or mouse button:
The following example binds mouse buttons 2 and 3 to a pop-up called "Window Ops". The menu pops up if the buttons 2 or 3 are pressed in the window frame, side-bar, or title-bar, with no modifiers (none of shift, control, or meta).
Mouse 2 FST N Popup "Window Ops" Mouse 3 FST N Popup "Window Ops"
Pop-ups can be bound to keys through the use of the Key command. Pop-ups can be operated without using the mouse by binding to keys and operating via the up arrow, down arrow, and enter keys.
To bind a previously defined pop-up menu to another menu, for use as a sub menu:
The following example defines a sub menu "Quit-Verify" and binds it into a main menu, called "RootMenu":
AddToMenu Quit-Verify
+ "Really Quit Fvwm?" Title
+ "Yes, Really Quit" Quit
+ "Restart Fvwm" Restart
+ "" Nop
+ "No, Don't Quit" Nop AddToMenu RootMenu "Root Menu" Title
+ "Open XTerm Window" Popup NewWindowMenu
+ "Login as Root" Exec exec xterm -T Root -n Root -e su -
+ "Login as Anyone" Popup AnyoneMenu
+ "Remote Hosts" Popup HostMenu
+ "" Nop
+ "X utilities" Popup Xutils
+ "" Nop
+ "Fvwm Modules" Popup Module-Popup
+ "Fvwm Window Ops" Popup Window-Ops
+ "" Nop
+ "Previous Focus" Prev (AcceptsFocus) Focus
+ "Next Focus" Next (AcceptsFocus) Focus
+ "" Nop
+ "Refresh screen" Refresh
+ "" Nop
+ "Reset X defaults" Exec xrdb -load \
$HOME/.Xdefaults
+ "" Nop
+ "" Nop
+ Quit Popup Quit-Verify
Popup differs from Menu in that pop-ups do not stay up if the user simply clicks. These are popup-menus, which are a little hard on the wrist. Menu menus stay up on a click action. See the Menu command for an explanation of the interactive behavior of menus. A menu can be open up to ten times at once, so a menu may even use itself or any of its predecessors as a sub menu.
TearMenuOff
AddToMenu WindowMenu + I "" TearMenuOff AddToMenu RootMenu + I "click here to tear me off" TearMenuOff
Menu style commands¶
Menu styles describe the looks and behaviour like normal styles do for windows. Menu styles are assigned to individual or all menus, and changing the menu style immediately affects all menus that use it. (If a menu style is used from within a menu, the changes are applied the next time an affected menu is opened.)
ChangeMenuStyle menustyle menu ...
CopyMenuStyle orig-menustyle dest-menustyle
DestroyMenuStyle menustyle
DestroyMenuStyle pixmap1
MenuStyle stylename [options]
options is a comma separated list containing some of the keywords Fvwm / Mwm / Win, BorderWidth, HilightBack / !HilightBack, HilightTitleBack, ActiveFore / !ActiveFore, MenuColorset, ActiveColorset, GreyedColorset, TitleColorset, Hilight3DThick / Hilight3DThin / Hilight3DOff, Hilight3DThickness, Animation / !Animation, Font, TitleFont, PopupDelay, PopupOffset, TitleWarp / !TitleWarp, TitleUnderlines0 / TitleUnderlines1 / TitleUnderlines2, SeparatorsLong / SeparatorsShort, TrianglesSolid / TrianglesRelief, PopupImmediately / PopupDelayed, PopdownImmediately / PopdownDelayed, PopupActiveArea, DoubleClickTime, SidePic, SideColor, PopupAsRootMenu / PopupAsSubmenu / PopupIgnore / PopupClose, RemoveSubmenus / HoldSubmenus, SubmenusRight / SubmenusLeft, SelectOnRelease, ItemFormat, VerticalItemSpacing, VerticalMargins, VerticalTitleSpacing, AutomaticHotkeys / !AutomaticHotkeys, UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate / !UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate, MouseWheel, ScrollOffPage / !ScrollOffPage, TrianglesUseFore / !TrianglesUseFore, Translucent / !Translucent.
In the above list some options are listed as option pairs or triples with a '/' in between. These options exclude each other. All paired options can be negated to have the effect of the counterpart option by prefixing ! to the option.
Fvwm, Mwm, Win reset all options to the style with the same name in former versions of fvwm. The default for new menu styles is Fvwm style. These options override all others except HilightBack, ActiveFore and PopupDelay, so they should be used only as the first option specified for a menu style or to reset the style to defined behavior. The same effect can be created by setting all the other options one by one.
Mwm and Win style menus popup sub menus automatically. Win menus indicate the current menu item by changing the background to dark. Fvwm sub menus overlap the parent menu, Mwm and Win style menus never overlap the parent menu.
Fvwm style is equivalent to !HilightBack, Hilight3DThin, !ActiveFore, !Animation, Font, PopupOffset 0 67, TitleWarp, TitleUnderlines1, SeparatorsShort, TrianglesRelief, PopupDelayed, PopdownDelayed, PopupDelay 150, PopdownDelay 150, PopupAsSubmenu, HoldSubmenus, SubmenusRight, BorderWidth 2, !AutomaticHotkeys, UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate, PopupActiveArea 75.
Mwm style is equivalent to !HilightBack, Hilight3DThick, !ActiveFore, !Animation, Font, PopupOffset -3 100, !TitleWarp, TitleUnderlines2, SeparatorsLong, TrianglesRelief, PopupImmediately, PopdownDelayed, PopdownDelay 150, PopupAsSubmenu, HoldSubmenus, SubmenusRight, BorderWidth 2, UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate, !AutomaticHotkeys, PopupActiveArea 75.
Win style is equivalent to HilightBack, Hilight3DOff, ActiveFore, !Animation, Font, PopupOffset -5 100, !TitleWarp, TitleUnderlines1, SeparatorsShort, TrianglesSolid, PopupImmediately, PopdownDelayed, PopdownDelay 150, PopupAsSubmenu, RemoveSubmenus, SubmenusRight, BorderWidth 2, UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate, !AutomaticHotkeys, PopupActiveArea 75.
BorderWidth takes the thickness of the border around the menus in pixels. It may be zero to 50 pixels. The default is 2. Using an invalid value reverts the border width to the default.
HilightBack and !HilightBack switch hilighting the background of the selected menu item on and off. The ActiveColorset background color is used for the hilighting.
HilightTitleBack switches hilighting the background of menu titles on. The TitleColorset background color is used for the hilighting.
ActiveFore and !ActiveFore switch hilighting the foreground of the selected menu item on and off. The ActiveColorset foreground color is used for the hilighting.
MenuColorset controls the colorset used to color the menu. If the colorset has a pixmap or gradient defined, this is used as the background of the menu. The shape mask from the colorset is used to shape the menu. Please refer to the Colorsets section for details about colorsets.
ActiveColorset controls the color of the active menu item, provided the HilightBack or ActiveFore menu styles are used. If specified, the hilight and shadow colors from the colorset are used too. The pixmap and shape mask from the colorset are not used. Hilighting the background or foreground can be turned off individually with the !ActiveFore or !HilightBack menu styles.
GreyedColorset works exactly like MenuColorset, but the foreground from the colorset replaces the color given with the Greyed menu style. No other parts of the colorset are used.
TitleColorset works exactly like MenuColorset, but is used only for menu titles.
Translucent controls a pseudo transparent effect that uses a image of the desktop under the menu as its background image. This option takes one value that is a number between 0 (fully translucent) and 100 (not translucent), which is the percent of the translucency. Use !Translucent (or no additional value) to turn the effect off. The translucent effect only applies to normal menus and does not apply to "torn off" menus. Note, only the menu background is translucent, the HilightBack of the active item and HilightTitleBack of the title are not. To have a fully translucent menu use the following.
MenuStyle * Translucent 60, !HilightBack, !HilightTitleBack, ActiveFore
Hilight3DThick, Hilight3DThin and Hilight3DOff determine if the selected menu item is hilighted with a 3D relief. Thick reliefs are two pixels wide, thin reliefs are one pixel wide.
Hilight3DThickness takes one numeric argument that may be between -50 and +50 pixels. With negative values the menu item gets a pressed in look. The above three commands are equivalent to a thickness of 2, 1 and 0.
Animation and !Animation turn menu animation on or off. When animation is on, sub menus that do not fit on the screen cause the parent menu to be shifted to the left so the sub menu can be seen.
Font and TitleFont take a font name as an argument. If a font by this name exists it is used for the text of all menu items. If it does not exist or if the name is left blank the built-in default is used. If a TitleFont is given, it is used for all menu titles instead of the normal font.
PopupDelay requires one numeric argument. This value is the delay in milliseconds before a sub menu is popped up when the pointer moves over a menu item that has a sub menu. If the value is zero no automatic pop up is done. If the argument is omitted the built-in default is used. Note that the popup delay has no effect if the PopupImmediately option is used since sub menus pop up immediately then.
PopupImmediately makes menu items with sub menus pop up it up as soon as the pointer enters the item. The PopupDelay option is ignored then. If PopupDelayed is used fvwm looks at the PopupDelay option if or when this automatic popup happens.
PopdownDelay works exactly like PopupDelay but determines the timeout of the PopupDelayed style.
PopdownImmediately makes sub menus vanish as soon as the pointer leaves the sub menu and the correspondent item in the parent menu. With the opposite option PopdownDelayed the sub menu only pops down after the time specified with the PopdownDelay option. This comes handy when the pointer often strays off the menu item when trying to move into the sub menu. Whenever there is a conflict between the PopupImmediately, PopupDelayed, PopupDelay styles and the PopdownImmediately, PopdownDelayed, PopdownDelay styles, the Popup... styles win when using mouse navigation and the Popdown... styles win when navigating with the keyboard.
PopupOffset requires two integer arguments. Both values affect where sub menus are placed relative to the parent menu. If both values are zero, the left edge of the sub menu overlaps the left edge of the parent menu. If the first value is non-zero the sub menu is shifted that many pixels to the right (or left if negative). If the second value is non-zero the menu is moved by that many percent of the parent menu’s width to the right or left.
PopupActiveArea requires an integer value between 51 and 100. Normally, when the pointer is over a menu item with a sub menu and the pointer enters the area that starts at 75% of the menu width, the sub menu is shown immediately. This percentage can be changed with PopupActiveArea. Setting this value to 100 disables this kind of automatic popups altogether. The default value is restored if no or an invalid value is given.
TitleWarp and !TitleWarp affect if the pointer warps to the menu title when a sub menu is opened or not. Note that regardless of this setting the pointer is not warped if the menu does not pop up under the pointer.
TitleUnderlines0, TitleUnderlines1 and TitleUnderlines2 specify how many lines are drawn below a menu title.
SeparatorsLong and SeparatorsShort set the length of menu separators. Long separators run from the left edge all the way to the right edge. Short separators leave a few pixels to the edges of the menu.
TrianglesSolid and TrianglesRelief affect how the small triangles for sub menus is drawn. Solid triangles are filled with a color while relief triangles are hollow.
DoubleClickTime requires one numeric argument. This value is the time in milliseconds between two mouse clicks in a menu to be considered as a double click. The default is 450 milliseconds. If the argument is omitted the double click time is reset to this default.
SidePic takes the name of an image file as an argument. The picture is drawn along the left side of the menu. The SidePic option can be overridden by a menu specific side pixmap (see AddToMenu). If the file name is omitted an existing side pixmap is removed from the menu style.
SideColor takes the name of an X11 color as an argument. This color is used to color the column containing the side picture (see above). The SideColor option can be overridden by a menu specific side color (see AddToMenu). If the color name is omitted the side color option is switched off.
PopupAsRootMenu, PopupAsSubmenu, PopupIgnore and PopupClose change the behavior when you click on a menu item that opens a sub menu. With PopupAsRootMenu the original menu is closed before the sub menu appears, with PopupAsSubmenu it is not, so you can navigate back into the parent menu. Furthermore, with PopupAsSubmenu the sub menu is held open (posted) regardless of where you move the mouse. Depending on your menu style this may simplify navigating through the menu. Any keystroke while a menu is posted reverts the menu back to the normal behavior. With PopupClose the menu is closed when a sub menu item is activated, and the menu stays open if PopupIgnore is used (even if the menu was invoked with the Popup command). PopupAsSubmenu is the default.
RemoveSubmenus instructs fvwm to remove sub menu when you move back into the parent menu. With HoldSubmenus the sub menu remains visible. You probably want to use HoldSubmenus if you are using the PopupDelayed style. RemoveSubmenus affects menu navigation with the keyboard.
SelectOnRelease takes an optional key name as an argument. If the given key is released in a menu using this style, the current menu item is selected. This is intended for WindowList navigation. The key name is a standard X11 key name as defined in /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h, (without the XK_ prefix), or the keysym database /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB. To disable this behavior, omit the key name.
Note: Some X servers do not support KeyRelease events. SelectOnRelease does not work on such a machine.
ItemFormat takes a special string as its argument that determines the layout of the menu items. Think of the format string as if it were a menu item. All you have to do is tell fvwm where to place the different parts of the menu item (i.e. the labels, the triangle denoting a sub menu, the mini icons and the side pic) in the blank area. The string consists of spaces,
characters and formatting directives beginning with '%'. Any invalid characters and formatting directives are silently ignored:
%l, %c and %r
%i
%> and %<
%|
%s
Space, Tab, %Space and %Tab
%p
You can define an additional space before and after each of the objects like this
%left.rightp
This means: if the object is defined in the menu (e.g. if it is %s and you use a side picture, or it is %l for the third column and there are items defined that actually have a third column), then add left pixels before the object and right pixels after it. You may leave out the left or the .right parts if you do not need them. All values up to the screen width are allowed. Even negative values can be used with care. The p may be replaced with any other formatting directives described above.
Note: Only items defined in the format string are visible in the menus. So if you do not put a %s in there you do not see a side picture, even if one is specified.
Note: The SubmenusLeft style changes the default ItemFormat string, but if it was set manually it is not modified.
Note: If any unformatted title of the menu is wider than the widest menu item, the spaces between the different parts of the menu items are enlarged to match the width of the title. Leading left aligned objects in the format string (%l, %i, %<, first %|) stick to the left edge of the menu and trailing right aligned objects (%r, %i, %>, second %|) stick to the right edge. The gaps between the remaining items are enlarged equally.
Examples:
MenuStyle * ItemFormat "%.4s%.1|%.5i%.5l%.5l%.5r%.5i%2.3>%1|"
Is the default string used by fvwm: (side picture + 4 pixels gap) (beginning of the hilighted area + 1 pixel gap) (mini icon + 5p) (first column left aligned + 5p) (second column left aligned + 5p) (third column right aligned + 5p) (second mini icon + 5p) (2p + sub menu triangle + 3p) (1p + end of hilighted area).
MenuStyle * ItemFormat "%.1|%3.2<%5i%5l%5l%5r%5i%1|%4s"
Is used by fvwm with the SubmenusLeft option below.
VerticalItemSpacing and VerticalTitleSpacing control the vertical spacing of menu items and titles like ItemFormat controls the horizontal spacing. Both take two numeric arguments that may range from -100 to +100. The first is the gap in pixels above a normal menu item (or a menu title), the second is the gap in pixels below it. Negative numbers do not make much sense and may screw up the menu completely. If no arguments are given or the given arguments are invalid, the built-in defaults are used: one pixel above the item or title and two below.
VerticalMargins can be used to add some padding at the top and bottom of menus. It takes two numeric arguments that must be positive integers (or zero). If the number of arguments or its values are incorrect, fvwm defaults both to 0, which means no padding at all. If the values are correct, the first one is used for the top margin, and the second one is used for the bottom margin.
SubmenusLeft mirrors the menu layout and behavior. Sub menus pop up to the left, the sub menu triangle is drawn left and the mini icon and side picture are drawn at the right side of the menu. The default is SubmenusRight. The position hints of a menu are also affected by this setting, i.e. position hints using item or menu as context rectangle and position hints using m offsets.
AutomaticHotkeys and !AutomaticHotkeys control the menu’s ability to automatically provide hot-keys on the first character of each menu item’s label. This behavior is always overridden if an explicit hot-key is assigned in the AddToMenu command.
UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate and !UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate controls how menu items are invoked when used with hotkeys. By default, if a given menu entry only has one completeable match for a given hotkey, the action for that menu entry is invoked and the menu is closed. This is due to the UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate option. However, the menu can be told to remain open, waiting for the user to invoke the selected item instead when there is only one matched item for a given hotkey, by using the !UniqueHotkeyActivatesImmediate option.
MouseWheel controls the ability to scroll the menu using a mouse wheel. It takes one argument, that can be one of ScrollsPointer, ScrollsMenu, ScrollsMenuBackwards or ActivatesItem. ScrollsPointer makes the mouse wheel scroll the pointer over a menu. This is the default. ScrollsMenu and ScrollsMenuBackwards scroll the menu beneath the pointer. ActivatesItem disables scrolling by mouse wheel and makes the use of a mouse wheel act as if the menu was clicked. If no argument is supplied the default setting is restored.
ScrollOffPage allows a menu to be scrolled out of the visible area if MouseWheel is set to ScrollsMenu or ScrollsMenuBackwards. This is the default. The opposite, !ScrollOffPage disables this behaviour.
TrianglesUseFore draws sub menu triangles with the foreground color of the menu colorset (normally drawn with the hilight color). !TrianglesUseFore disables this behaviour.
LIST OF FVWM COMMANDS¶
The command descriptions below are grouped together in the following sections. The sections are hopefully sorted in order of usefulness to the newcomer.
Miscellaneous Commands¶
BugOpts [option [bool]], ...
DebugRandR activates monitor layout debug messages.
FlickeringMoveWorkaround disables ConfigureNotify events that are usually sent to an application while it is moved. If some windows flicker annoyingly while being moved, this option may help you. Note that if this problem occurs it is not an fvwm bug, it is a problem of the application.
MixedVisualWorkaround makes fvwm install the root colormap before it does some operations using the root window visuals. This is only useful when the -visual option is used to start fvwm and then only with some configurations of some servers (e.g. Exceed 6.0 with an 8 bit PseudoColor root and fvwm using a 24 bit TrueColor visual).
The ModalityIsEvil option controls whether Motif applications have the ability to have modal dialogs (dialogs that force you to close them first before you can do anything else). The default is to not allow applications to have modal dialogs. Use this option with care. Once this option is turned on, you have to restart fvwm to turn it off.
RaiseOverNativeWindows makes fvwm try to raise the windows it manages over native windows of the X server’s host system. This is needed for some X servers running under Windows, Windows NT or Mac OS X. Fvwm tries to detect if it is running under such an X server and initializes the flag accordingly.
RaiseOverUnmanaged makes fvwm try to raise the windows it manages over override_redirect windows. This is used to cope with ill-mannered applications that use long-lived windows of this sort, contrary to ICCCM conventions. It is useful with the Unmanaged style option too.
FlickeringQtDialogsWorkaround suppresses flickering of the focused window in some modules when using KDE or QT applications with application modal dialog windows. By default this option is turned on. This option may be visually disturbing for other applications using windows not managed by fvwm. Since these applications are rare it is most likely safe to leave this option at its default.
QtDragnDropWorkaround suppresses the forwarding of unknown ClientEvent messages to windows — usually this is harmless, but Qt has problems handling unrecognised ClientEvent messages. Enabling this option might therefore help for Qt applications using DragnDrop. This option is off by default.
EWMHIconicStateWorkaround is needed by EWMH compliant pagers or taskbars which represent windows which are on a different desktops as iconified. These pagers and taskbars use a version of the EWMH specification before version 1.2 (the current KDE 2 & 3 versions). These pagers and taskbars use the IconicState WM_STATE state to determine if an application is iconified. This state, according to the ICCCM, does not imply that a window is iconified (in the usual sense). Turning on this option forces fvwm to establish an equivalence between the IconicState WM_STATE state and the iconified window. This violates ICCCM compliance but should not cause big problems. By default this option is off.
With the DisplayNewWindowNames enabled, fvwm prints the name, icon name (if available), resource and class of new windows to the console. This can help in finding the correct strings to use in the Style command.
When the ExplainWindowPlacement option is enabled, fvwm prints a message to the console whenever a new window is placed or PlaceAgain, is used. The message explains on which desk, page, screen and position it was placed and why. This option can be used to figure out why a specific window does not appear where you think it should.
The DebugCRMotionMethod option enables some debugging code in the ConfigureRequest handling routines of fvwm. It is not helpful for the user, but if you report a bug to the fvwm team we may ask you to enable this option.
The TransliterateUtf8 option enables transliteration during conversions from utf-8 strings. By default fvwm will not transliterate during conversion, but will fall back to alternate strings provided by the clients if conversion from utf-8 fails due to characters which have no direct correspondence in the target charecter set. Some clients however neglect to set non utf-8 properties correctly in which case this option may help.
BusyCursor [Option bool], ...
BusyCursor DynamicMenu False, ModuleSynchronous False, \ Read False, Wait False
The * option refers to all available options.
The Read option controls the PipeRead command.
The DynamicMenu option affects the DynamicPopupAction and MissingSubmenuFunction options of the AddToMenu command. If this option is set to "False", then the busy cursor is not displayed during a dynamic menu command even if this command is a Read or PipeRead command and the Read option is set to "True".
The ModuleSynchronous option affects the ModuleSynchronous command. If this option is set to "False", then the busy cursor is not displayed while fvwm waits for a module started by ModuleSynchronous to complete its startup.
The Wait option affects only the root cursor. During a wait pause the root cursor is replaced by the busy cursor and fvwm is still fully functional (you can escape from the pause, see the EscapeFunc command). If you want to use this option and if you do not use the default root cursor, you must set your root cursor with the CursorStyle command.
ClickTime [delay]
ClickTime also specifies the delay between two clicks to be interpreted as a double-click.
ColorLimit limit
ColormapFocus FollowsMouse | FollowsFocus
ColormapFocus FollowsFocus
then the installed colormap is the one for the window that currently has the keyboard focus.
CursorStyle context [num | name | None | Tiny | file [x y] [fg bg]]
POSITION (top_left_corner)
TITLE (top_left_arrow)
DEFAULT (top_left_arrow)
SYS (hand2)
MOVE (fleur)
RESIZE (sizing)
WAIT (watch)
MENU (top_left_arrow)
SELECT (crosshair)
DESTROY (pirate)
TOP (top_side)
RIGHT (right_side)
BOTTOM (bottom_side)
LEFT (left_side)
TOP_LEFT (top_left_corner)
TOP_RIGHT (top_right_corner)
BOTTOM_LEFT (bottom_left_corner)
BOTTOM_RIGHT (bottom_right_corner)
TOP_EDGE (top_side)
RIGHT_EDGE (right_side)
BOTTOM_EDGE (bottom_side)
LEFT_EDGE (left_side)
ROOT (left_ptr)
The defaults are shown in parentheses above. If you ever want to restore the default cursor for a specific context you can omit the second argument.
The second argument is either the numeric value of the cursor as defined in the include file X11/cursorfont.h or its name (without the XC_ prefix). Alternatively, the xpm file name may be specified. The name can also be None (no cursor) or Tiny (a single pixel as the cursor).
# make the kill cursor be XC_gumby (both forms work): CursorStyle DESTROY 56 CursorStyle DESTROY gumby
Alternatively, the cursor can be loaded from an (XPM, PNG or SVG) image file. If fvwm is compiled with Xcursor support, full ARGB is used, and (possibly animated) cursor files made with the xcursorgen program can be loaded. Otherwise the cursor is converted to monochrome.
The optional x and y arguments (following a file argument) specifies the hot-spot coordinate with 0 0 as the top left corner of the image. Coordinates within the image boundary are valid and overrides any hot-spot defined in the (XPM/Xcursor) image file. An invalid or undefined hot-spot is placed in the center of the image.
CursorStyle ROOT cursor_image.png 0 0
The optional fg and bg arguments specify the foreground and background colors for the cursor, defaulting to black and white (reverse video compared to the actual bitmap). These colors are only used with monochrome cursors. Otherwise they are silently ignored.
CursorStyle ROOT nice_arrow.xpm yellow black
DefaultFont [fontname]
DefaultIcon filename
DefaultLayers bottom put top
Deschedule [command_id]
Emulate Fvwm | Mwm | Win
EscapeFunc
Key Escape A MC - Key Escape A S EscapeFunc
replaces the Ctrl-Alt-Escape key sequence with Shift-Escape for aborting a Wait pause and ModuleSynchronous command. EscapeFunc used outside the Key command does nothing.
FakeClick [command value] ...
FakeClick depth 2 press 1 wait 250 release 1
This simulates a click with button 1 in the parent window (depth 2) with a delay of 250 milliseconds between the press and the release. Note: all command names can be abbreviated with their first letter.
FakeKeypress [command value] ...
Save all GVim sessions with: "Esc:w\n"
All (gvim) FakeKeypress press Escape \
press colon \
press w \
press Return
Save & exit all GVim sessions with: "Esc:wq\n"
All (gvim) FakeKeypress press Escape \
press colon \
press w \
press q \
press Return
Send A to a specific window:
WindowId 0x3800002 FakeKeypress press A
Note: all command names can be abbreviated with their first letter.
HilightColor textcolor backgroundcolor
Style * HilightFore textcolor, HilightBack backgroundcolor
instead.
HilightColorset [num]
Style * HilightColorset num
instead.
IconFont [fontname]
Style * IconFont fontname
instead.
IconPath path
ImagePath path
If a directory is given in the form "/some/dir;.ext", this means all images in this directory have the extension ".ext" that should be forced. The original image name (that may contain another extension or no extension at all) is not probed, instead ".ext" is added or replaces the original extension. This is useful, for example, if a user has some image directories with ".xpm" images and other image directories with the same names, but ".png" images.
The path may contain environment variables such as $HOME (or ${HOME}). Further, a '+' in the path is expanded to the previous value of the path, allowing appending or prepending to the path easily.
For example:
ImagePath $HOME/icons:+:/usr/include/X11/bitmaps
LocalePath path
/install_prefix/share/locale;fvwm
where install_prefix is the fvwm installation directory. With such a locale path translations are searched for in
/install_prefix/share/locale/lang/LC_MESSAGES/fvwm.mo
where lang depends on the locale. If no directory is given the default directory path is assumed. If no text domain is given, fvwm is assumed. Without argument the default locale path is restored.
As for the ImagePath command, path may contain environment variables and a '+' to append or prepend the locale path easily.
For example, the fvwm-themes package uses
LocalePath ";fvwm-themes:+"
to add locale catalogs.
The default fvwm catalog contains a few strings used by the fvwm executable itself (Desk and Geometry) and strings used in some default configuration files and FvwmForm configuration. You can take a look at the po/ subdirectory of the fvwm source to get the list of the strings with a possible translation in various languages. At present, very few languages are supported.
The main use of locale catalogs is via the "$[gt.string]" parameter:
DestroyMenu MenuFvwmWindowOps AddToMenu MenuFvwmWindowOps "$[gt.Window Ops]" Title + "$[gt.&Move]" Move + "$[gt.&Resize]" Resize + "$[gt.R&aise]" Raise + "$[gt.&Lower]" Lower + "$[gt.(De)&Iconify]" Iconify + "$[gt.(Un)&Stick]" Stick + "$[gt.(Un)Ma&ximize]" Maximize + "" Nop + "$[gt.&Close]" Close + "$[gt.&Destroy]" Destroy
gives a menu in the locale languages if translations are available.
Note that the FvwmScript module has a set of special instructions for string translation. It is out of the scope of this discussion to explain how to build locale catalogs. Please refer to the GNU gettext documentation.
PixmapPath path
PrintInfo subject [verbose]
An optional integer argument to debug log file, which defaults to $HOME/.fvwm/fvwm3-output.log . Environment variables $FVWM_USERDIR and $FVWM3_LOGFILE can alter this default. For this logfile to be written, either fvwm3 has to be started with -v option or SIGUSR2 signal can be used to toggle opening/closing debug log file.
An optional integer argument verbose defines the level of information which is given. The current valid subjects are:
Colors which prints information about the colors used by fvwm. This useful on screens which can only display 256 (or less) colors at once. If verbose is one or greater the palette used by fvwm is printed. If you have a limited color palette, and you run out of colors, this command might be helpful.
ImageCache which prints information about the images loaded by fvwm. If verbose is one or greater all images in the cache will be listed together with their respective reuse.
Locale which prints information on your locale and the fonts that fvwm used. verbose can be 1 or 2.
nls which prints information on the locale catalogs that fvwm used
style which prints information on fvwm styles. verbose can be 1.
bindings which prints information on all the bindings fvwm has: key and mouse bindings. verbose has no effect with this option.
infostore which prints information on all entries in the infostore, listing the key and its value. verbose has no effect with this option.
Schedule [Periodic] delay_ms [command_id] command
Note: A window’s id as it is returned with $[w.id] can be used as the command_id. Example:
Current Schedule 1000 $[w.id] WindowShade
The Schedule command also supports the optional keyword Periodic which indicates that the command should be executed every delay_ms. Example:
Schedule Periodic 10000 PipeRead '[ -N "$MAIL" ] && echo \
Echo You have mail'
Use the Deschedule command to stop periodic commands.
State state [bool]
WindowFont [fontname]
Style * Font fontname
instead.
WindowList [(conditions)] [position] [options] [double-click-action]
The format of the geometry part is: desk(layer): x-geometry sticky, where desk and layer are the corresponding numbers and sticky is empty or a capital S. The geometry of iconified windows is shown in parentheses. Selecting an item from the window list pop-up menu causes the interpreted function "WindowListFunc" to be run with the window id of that window passed in as $0. The default "WindowListFunc" looks like this:
AddToFunc WindowListFunc + I Iconify off + I FlipFocus + I Raise + I WarpToWindow 5p 5p
You can destroy the built-in "WindowListFunc" and create your own if these defaults do not suit you.
The window list menu uses the "WindowList" menu style if it is defined (see MenuStyle command). Otherwise the default menu style is used. To switch back to the default menu style, issue the command
DestroyMenuStyle WindowList
Example:
MenuStyle WindowList SelectOnRelease Meta_L
The conditions can be used to exclude certain windows from the window list. Please refer to the Current command for details. Only windows that match the given conditions are displayed in the window list. The options below work vice versa: windows that would otherwise not be included in the window list can be selected with them. The conditions always override the options.
The position arguments are the same as for Menu. The command double-click-action is invoked if the user double-clicks (or hits the key rapidly twice if the menu is bound to a key) when bringing the window list. The double-click-action must be quoted if it consists of more than one word.
The double-click-action is useful to define a default window if you have bound the window list to a key (or button) like this:
# Here we call an existing function, but # it may be different. See the default # WindowListFunc definition earlier in this # man page. AddToFunc SwitchToWindow + I WindowListFunc Key Tab A M WindowList "Prev SwitchToWindow"
Hitting Alt-Tab once it brings up the window list, if you hit it twice the focus is flipped between the current and the last focused window. With the proper SelectOnRelease menu style (see example above) a window is selected as soon as you release the Alt key.
The options passed to WindowList are separated by commas and can be Geometry / NoGeometry / NoGeometryWithInfo, NoDeskNum, NoLayer, NoNumInDeskTitle, NoCurrentDeskTitle, MaxLabelWidth width, TitleForAllDesks, Function funcname, Desk desknum, CurrentDesk, NoIcons / Icons / OnlyIcons, NoNormal / Normal / OnlyNormal, NoSticky / Sticky / OnlySticky, NoStickyAcrossPages / StickyAcrossPages / OnlyStickyAcrossPages, NoStickyAcrossDesks / StickyAcrossDesks / OnlyStickyAcrossDesks, NoOnTop / OnTop / OnlyOnTop, NoOnBottom / OnBottom / OnlyOnBottom, Layer m [n], UseSkipList / OnlySkipList, NoDeskSort, ReverseOrder, CurrentAtEnd, IconifiedAtEnd, UseIconName, Alphabetic / NotAlphabetic, SortByResource, SortByClass, NoHotkeys, SelectOnRelease.
(Note - normal means not iconic, sticky, or on top)
With the SortByResource option windows are alphabetically sorted first by resource class, then by resource name and then by window name (or icon name if UseIconName is specified). ReverseOrder also works in the expected manner.
With the SortByClass option windows are sorted just like with SortByResource, but the resource name is not taken into account, only the resource class.
The SelectOnRelease option works exactly like the MenuStyle option with the same name, but overrides the option given in a menu style. By default, this option is set to the left
key. To switch it off, use SelectOnRelease without a key name.
If you pass in a function via Function funcname, it is called within a window context of the selected window:
AddToFunc IFunc I Iconify toggle WindowList Function IFunc, NoSticky, CurrentDesk, NoIcons
If you use the Layer m [n] option, only windows in layers between m and n are displayed. n defaults to m. With the ReverseOrder option the order of the windows in the list is reversed.
With the CurrentAtEnd option the currently focused window (if any) is shown at the bottom of the list. This is mostly intended for simulating the Alt-Tab behavior in another GUI.
IconifiedAtEnd makes iconified windows be moved to the end of the list. This is also from another GUI.
The NoGeometry option causes fvwm to not display the geometries as well as the separators which indicate the different desktops. NoGeometryWithInfo removes the geometries, but keep the desktop information and indicates iconic windows. NoDeskNum causes fvwm to not display the desktop number in the geometry or before the window title with the NoGeometryWithInfo option. NoNumInDeskTitle is only useful if a desktop name is defined with the DesktopName command. It causes fvwm to not display the desktop number before the desktop name. By default, the WindowList menu have a title which indicates the current desk or the selected desktop if the Desk condition is used. The NoCurrentDeskTitle option removes this title. TitleForAllDesks causes fvwm to add a menu title with the desk name and/or number before each group of windows on the same desk. With NoLayer, the layer of the window is not displayed. The options ShowPage, ShowPageX and ShowPageY enable displaying the page of the window rounded multiples of the display size. With ShowScreen, the window’s screen name is displayed.
The MaxLabelWidth option takes the number of characters to print as its argument. No more than that many characters of the window name are visible.
If you wanted to use the WindowList as an icon manager, you could invoke the following:
WindowList OnlyIcons, Sticky, OnTop, Geometry
(Note - the Only options essentially wipe out all other ones... but the OnlyListSkip option which just causes WindowList to only consider the windows with WindowListSkip style.)
XSync
XSynchronize [bool]
+
Window Movement and Placement¶
AnimatedMove x y [Warp]
GeometryWindow Hide | Show | Colorset n | Position x y | Screen S
GeometryWindow Hide [Never | Move | Resize]
Hides or switches off the geometry window. If the optional parameters Move or Resize are given, it will only hide the geometry window during the respective operation. The parameter Never will switch the geometry back on again (equivalent to Show).
GeometryWindow Show [Never | Move | Resize]
Shows or switches on the geometry window (equivalent to Hide Never). If the optional parameters Move or Resize are given, it will only show the geometry window during the respective operation. The parameter Never will switch the geometry window off (equivalent to Hide).
GeometryWindow Colorset cset
Sets colorset of the gometry window to cset. Use the literal option default for cset to use the default colorset.
GeometryWindow Position [+|-]x[p] [+|-]y[p]
Configures the position the geometry window appears. x and y are the relative coordinates as a percentage of the screen size. If a leading '-' is provided the coordinates are computed from the left/bottom of the screen respectively. If the coordinates are appended with a 'p', they are interpreted as the number of pixels from the respective screen edge. If no position arguments are given, the geometry window’s position will return to its default state of the upper left corner or the center if emulating MWM.
GeometryWindow Screen RANDRNAME
Configure which screen the geometry window is shown on. By default the geometry window is shown on the current screen. If a valid RANDRNAME is provided, the geometry window will always be shown on that screen. Use current as the RANDRNAME to return the default.
Examples:
# Position the geometry window in the center of the screen GeometryWindow Position 50 50 # Position the geometry window next to the RightPanel GeometryWindow Position -120p 0 # Use colorset 2 for the geometry window GeometryWindow Colorset 2 # Only show the geometry window on the primary monitor GeometryWindow Screen $[monitor.primary] # Hide the geometry window GeometryWindow Hide
HideGeometryWindow [Never | Move | Resize]
Layer [arg1 arg2] | [default]
As a special case, default puts the window in its default layer, i.e. the layer it was initially in. The same happens if no or invalid arguments are specified.
Lower
AddToFunc lower-to-bottom
+ I Layer 0 0
+ I Lower
Move [options]
Move without options starts an interactive move. The window may snap to other windows and screen boundaries, configurable with the SnapAttraction style. Moving a window to the edge of the screen can be used to drag the window to other pages. (See EdgeScroll, and the EdgeMoveDelay style for more information.)
Holding down Alt disables snapping and allows one to switch pages without any delay. Interactive movement can be aborted with the Escape key or any mouse button not set to place the window. By default mouse button 2 is set to cancel the move operation. To change this you may use the Mouse command with special context 'P' for Placement.
The window condition PlacedByButton can be used to check if a specific button was pressed to place the window (see Current command).
If the single argument pointer is given, the top left corner of the window is moved to the pointer position before starting an interactive move; this is mainly intended for internal use by modules like FvwmPager.
Move pointer
To move a window in a given direction until it hits another window, icon, or screen boundary use:
Move shuffle [Warp] [ewmhiwa] [snap type] [layers
min max] direction(s)
The direction can be North/N/Up/U, East/E/Right/R, South/S/Down/D, or West/W/Left/L. The window will move in the given direction until it hits another window or the EwmhBaseStruts/screen boundary. When a window is at the EwmhBaseStruts/screen boundary, it will move to the next monitor in the given direction, if it exists. If a window is outside of the current working area (partly off screen), it will move to the edge of the working area. Windows will honor the EWMH working area and stop at the EwmhBaseStruts unless the literal option ewmhiwa is given. If multiple direction(s) are given, the window will move the directions in the order of the sequence stated.
The literal option Warp will warp the mouse pointer to the window. If the literal option snap followed by a snap type of windows, icons, or same is given, then the window will only stop if it hits another window, icon, or the same type. If the literal option layers followed by a min layer and max layer is given, then only windows on the layers between min and max layers will stop the window. For example:
# Shuffle the window Right. Move shuffle Right # Shuffle Up, only consider windows on Layer 3. Move shuffle layers 3 3 Up # Shuffle Left then Up Move shuffle Left Up # Shuffle Up then Left (may not be same position as above) Move shuffle Up Left
Move can be used to moved a window to a specified position:
Move [screen S] [w | m | v]x[p | w] [w | m |
v]y[p | w] [Warp] [ewmhiwa]
This will move the window to the x and y position (see below). By default, the EWMH working area is honoured. If he trailing option ewmhiwa is given, then the window position will ignore the working area (such as ignoring any values set via EwmhBaseStruts). If the option Warp is given then the pointer is warped to the window.
If the literal option screen followed by a RandR screen name S is specified, the coordinates are interpreted as relative to the given screen. The width and height of the screen are used for the calculations instead of the display dimensions. The screen is interpreted as in the MoveToScreen command.
The positional arguments x and y can specify an absolute or relative position from either the left/top or right/bottom of the screen. By default, the numeric value given is interpreted as a percentage of the screen width/height, but a trailing 'p' changes the interpretation to mean pixels, while a trailing 'w' means percent of the window width/height. To move the window relative to its current position, add the 'w' (for "window") prefix before the x and/or y value. To move the window to a position relative to the current location of the pointer, add the 'm' (for "mouse") prefix. To move the window relative to the virtual screen coordinates, add the 'v' (for "virtual screen") prefix. This is mostly for internal use with FvwmPager, but can be used to give exact coordinates on the virtual screen and is best used with the 'p' suffix. To leave either coordinate unchanged, "keep" can be specified in place of x or y.
For advanced uses, the arguments x and y can be used multiple times, but without the prefix 'm' or 'w'. (See complex examples below).
Simple Examples:
# Interactive move Mouse 1 T A Move # Move window to top left is at (10%,10%) Mouse 2 T A Move 10 10 # Move top left to (10pixels,10pixels) Mouse 3 T A Move 10p 10p
More complex examples (these can be bound as actions to keystrokes, etc.; only the command is shown, though):
# Move window so bottom right is at bottom # right of screen Move -0 -0 # Move window so top left corner is 10 pixels # off the top left screen edge Move +-10 +-10 # Move window 5% to the right, and to the # middle vertically Move w+5 50 # Move window up 10 pixels, and so left edge # is at x=40 pixels Move 40p w-10p # Move window to the mouse pointer location Move m+0 m+0 # Move window to center of screen (50% of screen # position minus 50% of widow size). Move 50-50w 50-50w
See also the AnimatedMove command.
MoveToDesk [prev | arg1 [arg2] [min max]]
MoveThreshold [pixels]
Previous versions of fvwm hardwired pixels to 3, which is now the default value. If pixels is negative or omitted the default value (which might be increased when 16000x9000 pixel displays become affordable) is restored.
MoveToPage [options] [x[p | w] y[p | w]] | [prev]
Windows are usually not moved beyond desk boundaries.
Possible options are wrapx and wrapy to wrap around the x or y coordinate when the window is moved beyond the border of the desktop. For example, with wrapx, when the window moves past the right edge of the desktop, it reappears on the left edge. The options nodesklimitx and nodesklimity allow moving windows beyond the desk boundaries in x and y direction (disabling the wrapx and wrapy options).
Examples:
# Move window to page (2,3) MoveToPage 2 3 # Move window to lowest and rightmost page MoveToPage -1 -1 # Move window to last page visited MoveToPage prev # Move window two pages to the right and one # page up, wrap at desk boundaries MoveToPage wrapx wrapy +2p -1p
MoveToScreen [screen]
OpaqueMoveSize [percentage]
OpaqueMoveSize 0
all windows are moved using the traditional rubber-band outline. With
OpaqueMoveSize unlimited
or if a negative percentage is given all windows are moved as solid windows. The default is
OpaqueMoveSize 5
which allows small windows to be moved in an opaque manner but large windows are moved as rubber-bands. If percentage is omitted or invalid the default value is set. To resize windows in an opaque manner you can use the ResizeOpaque style. See the Style command.
PlaceAgain [Anim] [Icon]
Raise
AddToFunc raise-to-top
+ I Layer 0 ontop
+ I Raise
where ontop is the highest layer used in your setup.
RaiseLower
Resize [[frame] [direction dir] [warptoborder automatic] [fixeddirection] width[p | c | wa | da] height[p | c]]
Resize without options starts an interactive resize.
If the EdgeResizeDelay style is set or the Alt key is held down, the window can be resized across the edge of the screen.
The operation can be aborted with the Escape key or by pressing any mouse button (except button 1 which confirms it).
If the optional arguments width and height are provided, then the window is resized so that its dimensions are width by height. The units of width and height are percent-of-screen, unless a letter 'p' is appended to one or both coordinates, in which case the location is specified in pixels. With a 'c' suffix the unit defined by the client application (hence the c) is used. With the suffix 'wa' the value is a percentage of the width or height size of the EWMH working area, and with the suffix 'da' it is a percentage of the width or height of the EWMH dynamic working area. So you can say
Resize 80c 24c
to make a terminal window just big enough for 80x24 characters.
If the width or height is prefixed with the letter 'w' the size is not taken as an absolute value but added to the current size of the window. Example:
# Enlarge window by one line Resize keep w+1c
Both, width and height can be negative. In this case the new size is the screen size minus the given value. If either value is "keep", the corresponding dimension of the window is left untouched. The new size is the size of the client window, thus
Resize 100 100
may make the window bigger than the screen. To base the new size on the size of the whole fvwm window, add the frame option after the command. The options fixeddirection, direction and warptoborder are only used in interactive move operations. With fixeddirection the same border is moved even if the pointer moves past the opposite border. The direction option must be followed by a direction name such as "NorthWest", "South" or "East" (you get the idea). Resizing is started immediately, even if the pointer is not on a border. If the special option automatic is given as a direction argument, then the direction to resize is calculated based on the position of the pointer in the window. If the pointer is in the middle of the window, then no direction is calculated. The warptoborder option can be used to warp the pointer to the direction indicated. As with the automatic option for direction, the border to warp to is calculated based on the pointer’s proximity to a given border. Also, if resizing is started by clicking on the window border, the pointer is warped to the outer edge of the border.
AddToFunc ResizeSE I Resize Direction SE Mouse 3 A M ResizeSE
Resize [bottomright | br x y]
ResizeMaximize [resize-arguments]
ResizeMove resize-arguments move-arguments
Examples:
# Move window to top left corner and cover # most of the screen ResizeMove -10p -20p 0 0 # Grow the focused window towards the top of screen Current Resize keep w+$[w.y]p keep 0
Note: Fvwm may not be able to parse the command properly if the option bottomright of the Resize command is used.
ResizeMoveMaximize resize-arguments move-arguments
RestackTransients
SetAnimation milliseconds-delay [fractions-to-move-list]
SetAnimation 10 -.01 0 .01 .03 .08 .18 .3 \ .45 .6 .75 .85 .90 .94 .97 .99 1.0
Sets the delay between frames to 10 milliseconds, and sets the positions of the 16 frames of the animation motion. Negative values are allowed, and in particular can be used to make the motion appear more cartoonish, by briefly moving slightly in the opposite direction of the main motion. The above settings are the default.
SnapAttraction [proximity [behaviour] [Screen]]
SnapGrid [x-grid-size y-grid-size]
WindowsDesk arg1 [arg2]
This command has been removed and must be replaced by MoveToDesk, the arguments for which are the same as for the GotoDesk command.
+ *Important*
You cannot simply change the name of the command: the syntax has changed. If you used:
WindowsDesk n
to move a window to desk n, you have to change it to:
MoveToDesk 0 n
XorPixmap [pixmap]
XorValue [number]
Focus & Mouse Movement¶
CursorMove horizontal[p] vertical[p]
CursorMove 100 100
means to move down and right by one full page.
CursorMove 50 25
means to move right half a page and down a quarter of a page. Alternatively, the distance can be specified in pixels by appending a 'p' to the horizontal and/or vertical specification. For example
CursorMove -10p -10p
means move ten pixels up and ten pixels left. The CursorMove function should not be called from pop-up menus.
FlipFocus [NoWarp]
Focus [NoWarp]
When the NoWarp argument is given, Focus cannot transfer the keyboard focus to windows on other desks.
To raise and/or warp a pointer to a window together with Focus or FlipFocus, use a function, like:
AddToFunc SelectWindow + I Focus + I Iconify false + I Raise + I WarpToWindow 50 8p
WarpToWindow [!raise | raise] x[p] y[p]
WindowId root WarpToWindow 50 50
Window State¶
Close
Delete
Destroy
Iconify [bool]
There are a number of Style options which influence the appearance and behavior of icons (e.g. StickyIcon, NoIcon).
For backward compatibility, the optional argument may also be a positive number instead of "True", or a negative number instead of "False". Note that this syntax is obsolete, and will be removed in the future.
Maximize [flags] [bool | forget] [horizontal[p]] [vertical[p]]
With just the parameter "forget" a maximized window reverts back into normal state but keeps its current maximized size. This can be useful in conjunction with the commands ResizeMaximize and ResizeMoveMaximize. If the window is not maximized, nothing happens.
With the optional arguments horizontal and vertical, which are expressed as percentage of a full screen, the user can control the new size of the window. An optional suffix 'p' can be used to indicate pixels instead of percents of the screen size. If horizontal is greater than 0 then the horizontal dimension of the window is set to horizontal*screen_width/100. If the value is smaller than 0 the size is subtracted from the screen width, i.e. -25 is the same as 75. If horizontal is "grow", it is maximized to current available space until finding any obstacle. The vertical resizing is similar. If both horizontal and vertical values are "grow", it expands vertically first, then horizontally to find space. Instead of the horizontal "grow" argument, "growleft" or "growright" can be used respectively "growup" and "growdown". The optional flags argument is a space separated list containing the following key words: fullscreen, ewmhiwa, growonwindowlayer, growonlayers and screen. fullscreen causes the window to become fullscreened if the appropriate EWMH hint is set. ewmhiwa causes fvwm to ignore the EWMH working area. growonwindowlayer causes the various grow methods to ignore windows with a layer other than the current layer of the window which is maximized. The growonlayers option must have two integer arguments. The first one is the minimum layer and the second one the maximum layer to use. Windows that are outside of this range of layers are ignored by the grow methods. A negative value as the first or second argument means to assume no minimum or maximum layer. screen must have an argument which specifies the screen on which to operate.
Here are some examples. The following adds a title-bar button to switch a window to the full vertical size of the screen:
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize 0 100
The following causes windows to be stretched to the full width:
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize 100 0
This makes a window that is half the screen size in each direction:
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize 50 50
To expand a window horizontally until any other window is found:
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize 0 grow
To expand a window until any other window on the same or a higher layer is hit.
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize growonlayers $[w.layer] -1 grow grow
To expand a window but leave the lower 60 pixels of the screen unoccupied:
Mouse 0 4 A Maximize 100 -60p
Values larger than 100 can be used with caution.
Refresh
RefreshWindow
Stick [bool]
StickAcrossPages [bool]
StickAcrossDesks [bool]
WindowShade [bool] | [[ShadeAgain] direction]
Style * WindowShadeShrinks, WindowShadeSteps 20, \
WindowShadeLazy Mouse 1 - S WindowShade North Mouse 1 [ S WindowShade West Mouse 1 ] S WindowShade E Mouse 1 _ S WindowShade S
Note: When a window that has been shaded with a direction argument changes the direction of the window title (see TitleAtTop Style option), the shading direction does not change. This may look very strange. Windows that were shaded without a direction argument stay shaded in the direction of the title bar.
For backward compatibility, the optional argument may also be 1 to signify "on", and 2 to signify "off". Note that this syntax is obsolete, and will be removed in the future.
WindowShadeAnimate [steps [p]]
Mouse & Key Bindings¶
IgnoreModifiers [Modifiers]
Modifiers has the same syntax as in the Mouse or Key bindings, with the addition of 'L' meaning the caps lock key. The default is "L". Modifiers can be omitted, meaning no modifiers are ignored. This command comes in handy if the num-lock and scroll-lock keys interfere with your shortcuts. With XFree86 '2' usually is the num-lock modifier and '5' refers to the scroll-lock key. To turn all these pesky modifiers off you can use this command:
IgnoreModifiers L25
If the Modifiers argument is the string "default", fvwm reverts back to the default value "L".
Important This command creates a lot of extra network traffic, depending on your CPU, network connection, the number of Key or Mouse commands in your configuration file and the number of modifiers you want to ignore. If you do not have a lightning fast machine or very few bindings you should not ignore more than two modifiers. I.e. do not ignore
if you have no problem with it. In the FAQ you can find a better solution of this problem.
EdgeCommand [screen RANDRNAME] [direction [Function]]
Function is executed when the mouse pointer enters the invisible pan frames that surround the visible screen. The binding works only if EdgeThickness is set to a value greater than 0. If a function is bound to an edge, scrolling specified by EdgeScroll is disabled for this edge. It is possible to bind a function only to some edges and use the other edges for scrolling. This command is intended to raise or lower certain windows when the mouse pointer enters an edge. FvwmAuto can be used get a delay when raising or lowering windows. The following example raises FvwmButtons if the mouse pointer enters the top edge of the screen.
# Disable EdgeScrolling but make it possible # to move windows over the screen edge EdgeResistance -1 Style * EdgeMoveDelay 250 Style * EdgeMoveResistance 20 # Set thickness of the edge of the screen to 1 EdgeThickness 1 # Give focus to FvwmButtons if the mouse # hits top edge EdgeCommand Top Next (FvwmButtons) Focus # Make sure the Next command matches the window Style FvwmButtons CirculateHit Module FvwmButtons Module FvwmAuto 100 "Silent AutoRaiseFunction" \
"Silent AutoLowerFunction" # If any window except FvwmButtons has # focus when calling this function # FvwmButtons are lowered DestroyFunc AutoLowerFunction AddToFunc AutoLowerFunction + I Current (!FvwmButtons) All (FvwmButtons) Lower # If FvwmButtons has focus when calling this function raise it DestroyFunc AutoRaiseFunction AddToFunc AutoRaiseFunction + I Current (FvwmButtons) Raise
Normally, the invisible pan frames are only on the screen edges that border virtual pages. If a screen edge has a command bound to it, the pan frame is always created on that edge.
EdgeLeaveCommand [screen RANDRNAME] [direction [Function]]
Function is executed when the mouse pointer leaves the invisible pan frames that surround the visible screen. The binding works only if EdgeThickness is set to a value greater than 0. If a function is bound to an edge, scrolling specified by EdgeScroll is disabled for this edge. It is possible to bind a function only to some edges and use the other edges for scrolling. This command is intended to raise or lower certain windows when the mouse pointer leaves an edge. FvwmAuto can be used get a delay when raising or lowering windows. See example for EdgeCommand
Normally, the invisible pan frames are only on the screen edges that border virtual pages. If a screen edge has a command bound to it, the pan frame is always created on that edge.
Key [(window)] Keyname Context Modifiers Function
key held are guaranteed to work. The Context and Modifiers fields are defined as in the Mouse binding. However, when you press a key the context window is the window that has the keyboard focus. That is not necessarily the same as the window the pointer is over (with SloppyFocus or ClickToFocus). Note that key bindings with the 'R' (root window) context do not work properly with SloppyFocus and ClickToFocus. If you encounter problems, use the PointerKey command instead. If you want to bind keys to a window with SloppyFocus or ClickToFocus that are supposed to work when the pointer is not over the window, fvwm assumes the pointer is over the client window (i.e. you have to use the 'W' context).
The special context 'M' for menus can be used to (re)define the menu controls. It be used alone or together with 'T', 'S', 'I', '[', ']', '-' and '_'. See the Menu Bindings section for details.
The following example binds the built-in window list to pop up when
is hit, no matter where the mouse pointer is:
Key F11 A SCM WindowList
Binding a key to a title-bar button causes that button to appear. Please refer to the Mouse command for details.
Mouse [(window)] Button Context Modifiers Function
Context describes where the binding applies. Valid contexts are 'R' for the root window, 'W' for an application window, 'D' for a desktop application (as kdesktop or Nautilus desktop), 'T' for a window title-bar, 'S' for a window side, top, or bottom bar, '[', ']', '-' and '_' for the left, right, top or bottom side only, 'F' for a window frame (the corners), '<', '^', '>' and 'v' for the top left, top right, bottom right or bottom left corner, 'I' for an icon window, or '0' through '9' for title-bar buttons, or any combination of these letters. 'A' is for any context. For instance, a context of "FST" applies when the mouse is anywhere in a window’s border except the title-bar buttons. Only 'S' and 'W' are valid for an undecorated window.
The special context 'M' for menus can be used to (re)define the menu controls. It can be used alone or together with 'T', 'S', 'I', '[', ']', '-' and '_'. See the Menu Bindings section for details.
The special context 'P' controls what buttons that can be used to place a window. When using this context no modifiers are allowed (Modifiers must be N), no window is allowed, and the Function must be one of PlaceWindow, PlaceWindowDrag, PlaceWindowInteractive, CancelPlacement, CancelPlacementDrag, CancelPlacementInteractive or -.
PlaceWindow makes Button usable for window placement, both for interactive and drag move. CancelPlacement does the inverse. That is makes Button to cancel move for both interactive and drag move. It may however not override how new windows are resized after being placed. This is controlled by the Emulate command. Also a window being dragged can always be placed by releasing the button hold while dragging, regardless of if it is set to PlaceWindow or not.
PlaceWindowDrag and PlaceWindowInteractive/CancelPlacementDrag and CancelPlacementInteractive work as PlaceWindow/CancelPlacement with the exception that they only affect either windows dragged / placed interactively.
- is equivalent to CancelPlacement.
The following example makes all buttons but button 3 usable for interactive placement and makes drag moves started by other buttons than one cancel if button 1 is pressed before finishing the move:
Mouse 0 P N PlaceWindow Mouse 3 P N CancelPlacement Mouse 1 P N CancelPlacementDrag
By default, the binding applies to all windows. You can specify that a binding only applies to specific windows by specifying the window name in brackets. The window name is a wildcard pattern specifying the class, resource or name of the window you want the binding to apply to.
The following example shows how the same key-binding can be used to perform different functions depending on the window that is focused:
Key (rxvt) V A C Echo ctrl-V-in-RXVT Key (*term) V A C Echo ctrl-V-in-Term Key (*vim) V A C -- Key V A C Echo ctrl-V-elsewhere
A '--' action indicates that the event should be propagated to the specified window to handle. This is only a valid action for window-specific bindings.
This example shows how to display the WindowList when Button 3 is pressed on an rxvt window:
Mouse (rxvt) 3 A A WindowList
Note that Fvwm actually intercepts all events for a window-specific binding and (if the focused window doesn’t match any of the bindings) sends a synthetic copy of the event to the window. This should be transparent to most applications, however (for security reasons) some programs ignore these synthetic events by default - xterm is one of them. To enable handling of these events, add the following line to your ~/.Xdefaults file:
XTerm*allowSendEvents: true
Modifiers is any combination of 'N' for no modifiers, 'C' for control, 'S' for shift, 'M' for Meta, 'L' for Caps-Lock or 'A' for any modifier. For example, a modifier of "SM" applies when both the
and
keys are down. X11 modifiers mod1 through mod5 are represented as the digits '1' through '5'. The modifier 'L' is ignored by default. To turn it on, use the IgnoreModifiers command.
Function is one of fvwm’s commands.
The title-bar buttons are numbered with odd numbered buttons on the left side of the title-bar and even numbers on the right. Smaller-numbered buttons are displayed toward the outside of the window while larger-numbered buttons appear toward the middle of the window (0 is short for 10). In summary, the buttons are numbered:
1 3 5 7 9 0 8 6 4 2
The highest odd numbered button which has an action bound to it determines the number of buttons drawn on the left side of the title bar. The highest even number determines the number of right side buttons which are drawn. Actions can be bound to either mouse buttons or keyboard keys.
PointerKey [(window)] Keyname Context Modifiers Function
Example:
Style * SloppyFocus PointerKey f1 a m Menu MainMenu
Controlling Window Styles¶
For readability, the commands in this section are not sorted alphabetically. The description of the Style command can be found at the end of this section.
FocusStyle stylename options
FocusStyle * EnterToFocus, !LeaveToUnfocus
is equivalent to
Style * FPEnterToFocus, !FPLeaveToUnfocus
DestroyStyle style
Destroying style "*" can be done, but isn’t really to be recommended. For example:
DestroyStyle Application*
This removes all settings for the style named "Application*", NOT all styles starting with "Application".
DestroyWindowStyle
UpdateStyles
Style stylename options ...
stylename can be a window’s name, class, visible name, or resource string. It may contain the wildcards '' and '?', which are matched in the usual Unix filename manner. Multiple style options in a single *Style command are read from left to right as if they were issued one after each other in separate commands. A given style always overrides all conflicting styles that have been issued earlier (or further left on the same style line).
Note: windows that have no name (WM_NAME) are given a name of "Untitled", and windows that do not have a class (WM_CLASS, res_class) are given class "NoClass" and those that do not have a resource (WM_CLASS, res_name) are given resource "NoResource".
If a window has the resource "fvwmstyle" set, the value of that resource is used in addition to any window names when selecting the style.
options is a comma separated list containing one or more of the following keywords. Each group of style names is separated by slashes ('/'). The last style in these groups is the default. BorderWidth, HandleWidth, CornerLength, !Icon / Icon, MiniIcon, IconBox, IconGrid, IconFill, IconSize, !Title / Title, TitleAtBottom / TitleAtLeft / TitleAtRight / TitleAtTop, LeftTitleRotatedCW / LeftTitleRotatedCCW, RightTitleRotatedCCW / RightTitleRotatedCW, TopTitleRotated / TopTitleNotRotated, BottomTitleRotated / BottomTitleNotRotated, !UseTitleDecorRotation / UseTitleDecorRotation, StippledTitle / !StippledTitle, StippledIconTitle / !StippledIconTitle, IndexedWindowName / ExactWindowName, IndexedIconName / ExactIconName, TitleFormat / IconTitleFormat / !Borders / Borders, !Handles / Handles, WindowListSkip / WindowListHit, CirculateSkip / CirculateHit, CirculateSkipShaded / CirculateHitShaded, CirculateSkipIcon / CirculateHitIcon, Layer, StaysOnTop / StaysOnBottom / StaysPut, Sticky / Slippery, StickyAcrossPages / !StickyAcrossPages, StickyAcrossDesks / !StickyAcrossDesks, !StickyStippledTitle / StickyStippledTitle, !StickyStippledIconTitle / StickyStippledIconTitle, StartIconic / StartNormal, Colorset, HilightColorset, BorderColorset, HilightBorderColorset, IconTitleColorset, HilightIconTitleColorset, IconBackgroundColorset, IconTitleRelief, IconBackgroundRelief, IconBackgroundPadding, Font, IconFont, StartsOnDesk / StartsOnPage / StartsAnyWhere, StartsOnScreen, StartShaded / !StartShaded, ManualPlacementHonorsStartsOnPage / ManualPlacementIgnoresStartsOnPage, CaptureHonorsStartsOnPage / CaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage, RecaptureHonorsStartsOnPage / RecaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage, StartsOnPageIncludesTransients / StartsOnPageIgnoresTransients, IconTitle / !IconTitle, MwmButtons / FvwmButtons, MwmBorder / FvwmBorder, MwmDecor / !MwmDecor, MwmFunctions / !MwmFunctions, HintOverride / !HintOverride, !Button / Button, ResizeHintOverride / !ResizeHintOverride, OLDecor / !OLDecor, StickyIcon / SlipperyIcon, StickyAcrossPagesIcon / !StickyAcrossPagesIcon, StickyAcrossDesksIcon / !StickyAcrossDesksIcon, ManualPlacement / CascadePlacement / MinOverlapPlacement / MinOverlapPercentPlacement / TileManualPlacement / TileCascadePlacement / PositionPlacement, MinOverlapPlacementPenalties, MinOverlapPercentPlacementPenalties, DecorateTransient / NakedTransient, DontRaiseTransient / RaiseTransient, DontLowerTransient / LowerTransient, DontStackTransientParent / StackTransientParent, SkipMapping / ShowMapping, ScatterWindowGroups / KeepWindowGroupsOnDesk, UseDecor, UseStyle, !UsePPosition / NoPPosition / UsePPosition, !UseUSPosition, NoUSPosition / UseUSPosition, !UseTransientPPosition, NoTransientPPosition / UseTransientPPosition, !UseTransientUSPosition / NoTransientUSPosition / UseTransientUSPosition, !UseIconPosition / NoIconPosition / UseIconPosition, Lenience / !Lenience, ClickToFocus / SloppyFocus / MouseFocus|FocusFollowsMouse / NeverFocus, ClickToFocusPassesClickOff / ClickToFocusPassesClick, ClickToFocusRaisesOff / ClickToFocusRaises, MouseFocusClickRaises / MouseFocusClickRaisesOff, GrabFocus / GrabFocusOff, GrabFocusTransientOff / GrabFocusTransient, FPFocusClickButtons, FPFocusClickModifiers, !FPSortWindowlistByFocus / FPSortWindowlistByFocus, FPClickRaisesFocused / !FPClickRaisesFocused, FPClickDecorRaisesFocused / !FPClickDecorRaisesFocused, FPClickIconRaisesFocused / !FPClickIconRaisesFocused, !FPClickRaisesUnfocused / FPClickRaisesUnfocused, FPClickDecorRaisesUnfocused / !FPClickDecorRaisesUnfocused, FPClickIconRaisesUnfocused / !FPClickIconRaisesUnfocused, FPClickToFocus / !FPClickToFocus, FPClickDecorToFocus / !FPClickDecorToFocus, FPClickIconToFocus / !FPClickIconToFocus, !FPEnterToFocus / FPEnterToFocus, !FPLeaveToUnfocus / FPLeaveToUnfocus, !FPFocusByProgram / FPFocusByProgram, !FPFocusByFunction / FPFocusByFunction, FPFocusByFunctionWarpPointer / !FPFocusByFunctionWarpPointer, FPLenient / !FPLenient, !FPPassFocusClick / FPPassFocusClick, !FPPassRaiseClick / FPPassRaiseClick, FPIgnoreFocusClickMotion / !FPIgnoreFocusClickMotion, FPIgnoreRaiseClickMotion / !FPIgnoreRaiseClickMotion, !FPAllowFocusClickFunction / FPAllowFocusClickFunction, !FPAllowRaiseClickFunction / FPAllowRaiseClickFunction, FPGrabFocus / !FPGrabFocus, !FPGrabFocusTransient / FPGrabFocusTransient, FPOverrideGrabFocus / !FPOverrideGrabFocus, FPReleaseFocus / !FPReleaseFocus, !FPReleaseFocusTransient / FPReleaseFocusTransient, FPOverrideReleaseFocus / !FPOverrideReleaseFocus, StartsLowered / StartsRaised, IgnoreRestack / AllowRestack, FixedPosition / VariablePosition, FixedUSPosition / VariableUSPosition, FixedPPosition / VariablePPosition, FixedSize / VariableSize, FixedUSSize / VariableUSSize, FixedPSize / VariablePSize, !Closable / Closable, !Iconifiable / Iconifiable, !Maximizable / Maximizable, !AllowMaximizeFixedSize / AllowMaximizeFixedSize, IconOverride / NoIconOverride / NoActiveIconOverride, DepressableBorder / FirmBorder, MinWindowSize, MaxWindowSize, IconifyWindowGroups / IconifyWindowGroupsOff, ResizeOpaque / ResizeOutline, BackingStore / BackingStoreOff / BackingStoreWindowDefault, Opacity / ParentalRelativity, SaveUnder / SaveUnderOff, WindowShadeShrinks / WindowShadeScrolls, WindowShadeSteps, WindowShadeAlwaysLazy / WindowShadeBusy / WindowShadeLazy, EWMHDonateIcon / EWMHDontDonateIcon, EWMHDonateMiniIcon / EWMHDontDonateMiniIcon, EWMHMiniIconOverride / EWMHNoMiniIconOverride, EWMHUseStackingOrderHints / EWMHIgnoreStackingOrderHints, EWMHIgnoreStateHints / EWMHUseStateHints, EWMHIgnoreStrutHints / EWMHUseStrutHints, EWMHIgnoreWindowType / !EWMHIgnoreWindowType, EWMHMaximizeIgnoreWorkingArea / EWMHMaximizeUseWorkingArea / EWMHMaximizeUseDynamicWorkingArea, EWMHPlacementIgnoreWorkingArea / EWMHPlacementUseWorkingArea / EWMHPlacementUseDynamicWorkingArea, MoveByProgramMethod, Unmanaged, State, SnapGrid, SnapAttraction, EdgeMoveDelay, EdgeResizeDelay. EdgeMoveResistance, InitialMapCommand
In the above list some options are listed as style-option/opposite-style-option. The opposite-style-option for entries that have them describes the fvwm default behavior and can be used if you want to change the fvwm default behavior.
Focus policy
The focus model can be augmented with several additional options. In fvwm-2.5.3 and later, there are a large number of advanced options beginning with "FP" or "!FP". These options shall replace the older options one day and are described first. Using any of these new options may limit compatibility with older releases. In general, options beginning with "FP" turn a feature on, while those beginning with "!FP" turn it off.
Focusing the window
With FPLeaveToUnfocus a window loses focus when the pointer leaves it.
With FPClickToFocus, FPClickDecorToFocus or FPClickIconToFocus, a window receives focus when the inside of the window or the decorations or its icon is clicked.
The FPFocusByProgram style allows windows to take the focus themselves.
The !FPFocusByFunction style forbids that a window receives the focus via the Focus and FlipFocus commands.
The FPFocusByFunctionWarpPointer style controls if the pointer is warped to a selected window when the Focus command is used.
FPLenient allows focus on windows that do not want it, like FvwmPager or xclock.
The FPFocusClickButtons style takes a list of mouse buttons that can be clicked to focus or raise a window when the appropriate style is used. The default is to use the first three buttons ("123").
The FPFocusClickModifiers style takes a list of modifier keys just like the Key command. The exact combination of modifier keys must be pressed for the click to focus or raise a window to work. The default is to use no modifiers ("N").
With the FPPassFocusClick style, the click that was used to focus a window is passed to the application.
With the FPAllowFocusClickFunction style, the click that was used to focus a window can also trigger a normal action that was bound to the window with the Mouse command).
If the FPIgnoreFocusClickMotion style is used, clicking in a window and then dragging the pointer with the button held down does not count as the click to focus the window. Instead, the application processes these events normally. This is useful to select text in a terminal window with the mouse without raising the window. However, mouse bindings on the client window are not guaranteed to work anymore (see Mouse command). This style forces the initial click to be passed to the application. The distance that the pointer must be moved to trigger this is controlled by the MoveThreshold command.
The FPSortWindowlistByFocus and !FPSortWindowlistByFocus styles control whether the internal window list is sorted in the order the windows were focused or in the order they were created. The latter is the default for ClickToFocus and SloppyFocus.
Clicking the window to raise
The styles FPClickRaisesFocused, FPClickDecorRaisesFocused and FPClickIconRaisesFocused allow one to raise the window when the interior or the decorations or the icon of the window is clicked while the window is already focused.
The styles FPClickRaisesUnfocused, FPClickDecorRaisesUnfocused and FPClickIconRaisesUnfocused allow one to raise the window when the interior or the decorations or the icon of the window is clicked while the window is not yet focused.
With the FPPassRaiseClick style, the click that was used to raise the window is passed to the application.
With the FPAllowRaiseClickFunction style, the click that was used to raise the window can also trigger a normal action that was bound to the window with the Mouse command.
If the FPIgnoreRaiseClickMotion style is used, clicking in a window and then dragging the pointer with the button held down does not count as the click to raise the window. Instead, the application processes these events normally. This is useful to select text in a terminal window with the mouse without raising the window. However, mouse bindings on the client window are not guaranteed to work anymore (see Mouse command. Note that this style forces that the initial click is passed to the application. The distance that the pointer must be moved to trigger this is controlled by the MoveThreshold command.
Grabbing the focus when a new window is created
New normal or transient windows with the FPGrabFocus or FPGrabFocusTransient style automatically receive the focus when they are created. FPGrabFocus is the default for windows with the ClickToFocus style. Note that even if these styles are disabled, the application may take the focus itself. Fvwm can not prevent this.
The OverrideGrabFocus style instructs fvwm to never take away the focus from such a window via the GrabFocus or GrabFocusTransient styles. This can be useful if you like to have transient windows receive the focus immediately, for example in a web browser, but not while you are working in a terminal window or a text processor.
The above three styles are accompanied by FPReleaseFocus, FPReleaseFocusTransient and FPOverrideReleaseFocus. These control if the focus is returned to another window when the window is closed. Otherwise no window or the window under the pointer receives the focus.
ClickToFocusPassesClickOff and ClickToFocusPassesClick controls whether a mouse click to focus a window is sent to the application or not. Similarly, ClickToFocusRaisesOff/MouseFocusClickRaisesOff and ClickToFocusRaises/MouseFocusClickRaises control if the window is raised (but depending on the focus model).
Note: in fvwm versions prior to 2.5.3, the "Click..." options applied only to windows with ClickToFocus while the "Mouse..." options applied to windows with a different focus policy. This is no longer the case.
The old GrabFocus style is equivalent to using
FPGrabFocus
FPReleaseFocus.
The old GrabFocusTransient style is equivalent to using FPGrabFocusTransient + FPReleaseFocusTransient.
Lenience is equivalent to the new style FPLenient.
Window title
Windows with the TitleAtBottom, TitleAtLeft or TitleAtRight style have a title-bar below, to the left or to the right of the window instead of above as usual. The TitleAtTop style restores the default placement. Even if the window has the !Title style set, this affects the WindowShade command. Please check the WindowShade command for interactions between that command and these styles. Titles on the left or right side of the windows are augmented by the following styles:
Normally, the text in titles on the left side of a window is rotated counterclockwise by 90 degrees from the normal upright position and 90 degrees clockwise for titles on the right side. It can also be rotated in the opposite directions with LeftTitleRotatedCW if TitleAtLeft is used, and with RightTitleRotatedCCW if TitleAtRight is used. The defaults can be restored with LeftTitleRotatedCCW and RightTitleRotatedCW. A normal horizontal text may be rotated as well with TopTitleRotated if TitleAtTop is used, and with BottomTitleRotated if TitleAtBottom is used. The defaults can be restored with TopTitleNotRotated and BottomTitleNotRotated.
By default the title bar decoration defined using the TitleStyle command is rotated following the title text rotation (see the previous paragraph). This can be disabled by using the !UseTitleDecorRotation style. UseTitleDecorRotation reverts back to the default.
With the StippledTitle style, titles are drawn with the same effect that is usually reserved for windows with the Sticky, StickyAcrossPages or StickyAcrossDesks style. !StippledTitle reverts back to normal titles. StippledTitleOff is equivalent to !StippledTitle but is deprecated.
Colorset takes the colorset number as its sole argument and overrides the colors set by Color. Instead, the corresponding colors from the given colorset are used. Note that all other features of a colorset are not used. Use the Colorset decoration style in the TitleStyle and ButtonStyle command for that. To stop using the colorset, the colorset number is omitted.
BorderColorset takes eight positive integers as its arguments and will apply the given colorsets to the eight individual components of the window border.
For backwards compatibility, if one integer is supplied, that is applied to all window border components.
The border is split up into the following definitions, and is the same order as the colorsets which will be applied to the border.
North, North East, East, South East, South, South West, West, North West
North, East, South, and West refer to the top, left, bottom, and right sides of the window border.
NE, SE, SW, and NW refer to the window handles.
NOTE: due to how window handles are rendered, there is no way to make one complete edge of a window the same color as defined by either North, South, East, or West.
The HilightBorderColorset style option works the same as BorderColorset but is used when the window has the focus.
!IconTitle disables displaying icon labels while the opposite style IconTitle enables icon labels (default behaviour). NoIconTitle is equivalent to !IconTitle but is deprecated.
IconTitleColorset takes the colorset number as its sole argument and overrides the colors set by Color or Colorset. To stop using this colorset, the argument is omitted.
HilightIconTitleColorset takes the colorset number as its sole argument and overrides the colors set by HilightColor or HilightColorset. To stop using this colorset, the argument is omitted.
IconBackgroundColorset takes the colorset number as its sole argument and uses it to set a background for the icon picture. By default the icon picture is not drawn onto a background image. To restore the default, the argument is omitted.
IconTitleRelief takes one numeric argument that may be between -50 and +50 pixels and defines the thickness of the 3D relief drawn around the icon title. With negative values the icon title gets a pressed in look. The default is 2 and it is restored if the argument is omitted.
IconBackgroundRelief takes one numeric argument that may be between -50 and +50 pixels and defines the thickness of the 3D relief drawn around the icon picture background (if any). With negative values the icon background gets a pressed in look. The default is 2 and it is restored if the argument is omitted.
IconBackgroundPadding takes one numeric argument that may be between 0 and 50 pixels and defines the amount of free space between the relief of the icon background picture (if any) and the icon picture. The default is 2 and it is restored if the argument is omitted.
The Font and IconFont options take the name of a font as their sole argument. This font is used in the window or icon title. By default the font given in the DefaultFont command is used. To revert back to the default, use the style without the name argument. These styles replace the older WindowFont and IconFont commands.
The deprecated IndexedWindowName style causes fvwm to use window titles in the form
name (i)
where name is the exact window name and i is an integer which represents the i th window with name as window name. This has been replaced with:
TitleFormat %n (%t)
ExactWindowName restores the default which is to use the exact window name. Deprecated in favour of:
TitleFormat %n
IndexedIconName and ExactIconName work the same as IndexedWindowName and ExactWindowName styles but for the icon titles. Both are deprecated in favour of:
IconTitleFormat %n (%t) IconTitleFormat %n
TitleFormat describes what the visible name of a window should look like, with the following placeholders being valid:
%n
%i
%c
%r
%t
%I
%%
Any amount of whitespace may be used, along with other characters to make up the string — but a valid TitleFormat string must contain at least one of the placeholders mentioned. No quote stripping is performed on the string, so for example the following is printed verbatim:
TitleFormat " %n " -> [%t] -> [%c]
Note: It’s perfectly possible to use a TitleFormat which can result in wiping out the visible title altogether. For example:
TitleFormat %z
Simply because the placeholder '%z' isn’t supported. This is not a bug but rather a facet of how the formatting parser works.
+ IconTitleFormat describes what the visible icon name of a window should look like, with the options being the same as TitleFormat.
Title buttons
MwmButtons makes the Maximize button look pressed-in when the window is maximized. See the MwmDecorMax flag in ButtonStyle for more information. To switch this style off again, use the FvwmButtons style.
Borders
MwmBorder makes the 3D bevel more closely match Mwm’s. FvwmBorder turns off the previous option.
With the !Handles style, the window does not get the handles in the window corners that are commonly used to resize it. With !Handles, the width from the BorderWidth style is used. By default, or if Handles is specified, the width from the HandleWidth style is used. NoHandles is equivalent to !Handles but is deprecated.
HandleWidth takes a numeric argument which is the width of the border to place the window if it does have resize-handles. Using HandleWidth without an argument restores the default.
CornerLength takes a single numeric argument which is the length, in pixels, of the corner handles. The default is the title height. Using CornerLength without an argument restores the default.
BorderWidth takes a numeric argument which is the width of the border to place the window if it does not have resize-handles. It is used only if the !Handles style is specified too. Using BorderWidth without an argument restores the default.
DepressableBorder makes the border parts of the window decoration look sunken in when a button is pressed over them. This can be disabled again with the FirmBorder style.
Icons, shading, maximizing, movement, resizing
There is one exception to these rules, namely
Style * Icon unknown.xpm
doesn’t force the unknown.xpm icon on every window, it just sets the default icon like the DefaultIcon command. If you really want all windows to have the same icon, you can use
Style ** Icon unknown.xpm
If the NoIcon attribute is set then the specified window simply disappears when it is iconified. The window can be recovered through the window-list. If Icon is set without an argument then the NoIcon attribute is cleared but no icon is specified. An example which allows only the FvwmPager module icon to exist:
Style * NoIcon Style FvwmPager Icon
IconBox takes no argument, four numeric arguments (plus optionally a screen specification), an X11 geometry string or the string "none":
IconBox [screen scr-spec] l t r b
or
IconBox geometry
Where l is the left coordinate, t is the top, r is right and b is bottom. Negative coordinates indicate distance from the right or bottom of the screen. If the first argument is the word screen, the scr-spec argument specifies the RandR screen on which the IconBox is defined ´or the additional 'w' for the screen where the window center is located. This is only useful with multiple screens. The "l t r b" specification is more flexible than an X11 geometry. For example:
IconBox -80 240 -1 -1
defines a box that is 80 pixels wide from the right edge, 240 pixels down from the top, and continues to the bottom of the screen.
Perhaps it is easier to use is an X11 geometry string though:
IconBox 1000x70-1-1
places an 1000 by 70 pixel icon box on the bottom of the screen starting in the lower right hand corner of the screen. One way to figure out a geometry like this is to use a window that resizes in pixel increments, for example, xv. Then resize and place the xv window where you want the iconbox. Then use FvwmIdent to read the windows geometry. The icon box is a region of the screen where fvwm attempts to put icons for any matching window, as long as they do not overlap other icons. Multiple icon boxes can be defined as overflow areas. When the first icon box is full, the second one is filled. All the icon boxes for one style must be defined in one Style command. For example:
Style * IconBox -80 240 -1 -1, \
IconBox 1000x70-1-1
A Style command with the IconBox option replaces any icon box defined previously by another Style command for the same style. That’s why the backslash in the previous example is required.
Note: The geometry for the icon box command takes the additional screen specifier "@w" in case RandR is used. This designates the screen where the window center is located. The additional screen specifier is not allowed anywhere else.
If you never define an icon box, or you fill all the icon boxes, fvwm has a default icon box that covers the screen, it fills top to bottom, then left to right, and has an 80x80 pixel grid. To disable all but the default icon box you can use IconBox without arguments in a separate Style command. To disable all icon boxes including the default icon box, the argument "none" can be specified.
Hint: You can auto arrange your icons in the icon box with a simple fvwm function. Put the "DeiconifyAndRearrange" function below in your configuration file:
AddToFunc DeiconifyAndRearrange
+ C Iconify off
+ C All (CurrentPage, Iconic) PlaceAgain Icon
And then replace all places where you call the Iconify command to de-iconify an icon with a call to the new function. For example replace
AddToFunc IconFunc
+ C Iconify off
+ M Raise
+ M Move
+ D Iconify off Mouse 1 I A Iconify off
with
AddToFunc IconFunc
+ C DeiconifyAndRearrange
+ M Raise
+ M Move
+ D DeiconifyAndRearrange Mouse 1 I A DeiconifyAndRearrange
IconGrid takes 2 numeric arguments greater than zero.
IconGrid x y
Icons are placed in an icon box by stepping through the icon box using the x and y values for the icon grid, looking for a free space. The default grid is 3 by 3 pixels which gives a tightly packed appearance. To get a more regular appearance use a grid larger than your largest icon. Use the IconSize argument to clip or stretch an icon to a maximum size. An IconGrid definition must follow the IconBox definition that it applies to:
Style * IconBox -80x240-1-1, IconGrid 90 90
IconFill takes 2 arguments.
IconFill Bottom Right
Icons are placed in an icon box by stepping through the icon box using these arguments to control the direction the box is filled in. By default the direction is left to right, then top to bottom. This would be expressed as:
IconFill left top
To fill an icon box in columns instead of rows, specify the vertical direction (top or bottom) first. The directions can be abbreviated or spelled out as follows: "t", "top", "b", "bot", "bottom", "l", "lft", "left", "r", "rgt", "right". An IconFill definition must follow the IconBox definition that it applies to:
Style * IconBox -80x240-1-1, IconFill b r
IconSize sets limits on the size of an icon image. Both user-provided and application-provided icon images are affected.
IconSize [ width height [ maxwidth maxheight ] ]
All arguments are measured in pixels. When all four arguments are passed to IconSize, width and height represent the minimum size of an icon, and maxwidth and maxheight represent the maximum size of an icon. Icon images that are smaller than the minimum size are padded. Icon images that are bigger than the maximum size are clipped.
If only two arguments are passed to IconSize, width and height represent the absolute size of an icon. Icons covered by this style are padded or clipped to achieve the given size.
If no arguments are specified, the default values are used for each dimension. This effectively places no limits on the size of an icon.
The value of "-1" can be used in place of any of the arguments to specify the default value for that dimension.
In addition to the numeric arguments, 1 additional argument can be "Stretched", "Adjusted", or "Shrunk".
Note that module provided icon managers are not affected by this style.
MiniIcon specifies a pixmap to use as the miniature icon for the window. This miniature icon can be drawn in a title-bar button (see ButtonStyle), and can be used by various fvwm modules (FvwmIconMan and FvwmPager). It takes the name of a pixmap as an argument.
WindowShadeShrinks and WindowShadeScrolls control if the contents of a window that is being shaded with the WindowShade command are scrolled (default) or if they stay in place. The shrinking mode is a bit faster
The WindowShadeSteps option selects the number of steps for animation when shading a window with WindowShade. It takes one number as its argument. If the number has a trailing 'p' it sets the number of pixels to use as the step size instead of a fixed number of steps. 0 disables the animation. This happens too if the argument is omitted or invalid.
The WindowShade command has two modes of operation: busy and lazy shading. Busy shading can be 50% slower than lazy shading, but the latter can look strange under some conditions, for example, if the window borders, buttons or the title are filled with a tiled pixmap. Also, the window handles are not drawn in lazy mode and the border relief may only be drawn partially right before the window reaches the shaded state or tight after leaves the unshaded state. By default, fvwm uses lazy mode if there are no bad visual effects (not counting the window handles) and busy mode otherwise. Use the WindowShadeAlwaysLazy or WindowShadeBusy to force using the lazy or busy mode. The default setting is restored with WindowShadeLazy.
ResizeOpaque instructs fvwm to resize the corresponding windows with their contents visible instead of using an outline. Since this causes the application to redraw frequently it can be quite slow and make the window flicker excessively, depending on the amount of graphics the application redraws. The ResizeOutline style (default) negates the ResizeOpaque style. Many applications do not like their windows being resized opaque, e.g. XEmacs, Netscape or terminals with a pixmap background. If you do not like the result, do not use the ResizeOpaque style for these windows. To exempt certain windows from opaque resizing you could use these lines in your configuration file:
Style * ResizeOpaque Style rxvt ResizeOutline Style emacs ResizeOutline
Sticky makes the window sticky, i.e. it is always visible on each page and each desk. The opposite style, Slippery reverts back to the default.
StickyIcon makes the window sticky when it’s iconified. It de-iconifies on top the active desktop. SlipperyIcon reverts back to the default.
StickyAcrossPages and StickyAcrossPagesIcon work like Sticky and StickyIcon, but stick the window only across pages, not desks while StickyAcrossDesks and StickyAcrossDesksIcon works the other way round.
Windows that have been marked as Sticky or StickyAcrossDesks or StickyAcrossPages will have stipples drawn on the titlebar. This can be negated with the !StickyStippledTitle style. The style StickyStippledTitle puts back the stipples where that window has also been marked as Sticky. Note that this is the default style for Sticky windows. Sticky icons will have stipples drawn on the icon title. This can be disabled in the same way with the !StickyStippledIconTitle style.
Windows with the StartIconic style are shown as icons initially. Note that some applications counteract that by deiconifying themselves. The default is to not iconify windows and can be set with the StartNormal style.
StickyIcon makes the window sticky when it’s iconified. It de-iconifies on top the active desktop. SlipperyIcon reverts back to the default.
StickyIconPage works like StickyIcon, but sticks the icon only across pages, not desks while StickyIconDesk works the other way round.
StippledIconTitle works like StippledTitle in that it draws stipples on the titles of icons but doesn’t make the icon sticky.
IgnoreRestack makes fvwm ignore attempts of clients to raise or lower their own windows. By default, the opposite style, AllowRestack is active.
FixedPosition and FixedUSPosition make fvwm ignore attempts of the user to move the window. It is still possible to move the window by resizing it. To allow the user to move windows, use the VariablePosition or VariableUSPosition style.
FixedSize and FixedUSSize make fvwm ignore attempts of the user to resize the window. To allow the user to resize windows, use the VariableSize or VariableUSSize style.
FixedPPosition and FixedPSize make fvwm ignore attempts of the program to move or resize its windows. To allow this kind of actions, use the VariablePPosition or VariablePSize style. These styles may sometimes affect the initial placement and dimensions of new windows (depending on the application). If windows are created at strange places, try either the VariablePPosition or !UsePPosition styles. The FixedPSize style may screw up window dimensions for some applications. Do Not use this style in this case.
MoveByProgramMethod affects how fvwm reacts to requests by the application to move its windows. By default, fvwm tries to detect which method to use, but it sometimes detects the wrong method. You may come across a window that travels across the screen by a few pixels when the application resizes it, moves to a screen border with the frame decorations off screen, that remembers its position for the next time it starts but appears in a slighly shifted position, or that attepmts to become full screen but has the. Try out both options, UseGravity and IgnoreGravity on the window (and that window only) and see if that helps. By default, fvwm uses the AutoDetect method. Once the method was detected, it is never changed again. As long as fvwm can not detect the proper method, it uses IgnoreGravity. To force fvwm to retry the detection, use one of the other two options first and then use AutoDetect again.
Note: This option was introduced to alleviate a problem with the ICCCM specification. The ICCCM clearly states that the UseGravity option should be used, but traditionally applications ignored this rule.
Closable enables the functions Close, Delete and Destroy to be performed on the windows. This is on by default. The opposite, !Closable, inhibits the window to be closed.
Iconifiable enables the function Iconify to be performed on the windows. This is on by default. The opposite, !Iconifiable, inhibits the window from being iconified.
Maximizable enables the function Maximize to be performed on the windows. This is on by default. The opposite, !Maximizable, inhibits the window from being maximized.
AllowMaximizeFixedSize enables the function Maximize to be performed on windows that are not resizable, unless maximization has been disabled either using the style !Maximizable or through WM hints. This is on by default. The opposite, !AllowMaximizeFixedSize, inhibits all windows that are not resizable from being maximized.
ResizeHintOverride instructs fvwm to ignore the program supplied minimum and maximum size as well as the resize step size (the character size in many applications). This can be handy for broken applications that refuse to be resized. Do not use it if you do not need it. The default (opposite) style is NoResizeOverride.
MinWindowSize [ width [ p | c ] height [ p | c ] ] Tells fvwm the minimum width and height of a window. The values are the percentage of the total screen area. If the letter 'p' is appended to either of the values, the numbers are interpreted as pixels. If the letter 'c' is appended to either of the values, the numbers are in terms of the client window’s size hints, which can be useful for windows such as terminals to specify the number of rows or columns. This command is useful to deal with windows that freak out if their window becomes too small. If you omit the parameters or their values are invalid, both limits are set to 0 pixels (which is the default value).
MaxWindowSize [ width [ p | c ] height [ p | c ] ] Tells fvwm the maximum width and height of a window. The values are the percentage of the total screen area. If the letter 'p' is appended to either of the values, the numbers are interpreted as pixels. If the letter 'c' is appended to either of the values, the numbers are in terms of the client window’s size hints, which can be useful for windows such as terminals to specify the number of rows or columns. This command is useful to force large application windows to be fully visible. Neither height nor width may be less than 100 pixels. If you omit the parameters or their values are invalid, both limits are set to 32767 pixels (which is the default).
With IconifyWindowGroups all windows in the same window group are iconified and deiconified at once when any window in the group is (de)iconified. The default is IconifyWindowGroupsOff, which disables this behavior. Although a number of applications use the window group hint, it is rarely used in a proper way, so it is probably best to use IconifyWindowGroups only for selected applications.
The option SnapAttraction affects interactive window movement: If during an interactive move the window or icon comes within proximity pixels of another the window or icon, it is moved to make the borders adjoin. The default of 0 means that no snapping happens. Calling this command without arguments turns off snap attraction and restores the default behavior. Please refer also to the SnapGrid option.
The second argument optional and may be set to one of the five following values: With All both icons and windows snap to other windows and other icons. SameType lets windows snap only to windows, and icons snap only to icons. With Windows windows snap only to other windows. Similarly with Icons icons snap only to other icons. With None no snapping takes place. This option can be useful in conjunction with the thirs argument if you only want to snap against the screen edges. The default behavior is All.
The third and last optional argument may be set to one of the four following values:
The option SnapGrid defines an invisible grid on the screen. During an interactive move a window or icon is positioned such that its location (top left corner) is coincident with the nearest grid point. The default x-grid-size and y-grid-size setting are both 1, which is effectively no grid all.
An interactive move with both SnapGrid and SnapAttraction results in the window being moved to be adjacent to the nearest window border (if within snap proximity) or grid position. The window moves the shortest distance possible to satisfy both SnapGrid and SnapAttraction. Note that the x and y coordinates are not coupled. For example, a window may snap to another window on the x axis while snapping to a grid point on the y axis. Using this style without arguments reinstates the default settings.
The styles EdgeMoveDelay and EdgeResizeDelay define how hard it is to change the desktop viewport by moving or resizing a window over the edge of the screen. The parameter tells how many milliseconds the pointer must spend on the screen edge before fvwm moves the viewport. The command EdgeScroll determines how far the viewport is scrolled. If -1 is given as the delay, page flipping is disabled completely. The defaults are no delay for moving (0) and no flipping for resizing (-1). Using these styles without any argument restores the default settings. Note that, with
EdgeScroll 0 0
it is still possible to move or resize windows across the edge of the current screen. See also EdgeThickness.
The option EdgeMoveResistance makes it easier to place a window directly adjacent to a RandR screen’s edge. It takes one or two parameters. The first parameter tells how many pixels over an outside edge of the screen a window’s edge must move before it actually moves partially off the screen. The optional second parameter does the same as the first, but for inside edges (shared edge between two RandR monitors). If omitted, there is no resistance between inside edges. Note that the center of the window being moved determines the screen on which the window should be kept. Both values are 0 (no resistance) by default. To restore the defaults, the option EdgeMoveResistance can be used without any parameters.
The option InitialMapCommand allows for any valid fvwm command or function to run when the window is initially mapped by fvwm. Example:
Style MyWindow StartsOnPage 0 0, InitialMapCommand Iconify
This would hence place the window called MyWindow on page 0 0 for the current desk, and immediately run the Iconify command on that window.
Note that should InitialMapCommand be used as a global option for all windows, but there is a need that some windows should not have this command applied, then an action of Nop can be used on those windows, as in the following example:
Style * InitialMapCommand Iconify Style XTeddy InitialMapCommand Nop
Window Manager placement
PositionPlacement [Center|UnderMouse|move-arguments] When used without an argument, new windows are placed in the top left corner of the display. With the argument Center, all new window appear at the center of the screen, and with UnderMouse, windows are centered under the mouse pointer where possible. If the window is unable to fit on the screen because the pointer is at the edge of the screen, then the window is forced on-screen using this option. If any other move-arguments are given, they are interpreted exactly as the Move command does (with the exception that references to the current window position do not work as the window has not been placed yet).
CascadePlacement automatically place new windows in a cascading fashion.
TileCascadePlacement automatically places new windows in a smart location - a location in which they do not overlap any other windows on the screen. If no such position can be found CascadePlacement is used as a fall-back method.
TileManualPlacement This is the same as TileCascadePlacement, but uses ManualPlacement as the fall-back method.
MinOverlapPlacement automatically places new windows in a location in which the overlapping area in pixels of other windows is minimized. By default this placement policy tries to avoid overlapping icons and windows on higher layers. This can be configured with the MinOverlapPlacementPenalties style.
MinOverlapPercentPlacement is similar to MinOverlapPlacement but tries to minimize the overlapped percentages of other windows instead of the overlapped area in pixels. This placement policy tries to avoid covering other windows completely and tries even harder not to cover small windows. This can be configured with the MinOverlapPlacementPenalties and MinOverlapPercentPlacementPenalties styles.
MinOverlapPlacementPenalties takes at most 6 positive or null decimal arguments:
normal ontop icon sticky below strut
if trailing arguments are missing the default is used which is:
1 5 10 1 0.05 50
To reset this style to the default values, prefix it with a '!'. This style configures the MinOverlapPlacement and MinOverlapPercentPlacement placement policy. The normal factor affects normal windows, the ontop factor affects windows with a greater layer than the window being placed, the icon factor affects icons, the sticky factor affects sticky windows, the below factor affects windows with a smaller layer than the window being placed, the strut factor affects the complement of the EWMH working area if the window being placed has the EWMHPlacementUseWorkingArea style and windows with an EWMH strut hint (i.e., a "please do not cover me" hint) if the window being placed has the EWMHPlacementUseDynamicWorkingArea style. These factors represent the amount of area that these types of windows (or area) are counted as, when a new window is placed. For example, by default the area of ontop windows is counted 5 times as much as normal windows. So MinOverlapPlacement and MinOverlapPercentPlacement covers 5 times as much area of another window before it will cover an ontop window. To treat ontop windows the same as other windows, set this to 1. To really, really avoid putting windows under ontop windows, set this to a high value, say 1000. This style affects the window already mapped and not the window which is currently placed. There is one exception to this rule: in the case of the window being placed has the EWMHPlacementUseWorkingArea style the strut factor affects the placed window.
MinOverlapPercentPlacementPenalties takes at most 4 positive or null integer arguments:
cover_100 cover_95 cover_85 cover_75
if trailing arguments are missing the defaults are used which are:
12 6 4 1
To reset this style to the default values, prefix it with a '!'. This style affects the MinOverlapPercentPlacement placement policy and is similar to the MinOverlapPlacementPenalties style. The cover_xx factor is used when the window being placed covers at least xx percent of the window. This factor is added to the factor determined by the MinOverlapPlacementPenalties style.
ManualPlacement (aka active placement). The user is required to place every new window manually. The window only shows as a rubber band until a place is selected manually. The window is placed when a mouse button or any key except Escape is pressed. Escape aborts manual placement which places the window in the top left corner of the screen. If mouse button 2 is pressed during the initial placement of a window (respectively Shift and mouse button 1 in case Mwm emulation has been enabled with the Emulate command), the user is asked to resize the window too.
It is possible to define buttons usable to place windows with the Move command and the special context 'P' for placement (see Move command). However, you can’t redefine the way to also resize the window other than the way it is affected by the Emulate command. The button used for placing the window can be checked with the PlacedByButton condition (see Current command).
Example:
Style * ManualPlacement *FvwmEvent: PassID *FvwmEvent: add_window GrowDownFunc AddToFunc StartFunction + I FvwmEvent AddToFunc GrowDownFunc + I windowid $0 (PlacedByButton 3) \ Resize bottomright keep -0p
Now, whenever a window is created and the user presses button 3 to finish initial placement, the window is automatically enlarged until it hits the bottom screen border.
Old placement styles DumbPlacement / SmartPlacement / SmartPlacementOff, CleverPlacement / CleverPlacementOff, ActivePlacement / RandomPlacement, ActivePlacementsHonorsStartsOnPage / ActivePlacementsHonorsStartsOnPageOff are still supported but will be removed in the future. The old and new styles can be translated according to the following table:
Style * DumbPlacement, RandomPlacement --> Style * CascadePlacement Style * DumbPlacement, ActivePlacement --> Style * ManualPlacement Style * SmartPlacement, \ RandomPlacement, CleverPlacementOff --> Style * TileCascadePlacement Style * SmartPlacement, \ ActivePlacement, CleverPlacementOff --> Style * TileManualPlacement Style * SmartPlacement, CleverPlacement --> Style * MinOverlapPlacement Style * SmartPlacement, \ ActivePlacement, CleverPlacement --> Style * MinOverlapPercentPlacement Style * ActivePlacementsHonorsStartsOnPage --> Style * ManualPlacementsHonorsStartsOnPage Style * ActivePlacementsHonorsStartsOnPageOff --> Style * ManualPlacementsHonorsStartsOnPageOff
Placement policy options and window stacking
!UseUSPosition works like !UsePPosition but applies suppresses using the user specified position indicated by the program (USPosition hint). It is generally a bad thing to override the user’s choice, but some applications misuse the USPosition hint to force their windows to a certain spot on the screen without the user’s consent. Note: !UseUSPosition is equivalent to the deprecated option !USPosition
NoUseTransientPPosition and UseTransientPPosition work like !UsePPosition and UsePPosition but apply only to transient windows. Note: !UseTransientPPosition is equivalent to the deprecated option !TransientPPosition
NoUseIconPosition instructs fvwm to ignore the program specified icon position (IconPosition hint) when iconifying the window. Note: !UseIconPosition is equivalent to the deprecated option !IconPosition
StartsOnDesk takes a numeric argument which is the desktop number on which the window should be initially placed. Note that standard Xt programs can also specify this via a resource (e.g. "-xrm '*Desk: 1'").
StartsOnPage takes 1, 2, or 3 numeric arguments. If one or three arguments are given, the first (or only) argument is the desktop number. If three arguments are given, the 2nd and 3rd arguments identify the x,y page position on the virtual window. If two arguments are given, they specify the page position, and indicate no desk preference. If only one argument is given, StartsOnPage functions exactly like StartsOnDesk. For those standard Xt programs which understand this usage, the starting desk/page can also be specified via a resource (e.g., "-xrm '*page: 1 0 2'"). StartsOnPage in conjunction with SkipMapping is a useful technique when you want to start an app on some other page and continue with what you were doing, rather than waiting for it to appear.
StartsOnScreen takes one argument. It must be a valid RandR name. A new window is placed on the specified screen. The default is to place windows on the screen that contains the mouse pointer at the time the window is created. However, those windows which are not placed by fvwm (i.e., those with a USPosition hint from a user specified geometry) are normally placed in a position relative to all identified screens.
StartsOnPageIncludesTransients causes the StartsOnPage style to be applied even for transient windows. This is not usually useful, since transients are usually pop ups that you want to appear in your visible viewport; but occasionally an application uses a transient for something like a startup window that needs to be coerced into place.
ManualPlacementIgnoresStartsOnPage suppresses StartsOnPage or StartsOnDesk placement in the event that both ManualPlacement and SkipMapping are in effect when a window is created. This prevents you from interactively placing a window and then wondering where it disappeared to, because it got placed on a different desk or page. ManualPlacementHonorsStartsOnPage allows this to happen anyway. The option has no effect if SkipMapping is not in effect, because fvwm switches to the proper desk/page to perform interactive placement. The default is ManualPlacementIgnoresStartsOnPage; ManualPlacementHonorsStartsOnPage matches the way the old StartsOnDesk style used to handle the situation.
CaptureHonorsStartsOnPage causes the initial capture (of an already existing window) at startup to place the window according to the StartsOnPage and StartsOnScreen desk, page and screen specification. CaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage causes fvwm to ignore these settings (including StartsOnDesk) on initial capture. The default is CaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage.
RecaptureHonorsStartsOnPage causes a window to be placed according to, or revert to, the StartsOnPage and StartsOnScreen desk, page and screen specification on Restart. RecaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage causes fvwm to respect the current window position on Restart. The default is RecaptureIgnoresStartsOnPage.
Layer accepts one optional argument: a non-negative integer. This is the layer the window is put in. If no argument is given, any previously set value is deleted and the default layer is implied.
StaysOnTop puts the window in the top layer. This layer can be changed by the command DefaultLayers; the default is 6.
StaysPut puts the window in the put layer. This layer can be changed by the command DefaultLayers; the default is 4.
StaysOnBottom puts the window in the bottom layer. This layer can be changed by the command DefaultLayers; the default is 2.
StartsLowered instructs fvwm to put the window initially at the bottom of its layer rather than the default StartsRaised.
StartShaded tells fvwm to shade the window. An optional direction argument may be given, which can be one of "North", "South", "West", "East", "NorthWest", "NorthEast", "SouthWest", "SouthEast" or if no direction is given, the default is to shade north.
SkipMapping tells fvwm not to switch to the desk the window is on when it gets mapped initially (useful with StartsOnDesk or StartsOnPage).
KeepWindowGroupsOnDesk makes new windows that have the window group hint set appear on the same desk as the other windows of the same group. Since this behavior may be confusing, the default setting is ScatterWindowGroups. The window group hint is ignored when placing windows in this case.
Transient windows
A window with the RaiseTransient style that has transient windows raises all its transients when it is raised. The DontRaiseTransient style disables this behavior. All windows are then treated as if they had no transients.
A window with the LowerTransient style that has transient windows lowers all its transients when it is lowered. The DontLowerTransient style disables this behavior. All windows are then treated as if they had no transients.
The StackTransientParent style augments RaiseTransient and LowerTransient styles. Raising a window with StackTransientParent style transfers the raise action to the main window if the window being raised is a transient and its main window has RaiseTransient style; this effect makes raise on a transient act just like raise on its main - the whole group is raised. Similar behavior holds for lowering a whole group of transients when the main has LowerTransient style. DontStackTransientParent turns this behavior off. (Dont)StackTransientParent has no effect if RaiseTransient and LowerTransient are not used.
A reasonable emulation of Motif raise/lower on transients is possible like this
Style * RaiseTransient Style * LowerTransient Style * StackTransientParent
Extended Window Manager Hints styles
EWMHDonateIcon instructs fvwm to set the application ewmh icon hint with the icon that is used by fvwm if the application does not provide such hint (and if the icon used by fvwm is not an icon window). EWMHDonateMiniIcon does the same thing for mini icons. This allows compliant pager, taskbar, iconbox ...etc to display the same (mini) icons as fvwm. Note that on some hardware (e.g., 8-bit displays) these styles can slow down window mapping and that in general only one of these styles is needed by a compliant application. EWMHDontDonateIcon and EWMHDontDonateMiniIcon restore the defaults which are to not set any ewmh (mini) icons hints.
By default, if an application provides an ewmh icon hint of small size (i.e., height and width less than or equal to 22), then fvwm uses this icon as its mini icon. EWMHMiniIconOverride instructs fvwm to ignore ewmh icons and to use the mini icon provided by the MiniIcon style. EWMHNoMiniIconOverride restores the default.
EWMHUseStackingOrderHints causes fvwm to use EWMH hints and respect EWMH hints which change the window layer. EWMHIgnoreStackingOrderHints causes fvwm to ignore EWMH layer hints.
An application can ask for some reserved space on the desktop by a hint. In the EWMH terminology such a hint is called a strut and it is used to compute the working area and may be used for window placement and in the maximize command. EWMHIgnoreStrutHints causes fvwm to ignore such hints, as EWMHUseStrutHints, causes fvwm to use it which is the default.
EWMHIgnoreStateHints causes fvwm to ignore initial EWMH state hints when a new window is mapped. The default EWMHUseStateHints causes fvwm to accept such hints.
EWMHIgnoreWindowType causes fvwm to ignore EWMH window type specification. The default !EWMHIgnoreWindowType causes fvwm to style windows of specified types as such.
EWMHMaximizeIgnoreWorkingArea causes fvwm to ignore the EWMH working area when it executes a Maximize command. With EWMHMaximizeUseWorkingArea the EWMH working area is used as with EWMHMaximizeUseDynamicWorkingArea the EWMH dynamic working area is used (the default).
EWMHPlacementIgnoreWorkingArea causes fvwm to ignore the EWMH working area when it places (or places again) a window. With EWMHPlacementUseWorkingArea the EWMH working area is taken in account as with EWMHPlacementUseDynamicWorkingArea the EWMH dynamic working area is taken in account (the default). Note that with the MinOverlapPlacement and MinOverlapPercentPlacement placement policy, the way the EWMH (dynamic) working area is taken in account is configurable with the MinOverlapPlacementPenalties style.
Miscellaneous
Note: This style is useless if the X server does not allow backing store.
SaveUnder enables the corresponding window attribute in the X server. For a window using this style, the X server tries to store the graphics below it in memory which is usually slower if the client runs on the same machine as the X server. SaveUnder may speed up fvwm if the connection to the X server is slow (e.g. over a modem link). To disable save under, use the SaveUnderOff style. This is the default. See also BackingStore above.
Note: This style is useless if the X server does not allow save under.
ParentalRelativity enables clients that use a background pixmap of type ParentRelative to achieve transparency. Fvwm modules that support transparent colorsets require this setting. Opacity is the default and should be used for all non-transparent clients for better performance.
MwmDecor makes fvwm attempt to recognize and respect the mwm decoration hints that applications occasionally use. To switch this style off, use the NoDecorHint style.
MwmFunctions makes fvwm attempt to recognize and respect the mwm prohibited operations hints that applications occasionally use. HintOverride makes fvwm shade out operations that mwm would prohibit, but it lets you perform the operation anyway. NoFuncHint allows turns off the mwm hints completely.
OLDecor makes fvwm attempt to recognize and respect the olwm and olvwm hints that many older XView and OLIT applications use. Switch this option off with NoOLDecor.
UseDecor This style is deprecated and will be removed in the future. There are plans to replace it with a more flexible solution in fvwm-3.0.
UseDecor accepts one argument: the name of a decor created with AddToDecor. If no decor name is specified, the "Default" decor is used. Windows do not actually contain decors, but are always assigned to one. If the decor is later modified with AddToDecor, the changes are visible for all windows which are assigned to it. The decor for a window can be reassigned with ChangeDecor.
UseStyle This style is deprecated and will be removed in the future. There are plans to replace it with a more flexible solution in fvwm-3.0.
UseStyle takes one arg, which is the name of another style. That way you can have unrelated window names easily inherit similar traits without retyping. For example:
Style rxvt UseStyle XTerm
Warning: If a style is built from one or more parent styles and the parent styles are changed, the derived style is not modified. To achieve this you have to issue the UseStyle line again.
Unmanaged Windows with the Unmanaged style option are ignored by fvwm. They are not decorated, can not be moved or resized, etc. You probably want to use Bugopts RaiseOverUnmanaged too. This option can be turned off with the !Unmanaged style.
State sets the initial value of one of the 32 user defined states which are associated with each window. The state number ranges from 0 to 31 and must be given as an argument. The states have no meaning in fvwm, but they can be checked in conditional commands like Next with the State condition and manipulated with the State command.
# turn on state 11 for xterms ... Style xterm State 11 # ... but not for rxvts. Style rxvt !State 11
Windows with the WindowListSkip styles do not appear in the menu that is created with the WindowList command or the lists shown in modules like FvwmIconMan. In the modules, the style can usually be ignored with an option. Please refer to the man page of the module in question for further information. To disable this feature, use the default style WindowListHit.
The styles CirculateSkip and CirculateHit control whether the window is considered by conditional commands, for example Next, Prev or All. Windows with CirculateSkip, are never selected by conditional commands. However, the styles can be overridden explicitly in the condition with the CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon or CirculateHitShaded conditions, and some conditional commands, e.g. Current and All, do this by default. The styles CirculateSkipIcon, CirculateHitIcon, CirculateSkipShaded and CirculateHitShaded work like CirculateSkip and CirculateHit but apply only to iconic or shaded windows. Note: if multiple ...Skip... options are combined, windows are only selected if they match none of the given conditions. So, with
Style * CirculateSkipIcon, CirculateSkipShaded
only windows that are neither iconic nor shaded are selected. Note: For historical reasons, the conditional commands understand the names of these styles as condition names. Take care not to confuse them.
Examples
# Change default fvwm behavior to no title- # bars on windows! Also define a default icon. Style * !Title, \
Icon unknown1.xpm, \
BorderWidth 4, \
HandleWidth 5 # now, window specific changes: Style Fvwm* !Handles, Sticky, \
WindowListSkip, \
BorderWidth 0 Style FvwmPager StaysOnTop, BorderWidth 0 Style *lock !Handles, Sticky, \
StaysOnTop, WindowListSkip Style xbiff Sticky, WindowListSkip Style FvwmButtons !Handles, Sticky, \
WindowListSkip Style sxpm !Handles # Put title-bars back on xterms only! Style xterm Title, Color black/grey Style rxvt Icon term.xpm Style xterm Icon rterm.xpm Style xcalc Icon xcalc.xpm Style xbiff Icon mail1.xpm Style xmh Icon mail1.xpm, \
StartsOnDesk 2 Style xman Icon xman.xpm Style matlab Icon math4.xpm, \
StartsOnDesk 3 Style xmag Icon magnifying_glass2.xpm Style xgraph Icon graphs.xpm Style FvwmButtons Icon toolbox.xpm Style Maker StartsOnDesk 1 Style signal StartsOnDesk 3 # Fire up Netscape on the second desk, in the # middle of my 3x3 virtual desktop, and do not # bother me with it... Style Netscape* SkipMapping, \
StartsOnPage 1 1 1
Note that all properties for a window are or’ed together. In the above example "FvwmPager" gets the property StaysOnTop via an exact window name match but also gets !Handles, Sticky and WindowListSkip by a match to "Fvwm*". It gets !Title by virtue of a match to "*". If conflicting styles are specified for a window, then the last style specified is used.
WindowStyle options
Window Styles¶
AddButtonStyle button [state] [style] [-- [!]flag ...]
If state is omitted, then the style is added to every state. If the style and flags are enclosed in parentheses, then multiple state definitions can be placed on a single line. Flags for additional button styles cannot be changed after definition.
Buttons are drawn in the order of definition, beginning with the most recent button style, followed by those added with AddButtonStyle. To clear the button style stack, change style flags, or for descriptions of available styles and flags, see the ButtonStyle command.
Examples:
**ButtonStyle** 1 Pixmap led.xpm -- Top Left **ButtonStyle** 1 ActiveDown HGradient 8 grey black **ButtonStyle All** -- UseTitleStyle AddButtonStyle 1 \
ActiveUp (Pixmap a.xpm) \
ActiveDown (Pixmap b.xpm -- Top) AddButtonStyle 1 Vector 4 50x30@1 70x70@0 30x70@0 50x30@1
Initially for this example all button states are set to a pixmap. The second line replaces the "ActiveDown" state with a gradient (it overrides the pixmap assigned to it in the line before, which assigned the same style to every state). Then, the UseTitleStyle flag is set for all buttons, which causes fvwm to draw any styles set with TitleStyle before drawing the buttons. Finally, AddButtonStyle is used to place additional pixmaps for both "ActiveUp" and "ActiveDown" states and a vector button style is drawn on top of all states.
AddTitleStyle [state] [style] [-- [!]flag ...]
Title-bars are drawn in the order of definition, beginning with the most recent TitleStyle, followed by those added with AddTitleStyle. To clear the title style stack, change style flags, or for the descriptions of available styles and flags, see the TitleStyle and ButtonStyle commands.
AddToDecor decor
Add or divert commands to the decor named decor. A decor is a name given to the set of commands which affect button styles, title-bar styles and border styles. If decor does not exist it is created; otherwise the existing decor is modified. Note: Earlier versions allowed to use the HilightColor, HilightColorset and WindowFont commands in decors. This is no longer possible. Please use the Style command with the Hilight... and Font options.
New decors start out exactly like the "default" decor without any style definitions. A given decor may be applied to a set of windows with the UseDecor option of the Style command. Modifying an existing decor affects all windows which are currently assigned to it.
AddToDecor is similar in usage to the AddToMenu and AddToFunc commands, except that menus and functions are replaced by ButtonStyle, AddButtonStyle, TitleStyle, AddTitleStyle and BorderStyle commands. Decors created with AddToDecor can be manipulated with ChangeDecor, DestroyDecor, UpdateDecor and the Style option.
The following example creates a decor "FlatDecor" and style "FlatStyle". They are distinct entities:
AddToDecor FlatDecor + ButtonStyle All Active (-- flat) Inactive (-- flat) + TitleStyle -- flat + BorderStyle -- HiddenHandles NoInset Style FlatStyle \
UseDecor FlatDecor, HandleWidth 4, Colorset 0, HilightColorset 1 Style xterm UseStyle FlatStyle
An existing window’s decor may be reassigned with ChangeDecor. A decor can be destroyed with DestroyDecor.
DestroyDecor FlatDecor AddToDecor FlatDecor ... Style FlatStyle UseDecor FlatDecor
and now apply the style again:
Style xterm UseStyle FlatStyle
BorderStyle state [style] [-- [!]flag ...]
style is a subset of the available button styles, and can only be TiledPixmap (uniform pixmaps which match the bevel colors work best this way) or Colorset. If a '!' is prefixed to any flag, the behavior is negated. If style is not specified, then one can change flags without resetting the style.
The HiddenHandles flag hides the corner handle dividing lines on windows with handles (this option has no effect for !Handles windows). By default, HiddenHandles is disabled.
The NoInset flag supplements HiddenHandles. If given, the inner bevel around the window frame is not drawn. If HiddenHandles is not specified, the frame looks a little strange.
Raised causes a raised relief pattern to be drawn (default). Sunk causes a sunken relief pattern to be drawn. Flat inhibits the relief pattern from being drawn.
To decorate the active and inactive window borders with a textured pixmap, one might specify:
BorderStyle Active TiledPixmap marble.xpm BorderStyle Inactive TiledPixmap granite.xpm BorderStyle Active -- HiddenHandles NoInset
To clear the style for both states:
BorderStyle Simple
To clear for a single state:
BorderStyle Active Simple
To unset a flag for a given state:
BorderStyle Inactive -- !NoInset
title-bar buttons can inherit the border style with the UseBorderStyle flag (see ButtonStyle).
ButtonState [ActiveDown bool] [Inactive bool] [InactiveDown bool]
If ActiveDown argument is "False", no different button style for the pressed down buttons used, instead "ActiveUp" state is used even when button is pressed.
If Inactive argument is "False", focused and unfocused windows look similarly, the corresponding "Active" states are always used.
If InactiveDown argument is "False" (only applied when Inactive is "True"), the pressed titles and title buttons in non-focused windows are drawn using "InactiveUp" or "ActiveUp" states depending on the values of the other key words.
ButtonStyle button [state] [style] [-- [!]flag ...]
state refers to which button state should be set. Button states are defined as follows: "ActiveUp" and "ActiveDown" refer to the un-pressed and pressed states for buttons on active windows; while the "InactiveUp" and "InactiveDown" states denote buttons on inactive windows. The shortcut "Active" denotes both "ActiveUp" and "ActiveDown" states. Shortcut "Inactive" denotes both "InactiveUp" and "InactiveDown" states. The similar state names like just described, but with the "Toggled" prefix are used instead for title buttons which have one of the MwmDecorMax, MwmDecorShade, MwmDecorStick or MwmDecorLayer hints, if the window is maximized, shaded, sticky or placed on specific layer, respectively.
AddToDecor Default + ButtonStyle 6 \
Vector 4 50x25@1 85x75@0 15x75@0 50x25@1 + ButtonStyle 6 ToggledActiveUp \
Vector 4 50x75@0 85x25@1 15x25@0 50x75@0 + ButtonStyle 6 ToggledActiveDown \
Vector 4 50x75@0 85x25@1 15x25@0 50x75@0 + ButtonStyle 6 ToggledInactive \
Vector 4 50x75@0 85x25@1 15x25@0 50x75@0 + ButtonStyle 6 - MwmDecorShade Mouse 0 6 N WindowShade
Additionally, the following shortcuts may be used: "AllNormal", "AllToggled", "AllActive", "AllInactive", "AllUp", "AllDown". They are actually different masks for 4 individual states from 8 total. These are supported too: "AllActiveUp", "AllActiveDown", "AllInactiveUp", "AllInactiveDown".
If state is specified, that particular button state is set. If state is omitted, every state is set. Specifying a style destroys the current style (use AddButtonStyle to avoid this).
If style is omitted, then state-dependent flags can be set for the primary button style without destroying the current style. Examples (each line should be considered independent):
ButtonStyle Left -- flat ButtonStyle All ActiveUp (-- flat) Inactive (-- flat)
The first line sets every state of the left buttons to flat, while the second sets only the "ActiveUp" and "Inactive" states of every button to flat (only flags are changed; the buttons' individual styles are not changed).
If you want to reset all buttons to their defaults:
ButtonStyle Reset
To reset the "ActiveUp" button state of button 1 to the default:
ButtonStyle 1 ActiveUp Default
To reset all button states of button 1 to the default of button number 2:
ButtonStyle 1 Default 2
For any button, multiple state definitions can be given on one line by enclosing the style and flags in parentheses. If only one definition per line is given the parentheses can be omitted.
flags affect the specified state. If a '!' is prefixed to any flag, its behavior is negated. The available state-dependent flags for all styles are described here (the ButtonStyle entry deals with state-independent flags).
Raised causes a raised relief pattern to be drawn.
Sunk causes a sunken relief pattern to be drawn.
Flat inhibits the relief pattern from being drawn.
UseTitleStyle causes the given button state to render the current title style before rendering the buttons' own styles. The Raised, Flat and Sunk TitleStyle flags are ignored since they are redundant in this context.
UseBorderStyle causes the button to inherit the decorated BorderStyle options.
Raised, Sunk and Flat are mutually exclusive, and can be specified for the initial ButtonStyle only. UseTitleStyle and UseBorderStyle are also mutually exclusive (both can be off however). The default is Raised with both UseBorderStyle and UseTitleStyle left unset.
Important
for the "ActiveDown" and "InactiveDown" states: When a button is pressed, the relief is inverted. Because of this, to obtain the raised look in "ActiveDown" or "InactiveDown" states you must specify the opposite of the desired relief (i.e. Sunk for "ActiveDown" or "InactiveDown"). This behavior is consistent, but may seem confusing at first. The same applies to the "Toggled" states.
Button styles are classified as non-destructive, partially destructive, or fully destructive. Non-destructive styles do not affect the image. Partially destructive styles can obscure some or all parts of the underlying image (i.e. Pixmap). Fully destructive styles obscure the entire underlying image (i.e. Solid or one of the gradient styles). Thus, if stacking styles with AddButtonStyle (or AddTitleStyle for title-bars), use care in sequencing styles to minimize redraw.
The available styles are:
Simple, Default, Solid, Colorset, Vector, ?Gradient, Pixmap, AdjustedPixmap, ShrunkPixmap, StretchedPixmap, TiledPixmap, MiniIcon
The description of these styles and their arguments follow:
The Simple style does nothing. There are no arguments, and this style is an example of a non-destructive button style.
The Default style conditionally accepts one argument: a number which specifies the default button number to load. If the style command given is ButtonStyle or AddButtonStyle, the argument is optional (if given, it overrides the current button). If a command other than ButtonStyle or AddButtonStyle is used, the number must be specified.
The Solid style fills the button with a solid color. The relief border color is not affected. The color is specified as a single argument. This style is fully destructive.
The Colorset cs [alpha] style fills the button with the Colorset cs. The optional alpha argument is a percentage between 0 and 100. It causes fvwm to merge the colorset background onto the button using this percentage. If the percentage is 0 the colorset background is hidden and if it is 100 the colorset background is fully applied. The default is 100. So, the destructiveness depends on the alpha argument.
The Vector num X[offsetp]xY[offsetp]@C ... style draws a line pattern. Since this is a standard button style, the keyword Vector is optional, num is a number of point specifications of the form X[offsetp]xY[offsetp]@C ... X and Y are point coordinates inside the button, given in percents (from 0 to 100). An optional absolute offset in pixels, can be given as "+<offset>p" for a positive or "-<offset>p" for a negative offset.
C specifies a line color (0 - the shadow color, 1 - the highlight color, 2 - the background color, 3 - the foreground color, 4 - only move the point, do not draw). The first point color is not used. You can use up to 10000 points in a line pattern. This style is partially destructive.
The specification is a little cumbersome:
ButtonStyle 2 Vector 4 50x30@1 70x70@0 30x70@0 50x30@1
then the button 2 decoration uses a 4-point pattern consisting of a line from (x=50,y=30) to (70,70) in the shadow color (@0), and then to (30,70) in the shadow color, and finally to (50,30) in the highlight color (@1). Is that too confusing? See the fvwm web pages for some examples with screenshots.
A more complex example of Vector:
ButtonStyle 8 Vector 10 45x65@2 45x75@3 \ 20x75@3 20x50@3 35x50@3 35x65@1 35x25@1 \ 75x25@1 75x65@0 35x65@0 ButtonStyle 0 Vector 10 45x65@2 45x75@0 \ 20x75@0 20x50@1 45x50@1 45x65@0 75x65@3 \ 75x25@3 35x25@3 35x47@3
The Gradient styles denote color gradients. Fill in the question mark with any one of the defined gradient types. Please refer to the Color Gradients section for a description of the gradient syntax. The gradient styles are fully destructive.
The Pixmap style displays a pixmap. A pixmap should be specified as an argument. For example, the following would give button number 2 the same pixmap for all 4 states (2 active and 2 inactive), and button number 4 all different pixmaps.
ButtonStyle 2 Pixmap my_pixmap.xpm ButtonStyle 4 \ ActiveUp (Pixmap activeup.xpm) \ ActiveDown (Pixmap activedown.xpm) \ Inactive (Pixmap inactiveup.xpm) ButtonStyle 4 \ InactiveDown Pixmap inactivedown.xpm
The pixmap specification can be given as an absolute or relative pathname (see ImagePath). If the pixmap cannot be found, the button style reverts to Simple. Flags specific to the Pixmap style are Left, Right, Top, and Bottom. These can be used to justify the pixmap (default is centered for both directions). Pixmap transparency is used for the color "None." This style is partially destructive.
The AdjustedPixmap style is similar to the Pixmap style. But the image is resized to exactly fit the button.
The ShrunkPixmap style is similar to the Pixmap style. But if the image is bigger than the button the image is resized to fit into the button.
The StretchedPixmap style is similar to the Pixmap style. But if the image is smaller than the button the image is resized to cover the button.
The TiledPixmap style accepts a pixmap to be tiled as the button background. One pixmap is specified as an argument. Pixmap transparency is not used. This style is fully destructive.
The MiniIcon style draws the window’s miniature icon in the button, which is specified with the MiniIcon option of the Style command. This button style accepts no arguments. Example:
Style * MiniIcon mini-bx2.xpm Style xterm MiniIcon mini-term.xpm Style Emacs MiniIcon mini-doc.xpm ButtonStyle 1 MiniIcon
ButtonStyle button - [!]flag ...
The following flags are usually used to tell fvwm which buttons should be affected by mwm function hints (see MwmFunctions option of the Style command. This is not done automatically since you might have buttons bound to complex functions, for instance.
MwmDecorMenu should be assigned to title-bar buttons which display a menu. The default assignment is the leftmost button. When a window with the MwmFunctions Style option requests not to show this button, it is hidden.
MwmDecorMin should be assigned to title-bar buttons which minimize or iconify the window. The default assignment is the second button over from the rightmost button. When a window with the MwmFunctions Style option requests not to show this button, it is hidden.
MwmDecorMax should be assigned to title-bar buttons which maximize the window. The default assignment is the rightmost button. When a window with the MwmFunctions Style option requests not to show this button, it is hidden. When the window is maximized, the vector pattern on the button looks pressed in.
MwmDecorShade should be assigned to title-bar buttons which shade the window (see WindowShade command). When the window is shaded, the vector pattern on the button looks pressed in.
MwmDecorStick should be assigned to title-bar buttons which make the window sticky. When the window is sticky, the vector pattern on the button looks pressed in.
The flag MwmDecorLayer layer should be assigned to title-bar buttons which place the window in the layer numbered layer. When the window is on that specific layer, the vector pattern on the button looks pressed in.
ChangeDecor decor
Changes the decor of a window to decor. decor is "Default" or the name of a decor defined with AddToDecor. If decor is invalid, nothing occurs. If called from somewhere in a window or its border, then that window is affected. If called from the root window the user is allowed to select the target window. ChangeDecor only affects attributes which can be set using the AddToDecor command.
ChangeDecor CustomDecor1
DestroyDecor [recreate] decor
Deletes the decor defined with AddToDecor, so that subsequent references to it are no longer valid. Windows using this decor revert to the "Default" decor. The optional parameter recreate tells fvwm not to throw away the decor completely but to throw away only its contents. If the decor is created again later, windows do not use it before the UseDecor style is applied again unless the decor was destroyed with the recreate option. The decor named "Default" cannot be destroyed.
DestroyDecor CustomDecor1
TitleStyle [justification] [Height [num]] [MinHeight [num]]
TitleStyle LeftJustified Height 24
TitleStyle [state] [style] [-- [!]flag ...]
If a '!' is prefixed to any flag, its behavior is negated. Valid flags for each state include Raised, Flat and Sunk (these are mutually exclusive). The default is Raised. See the note in ButtonStyle regarding the "ActiveDown" state. Examples:
TitleStyle ActiveUp HGradient 16 navy black TitleStyle \ ActiveDown (Solid red -- flat) \ Inactive (TiledPixmap wood.xpm) TitleStyle \ ActiveUp (-- Flat) \ ActiveDown (-- Raised) \ InactiveUp (-- Flat) \ InactiveDown (-- Sunk)
This sets the "ActiveUp" state to a horizontal gradient, the "ActiveDown" state to solid red, and the "Inactive" states to a tiled wood pixmap. Finally, "ActiveUp" and "InactiveUp" are set to look flat, while "ActiveDown" set to be sunk (the Raised flag for the "ActiveDown" state causes it to appear sunk due to relief inversion), and "InactiveDown" is set to look raised. An example which sets flags for all states:
TitleStyle -- flat
For a flattened look:
TitleStyle -- flat ButtonStyle All Active (-- flat) Inactive (-- flat)
TitleStyle accepts all the ButtonStyle styles and arguments:
Simple, Default, Solid, Colorset, Vector, ?Gradient, Pixmap, AdjustedPixmap, ShrunkPixmap, StretchedPixmap, TiledPixmap, MiniIcon.
See the ButtonStyle command for a description of all these styles and their arguments.
In addition to these styles TitleStyle accepts a powerful MultiPixmap option. This allows you to specify different pixmaps, colorsets or colors for different parts of the titlebar. Some of them are tiled or stretched to fit a particular space; others are discrete "transition" images. The definable sections are:
Main
LeftMain
RightMain
UnderText
LeftOfText
RightOfText
LeftEnd
RightEnd
Buttons
LeftButtons
RightButtons
None of these are mandatory except for Main (or, if you do not define Main you must define both LeftMain and RightMain). If no Buttons pixmaps are defined and UseTitleStyle is specified for one or more buttons, Main, LeftMain or RightMain are used as appropriate.
The syntax for this style type is:
MultiPixmap section style arg, ...
continuing for whatever you want to define. The style can be either TiledPixmap, AdjustedPixmap, Colorset or Solid. See the ButtonStyle command for the description of these styles. In the case of a transition section, LeftEnd, LeftOfText, RightOfText or RightEnd, AdjustedPixmap only resize the pixmap in the "y" direction. For the Colorset and Solid styles a width of the half of the title bar height is assumed for the transition sections.
An example:
MultiPixmap Main AdjustedPixmap foo.xpm, \
UnderText TiledPixmap bar.xpm, \
Buttons Colorset 2
Note that the old syntax is still supported: if the style is omitted, TiledPixmap is assumed and adding "(stretched)" between the section and the file name implies AdjustedPixmap. UpdateDecor [decor]:: This command is deprecated and will be removed in the future. There are plans to replace it with a more flexible solution in fvwm-3.0.
This command is kept mainly for backward compatibility. Since all elements of a decor are updated immediately when they are changed, this command is mostly useless.
Updates window decorations. decor is an optional argument which specifies the decor to update. If given, only windows which are assigned to that particular decor are updated. This command is useful, for instance, after a ButtonStyle, TitleStyle or BorderStyle (possibly used in conjunction with AddToDecor). Specifying an invalid decor results in all windows being updated.
Controlling the Virtual Desktop¶
Desk arg1 [arg2] [min max]
DesktopName desk name
DesktopConfiguration global | per-monitor | shared
With per-monitor , each RandR monitor has a separate copy of desktops, and hence function independently of one another when switching desks/pages.
When shared is set, the desktops are shared amongst all monitors. So for example, with the following number of desktops defined with two monitors ([] is monitor1, and <> is monitor2):
[0] 1 2 <3> 4
Moving between desktops would still honor the monitor the desktop is being requested on. If monitor1 wanted to switch to desktop 3, then that desktop is exchanged with monitor2 such that the following showed the active desktop on both monitors:
<0> 1 2 [3] 4
This concept is similar to how spectrwm or xmonad handles desktops.
Note: these each DesktopConfiguration mode can be changed on-the-fly.
DesktopSize Horizontalx_Vertical_
EdgeResistance delayEdgeResistance scrolling moving [screen-scrolling]
EdgeScroll 100 100
but find themselves accidentally flipping pages when they do not want to. If -1 is given as the delay, scrolling is disabled completely.
The second form of invocation with two or three arguments is obsolete and should be replaced with the following three commands as needed:
EdgeResistance scrolling Style * EdgeMoveDelay scrolling Style * EdgeMoveResistance moving or Style * EdgeMoveResistance moving screen-scrolling
Fvwm does this substitution automatically and prints a warning.
EdgeScroll [screen RANDRNAME] horizontal[p] vertical[p] [wrap | wrapx | wrapy]
EdgeScroll 0 0
in your config file, or possibly better, set the EdgeThickness to zero. See the EdgeThickness command. If you want whole pages, use
EdgeScroll 100 100
Both horizontal and vertical should be positive numbers.
If the horizontal and vertical percentages are multiplied by 1000 or one of the keywords wrap, wrapx and wrapy is given then scrolling wraps around at the edge of the desktop. If
EdgeScroll 100000 100000
is used fvwm scrolls by whole pages, wrapping around at the edge of the desktop.
EdgeThickness [screen RANDRNAME] 0 | 1 | 2
The optional 'screen RANDRNAME' specifies the RandR monitor which this setting should apply to, ignoring all other monitors. Without this option, it applies the value to all monitors.
In order to enable page scrolling via the mouse, four windows called the "pan frames" are placed at the very edge of the screen. This is how fvwm detects the mouse’s presence at the window edge. Because of the way this works, they need to be at the top of the stack and eat mouse events, so if you have any kind of error along the lines of: "mouse clicks at the edge of the screen do the wrong thing" you’re having trouble with the pan frames and (assuming you do not use the mouse to flip between pages) should set the EdgeThickness to 0.
A value of 0 completely disables mouse edge scrolling, even while dragging a window. 1 gives the smallest pan frames, which seem to work best except on some servers.
2 is the default.
Pan frames of 1 or 2 pixels can sometimes be confusing, for example, if you drag a window over the edge of the screen, so that it straddles a pan frame, clicks on the window, near the edge of the screen are treated as clicks on the root window.
EwmhBaseStruts screen RANDRNAME left right top bottom
EwmhNumberOfDesktops num [max]
GotoDesk [prev | arg1 [arg2] [min max]]
The command takes 1, 2, 3, or 4 arguments. A single argument is interpreted as a relative desk number. Two arguments are understood as a relative and an absolute desk number. Three arguments specify a relative desk and the minimum and maximum of the allowable range. Four arguments specify the relative, absolute, minimum and maximum values. (Desktop numbers can be negative). If a literal prev is given as the single argument, the last visited desk number is used.
If arg1 is non zero then the next desktop number is the current desktop number plus arg1.
If arg1 is zero then the new desktop number is arg2. (If arg2 is not present, then the command has no effect.)
If min and max are given, the new desktop number is no smaller than min and no bigger than max. Values out of this range are truncated (if you gave an absolute desk number) or wrapped around (if you gave a relative desk number).
The syntax is the same as for MoveToDesk, which moves a window to a different desktop.
The number of active desktops is determined dynamically. Only desktops which contain windows or are currently being displayed are active. Desktop numbers must be between 2147483647 and -2147483648 (is that enough?).
GotoDeskAndPage screen | prev | desk xpage ypage
GotoPage screen | prev | [options] x[p] y[p]
Possible options are wrapx and wrapy to wrap around the x or y coordinate when the viewport is moved beyond the border of the desktop.
The name of the RandR screen.
To go to the last visited page use prev as the first argument. The GotoPage function should not be used in a pop-up menu.
Examples:
# Go to page (2,3) GotoPage 2 3 # Go to lowest and rightmost page GotoPage -1 -1 # Go to last page visited GotoPage prev # Go two pages to the right and one page up GotoPage +2p -1p
Scroll [screen RANDRNAME] [horizonal[p] vertical[p] | reverse]
Scroll 100 100
means to scroll down and right by one full page.
Scroll 50 25
means to scroll right half a page and down a quarter of a page. The Scroll function should not be called from pop-up menus. Normally, scrolling stops at the edge of the desktop.
If the horizontal and vertical percentages are 100 or more and are multiplied by 1000 then scrolling wraps around at the edge of the desktop. If
Scroll 100000 0
is executed over and over fvwm moves to the next desktop page on each execution and wraps around at the edge of the desktop, so that every page is hit in turn.
If the letter 'p' is appended to each coordinate (horizontal and/or vertical), then the scroll amount is measured in pixels.
Without arguments or if the option reverse is given interactive scrolling takes place. The viewport scrolls as the mouse is moved. With the reverse option scrolling is done in opposite direction of the mouse movement, and without it scrolling in the same direction as the mouse.
The binding
Mouse 1 A CM Scroll reverse
gives an effect of grabbing and dragging the viewport with button 1 if Control and Meta is pressed.
If screen is given, followed by the RANDRNAME of a given display, then the specified screen is scrolled. This is only useful if using per-monitor or shared DesktopConfiguration and wanting to scroll a monitor other than the current monitor. Interactive scrolling always scrolls the current monitor.
User Functions and Shell Commands¶
AddToFunc [name [I | J | M | C | H | D action]]
AddToFunc Move-or-Raise I Raise
+ M Move
+ D Lower
The function name is "Move-or-Raise", and it could be invoked from a menu or a mouse binding or key binding:
Mouse 1 TS A Move-or-Raise
The name must not contain embedded whitespace. No guarantees are made whether function names with embedded whitespace work or not. This behavior may also change in the future without further notice. The letter before the action tells what kind of action triggers the command which follows it. 'I' stands for "Immediate", and is executed as soon as the function is invoked. 'J' is similar to "Immediate" but is delayed until a button is pressed or released or the pointer is moved, or the function completes. It is always executed before the other function actions. 'M' stands for "Motion", i.e. if the user starts moving the mouse. 'C' stands for "Click", i.e., if the user presses and releases the mouse button. 'H' stands for "Hold", i.e. if the user presses a mouse button and holds it down for more than ClickTime milliseconds. 'D' stands for "Double-click". The action 'I' causes an action to be performed on the button-press, if the function is invoked with prior knowledge of which window to act on.
There is a number of predefined symbols that are replaced by certain values if they appear on the command line. Please refer to the Command Expansion section for details.
Warning Please read the comments on executing complex functions in the section Scripting and Complex Functions.
Examples:
If you call
Key F10 R A Function MailFunction xmh "-font fixed"
and "MailFunction" is
AddToFunc MailFunction
+ I Next ($0) Iconify off
+ I Next (AcceptsFocus, $0) Focus
+ I None ($0) Exec exec $0 $1
Then the last line of the function becomes
+ I None (xmh) Exec exec xmh -font fixed
The expansion is performed as the function is executed, so you can use the same function with all sorts of different arguments. You could use
Key F11 R A Function MailFunction zmail "-bg pink"
in the same config, if you wanted. An example of using "$[w.id]" is:
AddToFunc PrintFunction
+ I Raise
+ I Exec xdpr -id $[w.id]
Note that "$$" is expanded to '$'.
Another example: bind right mouse button within the window button number 6 (this is a minimize button for the win95 theme) to iconify all windows of the same resource:
AddToFunc FuncIconifySameResource "I" All ($0) Iconify on Mouse 3 6 A FuncIconifySameResource $[w.resource]
Beep
DestroyFunc function
DestroyFunc PrintFunction
Echo string
Echo Beginning style definitions... Echo Current desk $[desk.n].
EchoFuncDefinition function
Exec command
The following example binds function key
in the root window, with no modifiers, to the exec function. The program rxvt is started with an assortment of options.
Key F1 R N Exec exec rxvt -fg yellow -bg blue \ -e /bin/tcsh
Note that this function doesn’t wait for command to complete, so things like:
Exec "echo AddToMenu ... > /tmp/file" Read /tmp/file
do not work reliably (see the PipeRead command).
ExecUseShell [shell]
ExecUseShell ExecUseShell /usr/local/bin/tcsh
Function FunctionName
Mouse 1 T A Function Move-or-Raise
The keyword Function may be omitted if FunctionName does not coincide with an fvwm command.
Warning: Please read the comments on executing complex functions in the section Scripting and Complex Functions.
InfoStoreAdd key value
The purpose of this command is to store internal information to fvwm which can be used bu fvwm functions, or when opening programs of a certain type. Previous to this command the only way to do this was via SetEnv but this is discouraged because it places such information in the environment, which pollutes it and makes the information global to other processes started by fvwm which may then modify them which might not be what’s wanted. Hence the point of InfoStoreAdd is to still allow for such information to be stored, but kept internal to fvwm.
In this way, one can build up as many key/value pairs as needed. Recalling the value of a given key happens through fvwm’s usual expansion mechanism. See the Command Expansion section for more details. For example:
InfoStoreAdd teddybearprog xteddy # Echo the value of teddybearprog Echo $[infostore.teddybearprog]
Removing an entry from the InfoStore is done with the InfoStoreRemove command.
InfoStoreRemove key
InfoStoreRemove teddybearprog
Nop
AddToMenu MyMenu " " Nop
then a blank line is inserted. If it looks like
+ "" Nop
then a separator line is inserted. Can also be used as the double-click action for Menu or Popup.
PipeRead command [quiet]
Example:
AddToMenu HomeDirMenu PipeRead 'for i in $HOME/*; \ do echo "+ $i Exec xterm -e vi $i"; done'
Note: The PipeRead changes the pointer to a watch cursor by default during execution. However, some commands, for example xwd, need to take control of the pointer themselves and do not work. To disable the watch cursor, use the command prior to PipeRead
BusyCursor Read off
The PipeRead command executes synchronously. If you want to Exec something, but need the command to run synchronously, you might do something like:
PipeRead 'command 1>&2'
The redirection causes any output from the program to go to stderr instead of being read as a sequence of commands by fvwm. PipeRead returns 1 if the given command could be executed or -1 if not (see the section Conditional Commands for the meaning of return codes).
Read filename [quiet]
SetEnv variable value
SetEnv height HEIGHT
Silent command
Another usage of Silent is with binding commands Key, PointerKey and Mouse, this disables error messages.
Silent also disables the error message for non-existent commands. Note: This command is treated as a prefix to its command. Expansion of the command line is done as if Silent was not there.
Examples:
Silent Move 0 0 Silent User_defined_function # do not complain on keyboards without "Help" key Silent Key Help R A Popup HelpMenu
UnsetEnv [variable]
Wait window
AddToFunc InitFunction
+ I Exec exec xterm -geometry 80x64+0+0
+ I Wait xterm
+ I GotoDesk 0 2
+ I Exec exec xmh -font fixed -geometry \
507x750+0+0
+ I Wait xmh
+ I GotoDesk 0 0
The above function starts an xterm on the current desk, waits for it to map itself, then switches to desk 2 and starts an xmh. After the xmh window appears control moves to desk 0.
Fvwm remains partially functional during a wait, but any input from the modules is queued up and processed only after the window appears or the command is aborted. For example, windows can not be focused with FvwmIconMan or FvwmPager during a wait.
You can escape from a Wait pause by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Escape (where Alt is the first modifier). To redefine this key sequence see the EscapeFunc command.
Status On | Off
The format of the JSON blob looks like this:
{
"version": 3,
"current_screen": "HDMI2",
"screens": {
"HDMI2": {
"randr_order": 0,
"current_client": "n6tadam@shuttle: ~",
"desktops": {
"0": {
"number": 0,
"is_urgent": false,
"is_current": true,
"number_of_clients": 5
},
},
},
},
}
These sections repeat for all screens/groups/etc, depending on how many there are of each.
Conditional Commands¶
Conditional commands are commands that are only executed if certain conditions are met. Most conditional commands work on windows, like Next, ThisWindow or All. There is one conditional command, Test, that works on global conditions unrelated to windows. The syntax of the conditions is described below. For readability, the list of conditions is located at the end of this section.
Return Codes
The Ring of Windows
List of Conditional Commands
All [options] [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
Any [(conditions)] command
Break [levels]
AddToFunc PickWindowRaiseAndDeiconify + I Pick + I TestRc (Error) Break + I Raise + I Iconify off
Current [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
Direction [FromPointer] direction [(conditions)] command
KeepRc command
Next [(conditions)] command
None [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
NoWindow command
Pick [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
PointerWindow [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
Prev [(conditions)] command
ScanForWindow [FromPointer] dir1 dir2 [(conditions)] command
Test [(test-conditions)] command
The Version operator x.y.z test-condition is fulfilled if the logical condition of the expression is true. Valid operator values are: >=, >, ⇐, <, == and !=.
Example:
Test (Version >= 2.5.11) Echo 2.5.11 or later.
The EnvIsSet varname test-condition is true if the given environment variable is set. The EnvMatch varname pattern test-condition is true if pattern matches the given environment or infostore variable value. (See InfoStoreAdd). The pattern may contain special "*" and "?" chars. The "varname" is coded without the leading dollar sign ($).
The EdgeHasPointer [direction] test-condition is true if the edge in the given direction currently contains the pointer. The EdgeIsActive [direction] test-condition is true if the edge in the given direction currently is active. An edge is active, and can contain a pointer if either a command is bound to it or edge scroll is available in that direction. The direction may be one of * Any, North, Top, Up, West, Left, South, Bottom, Down, Right* and * East. If no direction is specified Any* is assumed.
The Start test-condition is the same as either Init or Restart. It is only true on startup or restart prior and during StartFunction execution. The Exit test-condition is the same as either Quit or ToRestart. It is only valid on shutdown during ExitFunction function execution.
The True and False test-conditions are unconditionally true and false.
Additionally, if a test-condition name is not recognized, the Error return code is set and the command is not executed.
The F file, R file, W file, X file and I file test-conditions test for existence of the given [F]ile (possibly with [R]ead/[W]rite permissions), e[X]ecutable (in $PATH), or the [I]mage (in ImagePath).
Example:
AddToFunc StartFunction I Test (Init) Exec exec xterm AddToFunc VerifyVersion + I Test (Version 2.5.*) Echo 2.5.x detected + I TestRc (NoMatch) \ Test (!Version 2.6.*) Echo Future version + I TestRc (NoMatch) \ Echo 2.6.x is detected Test (F $[FVWM_USERDIR]/local-config) Read local-config Test (X xterm-utf16) Exec exec xterm-utf16
TestRc [([!]returncode)] command
AddToFunc ToggleXterm + I All (my_xtermwindow) Close + I TestRc (NoMatch) Exec xterm -T my_xtermwindow
ThisWindow [(conditions)] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying "!CirculateHit" etc. explicitly.
WindowId [id] [(conditions)] | [root] command
This command implies the conditions CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon and CirculateHitShaded. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly.
Examples:
WindowId 0x34567890 Raise WindowId root 1 WarpToWindow 50 50 WindowId $0 (Silly_Popup) Delete
In the past this command was mostly useful for functions used with the WindowList command, or for selective processing of FvwmEvent calls (as in the last example), but currently these handler functions are called within a window context, so this command is not really needed in these cases. Still it may be useful if, for example, the window id should be stored in the environment variable for a further proceeding.
Pick SetEnv BOOKMARKED_WINDOW $[w.id] WindowId $[BOOKMARKED_WINDOW] WarpToWindow
Conditions
In addition, the conditions may include one or more window names to match to. If more than one window name is given, all of them must match. The window name, icon name, class, and resource are considered when attempting to find a match. Each name may include the wildcards '*' and '?', and may consist of two or more alternatives, separated by the character '|', which acts as an OR operator. (If OR operators are used, they must not be separated by spaces from the names.) Each window name can begin with '!', which prevents command if any of the window name, icon name, class or resource match. However, '!' must not be applied to individual names in a group separated by OR operators; it may only be applied to the beginning of the group, and then it operates on the whole group.
Examples:
Next ("Netscape|konqueror|Mozilla*") WarpToWindow 99 90
This goes to the next web browser window, no matter which of the three named web browsers is being used.
Next ("Mozilla*", "Bookmark*") WarpToWindow 99 90
This goes to Mozilla’s bookmark manager window, ignoring other Mozilla windows and other browsers' bookmark windows.
All ("XTerm|rxvt", !console) Iconify
This iconifies all the xterm and rxvt windows on the current page, except that the one named "console" (with the -name option to xterm) is excluded.
Next (!"FvwmPager|FvwmForm*|FvwmButtons") Raise Next (!FvwmPager, !FvwmForm*, !FvwmButtons) Raise
These two commands are equivalent; either one raises the next window which is not one of the named fvwm modules.
Any condition can be negated by using a an exclamation mark ('!') directly in front of its name.
AcceptsFocus, AnyScreen, CirculateHit, CirculateHitIcon, CirculateHitShaded, Closable, CurrentDesk, CurrentGlobalPage, CurrentGlobalPageAnyDesk, CurrentPage, CurrentPageAnyDesk, CurrentScreen, Desk, FixedPosition, FixedSize, Focused, HasBorders, HasHandles, HasPointer, HasTitle, TitleAtTop, TitleAtBottom, TitleAtLeft, TitleAtRight, Iconic, Iconifiable, Layer [n], Maximizable, Maximized, Overlapped, PlacedByButton n, PlacedByButton3, PlacedByFvwm, Raised, Shaded, State n, Sticky, StickyAcrossDesks, StickyAcrossPages, StickyIcon, StickyAcrossDesksIcon, StickyAcrossPagesIcon, Transient, Visible.
The AcceptsFocus condition excludes all windows that do not want the input focus (the application has set the "Input hints" for the window to False) and do not use the Lenience option of the Style command. Also, all windows using the NeverFocus style are ignored. Note: !Lenience is equivalent to the deprecated option NoLenience.
With the AnyScreen condition used together with any of the Current... conditions, windows that do not intersect the screen containing the mouse pointer are considered for a match too. For example:
# Focus next window on current page, # regardless of screen Next (CurrentPage, AnyScreen) Focus
The CirculateHit and CirculateHitIcon options override the CirculateSkip and CirculateSkipIcon Style attributes for normal or iconic windows. The CirculateHitShaded option overrides the CirculateSkipShaded Style. All three options are turned on by default for the Current command. They can be turned off by specifying !CirculateHit etc. explicitly. Note: Do not confuse these conditions with the style options of the same name. Specifically,
Style foo CirculateSkip Next (foo, CirculateHit) ...
is not the same as
Style foo CirculateHit ... Next (foo)
The prior selects windows with the name foo only in the Next command. In the second example, these windows are always matched in all conditional commands.
The Closable condition matches only windows that are allowed to be closed.
The CurrentDesk condition matches only windows that are on the current desk.
The CurrentGlobalPage condition matches only windows that are on the current page of the current desk, regardless of which screen the window is on. This condition implicitly activates the CurrentDesk condition.
The CurrentGlobalPageAnyDesk condition matches only windows that are on the current page of any desk, regardless of RandR screen .
The CurrentPage condition matches only windows that are on the current page of the current desk. This condition implicitly activates the CurrentDesk condition.
The CurrentPageAnyDesk and CurrentScreen conditions matches only windows that are on the current page of any desk.
The Screen [name] condition matches only windows which are on the specified screen.
The Desk [n] condition matches only windows which are on the specified desk.
The FixedPosition condition excludes all windows that do not have a fixed position, either set through WM hints or the Style option FixedPosition. Example:
DestroyFunc ToggleFixedGeometry AddToFunc ToggleFixedGeometry + I Pick (FixedPosition) \ WindowStyle VariablePosition, VariableSize + I TestRc (NoMatch) WindowStyle FixedPosition, FixedSize
The FixedSize condition excludes all windows that do not have a fixed size, either set through WM hints or the Style option FixedSize.
The Focused matches on the window that currently has the keyboard focus. This is not useful for the Current command but can be used with the other conditional commands.
The HasBorders condition excludes all windows that do not have borders.
The HasHandles condition excludes all windows that do not have resize handles.
The HasPointer condition excludes all windows that do not contain the pointer.
The HasTitle condition excludes all windows that do not have a titlebar.
The TitleAtTop, TitleAtBottom, TitleAtLeft, TitleAtRight conditions test for the titlebar at that window location.
The Iconic condition matches only iconic windows.
The Iconifiable condition matches only windows that are allowed to be iconified.
The Layer [n] condition matches only windows on the specified layer. The optional argument of the Layer condition defaults to the layer of the focused window. The negation !Layer switches off the Layer condition.
The Maximizable condition matches only windows that are allowed to be maximized.
The Maximized condition matches only maximized windows.
The Overlapped condition matches only windows that are overlapped by other windows on the same layer (or unmanaged windows if the option RaiseOverUnmanaged of the BugOpts command is used). Note that this condition can be slow if you have many windows or if RaiseOverUnmanaged is used and the connection to the X server is slow.
The PlacedByButton n condition is fulfilled if the last interactive motion of the window (with the Move command or as ManualPlacement) was ended by pressing mouse button n. Example:
Mouse 1 T A Function MoveWindow DestroyFunc MoveWindow AddToFunc MoveWindow + C Move + C ThisWindow (PlacedByButton 5) WindowShade off + C TestRc (Match) Maximize on 0 100 + C ThisWindow (PlacedByButton 4) WindowShade on
The PlacedByButton3 condition has the same meaning as PlacedByButton 3. It remains only for backward compatibility.
The PlacedByFvwm condition excludes all windows that have been placed manually or by using the user or program position hint.
The Raised conditions matches only windows that are fully visible on the current viewport and not overlapped by any other window.
The Shaded conditions matches only shaded windows (see WindowShade command).
The State n or !State n conditions match only windows with the specified integer state set (or unset). See the State command for details. The argument may range from 0 to 31.
The Sticky, StickyAcrossDesks and StickyAcrossPages match only windows that are currently sticky, sticky across all desks or sticky across all pages. Please refer to the Style options with the same name and the commands Stick, StickAcrossDesks and StickAcrossPages for details.
The StickyIcon, StickyAcrossDesksIcon and StickyAcrossPagesIcon match only windows that become sticky, sticky across all desks or sticky across all pages when they are in iconified state.
The Transient condition matches only windows that have the "transient" property set by the application. This it usually the case for application popup menus and dialogs. The FvwmIdent module can be used to find out whether a specific window is transient.
The Visible condition matches only windows that are at least partially visible on the current viewport and not completely overlapped by other windows.
Module Commands¶
Fvwm maintains a database of module configuration lines in a form
*<ModuleName>: <Config-Resource>
where <ModuleName> is either a real module name or an alias.
This database is initially filled from config file (or from output of -cmd config command), and can be later modified either by user (via FvwmCommand) or by modules.
When modules are run, they read appropriate portion of database. (The concept of this database is similar to one used in X resource database).
Commands for manipulating module configuration database are described below.
* module_config_line
*FvwmPager: WindowBorderWidth 1 *FvwmButtons-TopRight: Geometry 100x100-0+0 *FvwmButtons-Bottom: Geometry +0-0
DestroyModuleConfig module_config
The new non-conflicting syntax allows a delimiter, a colon and optional spaces between the module name and the rest of the line. In this case a module name (or alias) can’t have wildcards.
DestroyModuleConfig FvwmButtons* DestroyModuleConfig FvwmForm: Fore DestroyModuleConfig FvwmIconMan: Tips*
KillModule modulename [modulealias]
# kill all pagers KillModule FvwmPager Module FvwmEvent SoundEvent KillModule FvwmEvent SoundEvent
Module modulename [moduleparams]
Module FvwmForm MyForm
At the current time the available modules (included with fvwm) are FvwmAnimate (produces animation effects when a window is iconified or de-iconified), FvwmAuto (an auto raise module), FvwmBacker (to change the background when you change desktops), FvwmBanner (to display a spiffy XBM, XPM, PNG or SVG), FvwmButtons (brings up a customizable tool bar), FvwmCommandS (a command server to use with shell’s FvwmCommand client), FvwmConsole (to execute fvwm commands directly), FvwmEvent (trigger various actions by events), FvwmForm (to bring up dialogs), FvwmIconMan (a flexible icon manager), FvwmIdent (to get window info), FvwmPager (a mini version of the desktop), FvwmPerl (a Perl manipulator and preprocessor), FvwmProxy (to locate and control obscured windows by using small proxy windows), FvwmRearrange (to rearrange windows), FvwmScript (another powerful dialog toolkit), These modules have their own man pages. There may be other modules out on there as well.
Modules can be short lived transient programs or, like FvwmButtons , can remain for the duration of the X session. Modules are terminated by the window manager prior to restarts and quits, if possible. See the introductory section on modules. The keyword Module may be omitted if modulename is distinct from all fvwm commands.
ModuleListenOnly modulename [moduleparams]
ModulePath path
The ModulePath may contain environment variables such as $HOME (or ${HOME}). Further, a '+' in the path is expanded to the previous value of the path, allowing easy appending or prepending to the path.
For example:
ModulePath ${HOME}/lib/fvwm/modules:+
The directory containing the standard modules is available via the environment variable $FVWM_MODULEDIR.
ModuleSynchronous [Expect string] [Timeout secs] modulename
Warning: It is quite easy to hang fvwm with this command, even if a timeout is given. Be extra careful choosing the string to wait for. Although all modules in the fvwm distribution send back the "NOP FINISHED STARTUP" string once they have properly started up, this may not be the case for third party modules. Moreover, you can try to escape from a locked ModuleSynchronous command by using the key sequence
(see the EscapeFunc).
ModuleTimeout timeout
SendToModule modulename string
Session Management Commands¶
Quit
Restart [window_manager [params]]
This command should not have a trailing ampersand. The command can have optional parameters with simple shell-like syntax. You can use ~ (is expanded to the user’s home directory) and environmental variables $VAR or ${VAR}. Here are several examples:
Key F1 R N Restart Key F1 R N Restart fvwm1 -f .fvwmrc Key F1 R N Restart xterm -n '"X console"' -T \"X\ console\" -e fvwm
Note, currently with multi headed displays, restart of fvwms on different screens works independently.
Restart --pass-args window_manager
Restart --dont-preserve-state [other-params]
Restart [other-params]
but it does not save any window states over the restart.
Without this option, Restart preserves most per-window state by writing it to a file named .fs-restart-$HOSTDISPLAY in the user’s home directory.
SaveSession
SaveQuitSession
Colorsets¶
Colorsets are a powerful method to control colors. Colorsets create appearance resources that are shared by fvwm and its modules. When a colorset is modified all parts of fvwm react to that change. A colorset includes a foreground color, background color, shadow and highlight color (often based on the background color), background face (this includes images and all kinds of gradients). There is a way to render background face and specify other color operations.
Colorset num [options]
Warning: The highest colorset number used determines memory consumption. Thus, if you define 'Colorset 100000', the memory for 100001 colorsets is used. Keep your colorset numbers as small as possible.
By convention, colorsets are numbered like this:
# 0 = Default colors # 1 = Inactive windows # 2 = Active windows # 3 = Inactive menu entry and menu background # 4 = Active menu entry # 5 = greyed out menu entry (only bg used) # 6 = module foreground and background # 7 = hilight colors
If you need to have more colors and do not want to reinvent the wheel, you may use the convention used in fvwm-themes, it defines the meaning of the first 40 colorsets for nearly all purposes:
<http://fvwm-themes.sourceforge.net/doc/colorsets>
Each colorset has four colors, an optional pixmap and an optional shape mask. The four colors are used by modules as the foreground, background, highlight and shadow colors. When a colorset is created it defaults to a foreground of black and background of gray. The background and foreground are marked as "average" and "contrast" (see later) so that just specifying a pixmap or gradient gives sensible results.
options is a comma separated list containing some of the keywords: fg, Fore, Foreground, bg, Back, Background, hi, Hilite, Hilight, sh, Shade, Shadow, fgsh, Pixmap, TiledPixmap, AspectPixmap, Transparent, RootTransparent, Shape, TiledShape, AspectShape, NoShape, ?Gradient, Tint, fgTint, bgTint, Alpha, fgAlpha, Dither, NoDither, IconTint, IconAlpha, Plain.
fg, Fore and Foreground take a color name as an argument and set the foreground color. The special name Contrast may be used to select a color that contrasts well with the background color. To reset the foreground color to the default value you can simply omit the color name.
bg, Back and Background take a color name as an argument and set the background color. It also sets the highlight and shadow colors to values that give a 3d effect unless these have been explicitly set with the options below. The special name Average may be used to select a color that is the average color of the pixmap. If the pixmap is tinted with the Tint option, the tint is not taken in account in the computation of the average color. You should use the bgTint option to get the "real" average color. The background color is reset to the default value if the color name is omitted.
hi, Hilite and Hilight take a color name as an argument and set the highlight color. If the highlight color is not explicitly set, the default is to calculate it from the background color. To switch back to the default behavior the color name can be omitted.
sh, Shade and Shadow take a color name as an argument and set the shadow color. If the shadow color is not explicitly set, the default is to calculate it from the background color. To switch back to the default behavior the color name can be omitted.
fgsh takes a color name as an argument and sets the color used by the shadowing font effect. See the Font Shadow Effects section of the fvwm man page. By default this color is computed from the foreground and background colors. To switch back to the default the color name can be omitted.
Pixmap, TiledPixmap and AspectPixmap take a file name as an argument, search the ImagePath and use it as the background pixmap. Any transparent parts are filled with the background color. Not specifying a file name removes any existing image from the colorset. TiledPixmap produces repeated copies of the image with no scaling, Pixmap causes the image to be stretched to fit whatever object the colorset is applied to and AspectPixmap stretches to fit but retains the image aspect ratio.
Transparent creates a transparent background pixmap. The pixmap is used as a window background to achieve root transparency. For this you should use the ParentalRelativity option to the Style command. A subsequent root background change may be detected or not, this depends on the program used to set the background. If you use fvwm-root, xsetbg (xli), FvwmBacker with solid or colorset colors or a recent version of Esetroot (>= 9.2) a background change is detected. If background changes are not detected (e.g., if you use xv or xsetroot) you can force detection by using the -d option of fvwm-root:
xv -root -quit mybg.png; fvwm-root -d
Due to the way X implements transparency no guarantees can be made that the desired effect can be achieved. The application may even crash. If you experience any problems with this option, do not use it.
Using outline move and resize (see the OpaqueMoveSize command and the ResizeOpaque Style option) as well as setting the WindowShadeShrinks style may help. The transparency achieved with Transparent depends on whether the colorset is applied to the foreground or the background of a window. In the second case the transparency is relative to the parent window of the window on which the colorset is defined. For example:
Colorset 12 VGradient 200 grey30 grey60 Colorset 17 Transparent *FvwmIconMan: Colorset 12 *FvwmIconMan: PlainColorset 17
gives an IconMan with a vertical grey gradient background and the buttons use the background (by transparency). To obtain a (root) transparent IconMan:
Colorset 12 Transparent Colorset 17 Transparent Colorset 18 Transparent Colorset 19 Transparent *FvwmIconMan: Colorset 12 *FvwmIconMan: PlainColorset 17 *FvwmIconMan: FocusColorset 18 *FvwmIconMan: IconColorset 19
The Colorset IconMan option defines the IconMan window background, but the PlainColorset and the FocusColorset are drawn on the foreground. So, the transparency of the IconMan buttons is achieved by drawing nothing. Now if this IconMan is swallowed in an FvwmButtons as:
FvwmButtons:(Colorset 10, Swallow "FvwmIconMan" 'FvwmIconMan')
then, FvwmIconMan becomes a child of FvwmButtons and it is transparent relative to FvwmButtons. So, in this case FvwmIconMan uses Colorset 10 as background. If you want root transparency use the RootTransparent option. FvwmButtons FvwmIconMan, and FvwmIdent, are relatively simple. There is one main colorset option which defines the background of the window and the other colorsets (if any) are drawn on the foreground. The case of FvwmProxy is simpler, the two colorsets refer to the window backgrounds. FvwmPager is more complicated as almost everything in the pager are windows with some parental relations (the mini windows are the child and the desktops are the parents and all this is complicated by the hilighted page). So, the colorsets apply to the background of these windows. You should experiment. For FvwmForm and FvwmScript the situation is similar. There is a main window (a child of the root window) which corresponds to the main colorset and most of the widgets are windows which are children of the main window. Tint may work or not with the Transparent option. When the colorset is drawn on the foreground Tint should work. In some cases, tinting may be very slow. Tinting may work with fvwm menu (without animation). Tinting may work better if your X server has backing store enabled (try xdpyinfo to see if this the case). There is a chance that the backing store support of your X server does not work well with the terrible hack used to Tint the ParentRelative Pixmap. So, to get tinted root transparency it is more safe to use the RootTransparent option.
RootTransparent [ buffer ] creates a root transparent background. To make this option work, you must use an Esetroot compatible program, fvwm-root with the --retain-pixmap option or FvwmBacker with the RetainPixmap option (and colorset or solid backgrounds). The buffer keyword is useful only when the Tint option is used too. This speeds up creation of windows which use the colorset (useful for fvwm menus) at the cost of memory usage. It also speeds up opaque move and resize which can be unacceptably slow without buffer. However, this option may add a lot of memory to your X server (depending on the size of the image used to set the background). In summary, using outline move and resize for modules which use such a colorset may be a good idea.
Shape, TiledShape and AspectShape take a file name as an argument, search the ImagePath and use it as the shape bitmap. TiledShape produces repeated copies of the bitmap with no scaling, Shape causes the bitmap to be stretched to fit whatever object the colorset is applied to and AspectShape stretches to fit but retains the bitmap aspect ratio. If the file is a pixmap in xpm format the shape mask (all opaque pixels) of the pixmap is used. For png and svg images, the shape mask is equivalent to all not completely transparent pixels (alpha > 0).
Warning Due to the way X11 implements shapes you cannot take back making windows shaped. You may have to restart fvwm or the shaped application.
?Gradient ... creates a pixmap and stretches it to fit the window. ?Gradient may be one of HGradient, VGradient, DGradient, BGradient, SGradient, CGradient, RGradient or YGradient. The gradient types are as follows: H is horizontal; V is vertical; D is diagonal from top left to bottom right; B is a backwards diagonal from bottom left to top right; S is concentric squares; C is concentric circles; R is a radar like pattern and Y is a Yin Yang style (but without the dots). Please refer to the Color Gradients section for the syntax of gradients.
Tint takes 2 arguments, a color and a percentage between 0 and 100. It causes the image defined using ?Pixmap or ?Gradient to be tinted with the specified color using the percentage. If the image is transparent Tint tints only the image part. Unfortunately, a colorset background specified using the Transparent option can give strange results. See the Transparent option for details. With no arguments this option removes the tint.
fgTint takes 2 arguments, a color and a percentage between 0 and 100. It causes the color defined using fg to be tinted with the specified color using the percentage. With no arguments this option removes the tint.
bgTint takes 2 arguments, a color and a percentage between 0 and 100. It causes the color defined using bg to be tinted with the specified color using the percentage. If the sh and hi colors are not specified, they are recomputed from the tinted bg color. With no arguments this option removes the tint.
Alpha takes a percentage between 0 and 100 as an argument. It causes fvwm to merge the image defined using ?Pixmap or ?Gradient with the bg color using the percentage. If the percentage is 0 the image is hidden and if it is 100 the image is displayed as usual (no merge). The default is 100 and it is restored if no argument is given.
fgAlpha takes a percentage between 0 and 100 as an argument. It causes fvwm to merge the text and the colorset background using the percentage. If the percentage is 0 the text is hidden and if it is 100 the text is displayed as usual (no merge). This option has an effect only with fonts loaded by Xft, see the Font Names and Font Loading section. The default is 100 and it is restored if no argument is given.
Dither causes fvwm to dither the image defined using ?Pixmap or ?Gradient. This is useful only with displays with depth less than or equal to 16 (i.e., on displays which can only display less than 65537 colors at once). The dithering effect lets you simulate having more colors available that you actually have. NoDither causes fvwm to do not dither the images. Dither is the default if the depth is less than or equal to 8 (a screen with 256 colors or less). In depth 15 (32768 colors) and 16 (65536 colors), the default is NoDither, however this effect can be useful with images which contain a lot of close colors. For example a fine gradient looks more smooth.
IconTint takes 2 arguments, a color and a percentage between 0 and 100. It causes fvwm or a module to tint the "icons" which are rendered into the colorset background with the specified color using a percentage. Here "icons" means, fvwm Icons, fvwm menu icons, MiniIcons which represent applications in various modules, images loaded by modules (e.g., images specified by the Icon FvwmButtons button option) ...etc. With no arguments this option removes the icon tint.
IconAlpha takes a percentage between 0 and 100 as an argument. It causes fvwm to merge the "icons" which are rendered into the colorset background using this percentage. The default is 100 and it is restored if no argument is given.
Note: It is equivalent to use "Tint a_color rate" and "Alpha a" if a = 100 and the bg color is a_color. This equivalence does not hold for IconAlpha and IconTint as the background can be an image or a gradient (and not a uniform color background). However, in some cases you can achieve (almost) the same effect by using IconTint in the place of IconAlpha. This is preferable as, in general, IconAlpha generates more redrawing than IconTint.
NoShape removes the shape mask from the colorset while Plain removes the background pixmap or gradient.
Examples
Colorset 3 fg tan, bg navy
If necessary this creates colorsets 0, 1, 2 and 3 and then changes colorset 3 to have a foreground of tan, a background of navy.
Colorset 3 bg "navy blue"
changes the background color of colorset 3 to navy blue. The foreground and pixmap are unchanged.
Colorset 3 AspectPixmap large_murky_dungeon.xpm
causes depression.
Colorset 3 bg Average
Sets the background color and the relief colors to match the background pixmap. This is the default setting but it must be used if a background color was specified and is now not required.
Colorset 3 YGradient 200 3 blue 1000 navy 1 blue 1000 navy
Adds a Yin Yang gradient background pixmap to colorset 3. If the background is set to average it is recomputed along with the foreground if that is set to contrast.
#!/bin/sh FvwmCommand "Colorset 7 fg navy, bg gray" while true do
FvwmCommand "Colorset 7 fg gray"
sleep 1
FvwmCommand "Colorset 7 fg navy"
sleep 1 done
Makes colorset 7 blink.
The color names used in colorsets are saved as fvwm variables which can be substituted in any fvwm command. For example:
AddToFunc InitFunction + I Exec exec xterm -fg $[fg.cs0] -bg $[bg.cs0]
Where $[fg.cs0] is the foreground color of colorset zero. Please refer to the Command Expansion section for more information.
CleanupColorsets
Color Gradients
The color gradient syntax has two forms:
?Gradient colors start-color end-color
This form specifies a linear gradient. The arguments denote the total number of colors to allocate (between 2 and 1000), the initial color and the final color.
Example:
TitleStyle VGradient 20 rgb:b8/ce/bc rgb:5b/85/d0
?Gradient colors segments color length color [length color] ...
The second form specifies a nonlinear gradient. The arguments are: the total number of colors to allocate (between 2 and 1000), then the number of segments. For each segment, specify the starting color, a relative length, then the ending color. Each subsequent segment begins with the second color of the last segment. The lengths may be any non-negative integers. The length of one segment divided by the sum of all segments lengths is the fraction of the colors that are used for the segment.
Examples:
Colorset 0 DGradient 128 2 lightgrey 50 blue 50 white # 20% gradient from red to blue, # 30% from blue to black, # 50% from black to grey Colorset 0 DGradient 100 3 Red 20 Blue 30 Black 50 Grey # 50% from blue to green, then # 50% from yellow to red Colorset 0 HGradient 128 3 Blue 1000 Green 1 Yellow 1000 Red
Note: Some gradient styles may be slow and consume huge amounts of memory, so if you encounter performance problems with them you may be better off by not using them. To improve performance you can try one or all of the following:
+ Turn hilighting of the active menu item other than foreground color off:
+
MenuStyle <style> Hilight3DOff, !HilightBack
+ Make sure sub menus do not overlap the parent menu. This can prevent menus being redrawn every time a sub menu pops up or down.
+
MenuStyle <style> PopupOffset 1 100
+ Run your X server with backing storage. If your X Server is started with the -bs option, turn it off. If not try the -wm and +bs options:
+
startx -- -wm +bs
+ You may have to adapt this example to your system (e.g. if you use xinit to start X).
ENVIRONMENT¶
The environment variables that have an effect on how fvwm operates are the following:
DISPLAY
FVWM_USERDIR
FVWM3_LOGFILE
FVWM_DATADIR
FVWM_MODULEDIR
SESSION_MANAGER
SESSION_MANAGER_NAME
SM_SAVE_DIR
AUTHORS¶
Robert Nation with help from many people, based on twm code, which was written by Tom LaStrange. After Robert Nation came Charles Hines, followed by Brady Montz. Currently fvwm is developed by a number of people on the fvwm-workers mailing list.
COPYRIGHT¶
Fvwm and all the modules, scripts and other files coming with the distribution are subject to the GNU General Public License (GPL). Please refer to the COPYING file that came with fvwm for details.
BUGS¶
Bug reports can be sent to the fvwm-workers mailing list at <fvwm-workers@fvwm.org>
The official fvwm homepage is <http://fvwm.org/>.
| 2024-07-25 |