FTPD(8) | System Manager's Manual (smm) | FTPD(8) |
NAME¶
ftpd
— Internet
File Transfer Protocol server
SYNOPSIS¶
ftpd |
[option ...] |
DESCRIPTION¶
ftpd
is the Internet File Transfer
Protocol server process. The server uses the TCP protocol and listens at the
port specified in the “ftp” service specification; see
services(5).
OPTIONS¶
-4
,--ipv4
- Restrict daemon to listen to IPv4 addresses only.
-6
,--ipv6
- Restrict daemon to listen to IPv6 addresses only.
-d
,--debug
- Debugging information is written to the syslog using LOG_FTP.
-l
,--logging
- Each successful and failed ftp(1) session is logged using syslog with a facility of LOG_FTP. If this option is specified twice, the retrieve (get), store (put), append, delete, make directory, remove directory and rename operations and their filename arguments are also logged.
-A
,--anonymous-only
- Only anonymous login is allowed.
-D
,--daemon
- ftpd enters daemon-mode. That allows ftpd to be run without inetd.
-q
,--no-version
- Quiet mode. No information about the version of the ftpd is given to the client.
-T
,--max-timeout
timeout- A client may also request a different timeout period; the maximum period
allowed may be set to timeout seconds with the
-T
option. The default limit is 2 hours. -t
,--timeout
timeout- The inactivity timeout period is set to timeout seconds (the default is 15 minutes).
-p
,--pidfile
pidfile- Change default location of pidfile.
-a
,--auth
auth- Give anonymous another login-name (anonymous and
ftpd will still work). It can be one of
- default
- Use passwd authentication.
- pam
- Use PAM service 'ftp'.
--non-rfc2577
- Neglect RFC 2577 by giving information on missing users.
-u
,--umask
value- Set default umask to value.
-
?,--help
- Display a help list.
--usage
- Display a short usage message.
-V
,--version
- Display program version.
OPERATION¶
The file /etc/nologin can be used to
disable ftp access. If the file exists, ftpd
displays it and exits. If the file /etc/ftpwelcome
exists, ftpd
prints it before issuing the
“ready” message. If the file /etc/motd
exists, ftpd
prints it after a successful login.
The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests. The case of the requests is ignored.
Request | Description |
ABOR | abort previous command |
ACCT | specify account (ignored) |
ALLO | allocate storage (vacuously) |
APPE | append to a file |
CDUP | change to parent of current working directory |
CWD | change working directory |
DELE | delete a file |
EPRT | extended data connection port, RFC 2428 |
EPSV | extended passive transfer request, RFC 2428 |
FEAT | display command extensions |
HELP | give help information |
LIST | give list files in a directory (“ls
-lgA ”) |
LPRT | long data connection port, RFC 1639 |
LPSV | long passive transfer request, RFC 1639 |
MKD | make a directory |
MDTM | show last modification time of file |
MODE | specify data transfer mode |
NLST | give name list of files in directory |
NOOP | do nothing |
OPTS | option settings |
PASS | specify password |
PASV | prepare for server-to-server transfer |
PORT | specify data connection port |
PWD | print the current working directory |
QUIT | terminate session |
REST | restart incomplete transfer |
RETR | retrieve a file |
RMD | remove a directory |
RNFR | specify rename-from file name |
RNTO | specify rename-to file name |
SITE | non-standard commands (see next section) |
SIZE | return size of file |
STAT | return status of server |
STOR | store a file |
STOU | store a file with a unique name |
STRU | specify data transfer structure |
SYST | show operating system type of server system |
TYPE | specify data transfer type |
USER | specify user name |
XCUP | change to parent of current working directory (deprecated) |
XCWD | change working directory (deprecated) |
XMKD | make a directory (deprecated) |
XPWD | print the current working directory (deprecated) |
XRMD | remove a directory (deprecated) |
The following non-standard or UNIX specific commands are supported by the SITE request.
Request | Description |
UMASK | change umask, e.g. SITE UMASK 002 |
IDLE | set idle-timer, e.g. SITE IDLE 60 |
CHMOD | change mode of a file, e.g. SITE CHMOD 755 filename |
HELP | give help information. |
The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959 are recognized, but not implemented. MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but will appear in the next updated FTP RFC.
The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the ABOR command is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP) signal and a Telnet "Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream, as described in Internet RFC 959. If a STAT command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a Telnet IP and Synch, transfer status will be returned.
ftpd
interprets file names according to
the “globbing” conventions used by csh(1).
This allows users to utilize the metacharacters
“*?[]{}~
”.
ftpd
authenticates users according to
three rules.
- The login name must be in the password data base, /etc/passwd, and not have a null password. In this case a password must be provided by the client before any file operations may be performed.
- The login name must not appear in the file /etc/ftpusers.
- The user must have a standard shell returned by getusershell(3).
- If the user name is “anonymous” or “ftp”, an anonymous ftp account must be present in the password file (user “ftp”). In this case the user is allowed to log in by specifying any password (by convention an email address for the user should be used as the password).
In the last case, ftpd
takes special
measures to restrict the client's access privileges. The server performs a
chroot(2) to the home directory of the “ftp”
user. In order that system security is not breached, it is recommended that
the “ftp” subtree be constructed with care, following these
rules:
- ~ftp
- Make the home directory owned by “root” and unwritable by anyone.
- ~ftp/bin
- Make this directory owned by “root” and unwritable by anyone (mode 555). The program ls(1) must be present to support the list command. This program should be mode 111.
- ~ftp/etc
- Make this directory owned by “root” and unwritable by anyone (mode 555). The files passwd(5) and group(5) must be present for the ls command to be able to produce owner names rather than numbers. The password field in passwd is not used, and should not contain real passwords. The file motd, if present, will be printed after a successful login. These files should be mode 444.
- ~ftp/pub
- Make this directory mode 777 and owned by “ftp”. Guests can then place files which are to be accessible via the anonymous account in this directory.
FILES¶
- /etc/ftpusers
- List of unwelcome/restricted users.
- /etc/ftpchroot
- List of users to change root to their home directory.
- /etc/ftpwelcome
- Welcome notice.
- /etc/motd
- Welcome notice after login.
- /etc/nologin
- Displayed and access refused.
SEE ALSO¶
BUGS¶
The server must run as the super-user to create sockets with privileged port numbers. It maintains an effective user id of the logged in user, reverting to the super-user only when binding addresses to sockets. The possible security holes have been extensively scrutinized, but are possibly incomplete.
HISTORY¶
The ftpd
command appeared in
4.2BSD.
February 9, 2019 | GNU Network Utilities |