NAME¶

ck_spinlock_init, ck_spinlock_lock, ck_spinlock_unlock, ck_spinlock_locked, ck_spinlock_trylock, ck_spinlock_anderson_init, ck_spinlock_anderson_locked, ck_spinlock_anderson_lock, ck_spinlock_anderson_unlock, ck_spinlock_cas_init, ck_spinlock_cas_locked, ck_spinlock_cas_lock, ck_spinlock_cas_lock_eb, ck_spinlock_cas_trylock, ck_spinlock_cas_unlock, ck_spinlock_clh_init, ck_spinlock_clh_locked, ck_spinlock_clh_lock, ck_spinlock_clh_unlock, ck_spinlock_dec_init, ck_spinlock_dec_locked, ck_spinlock_dec_lock, ck_spinlock_dec_lock_eb, ck_spinlock_dec_trylock, ck_spinlock_dec_unlock, ck_spinlock_fas_init, ck_spinlock_fas_lock, ck_spinlock_fas_lock_eb, ck_spinlock_fas_locked, ck_spinlock_fas_trylock, ck_spinlock_fas_unlock, ck_spinlock_hclh_init, ck_spinlock_hclh_locked, ck_spinlock_hclh_lock, ck_spinlock_hclh_unlock, ck_spinlock_mcs_init, ck_spinlock_mcs_locked, ck_spinlock_mcs_lock, ck_spinlock_mcs_trylock, ck_spinlock_mcs_unlock, ck_spinlock_ticket_init, ck_spinlock_ticket_locked, ck_spinlock_ticket_lock, ck_spinlock_ticket_lock_pb, ck_spinlock_ticket_trylock, ck_spinlock_ticket_unlock — spinlock implementations

LIBRARY¶

Concurrency Kit (libck, -lck)

SYNOPSIS¶

#include <ck_spinlock.h>

ck_spinlock_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_init(ck_spinlock_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_lock(ck_spinlock_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_unlock(ck_spinlock_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_locked(ck_spinlock_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_trylock(ck_spinlock_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_anderson_init(ck_spinlock_anderson_t *lock, ck_spinlock_anderson_thread_t *slots, unsigned int count);

bool
ck_spinlock_anderson_locked(ck_spinlock_anderson_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_anderson_lock(ck_spinlock_anderson_t *lock, ck_spinlock_anderson_thread_t **slot);

void
ck_spinlock_anderson_unlock(ck_spinlock_anderson_t *lock, ck_spinlock_anderson_thread_t *slot);

ck_spinlock_cas_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_CAS_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_cas_init(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_cas_locked(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_cas_lock(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_cas_lock_eb(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_cas_trylock(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_cas_unlock(ck_spinlock_cas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_clh_init(ck_spinlock_clh_t **lock, ck_spinlock_clh_t *unowned);

bool
ck_spinlock_clh_locked(ck_spinlock_clh_t **lock);

void
ck_spinlock_clh_lock(ck_spinlock_clh_t **lock, ck_spinlock_clh_t *node);

void
ck_spinlock_clh_unlock(ck_spinlock_clh_t **node);

ck_spinlock_dec_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_DEC_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_dec_init(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_dec_locked(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_dec_lock(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_dec_lock_eb(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_dec_trylock(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_dec_unlock(ck_spinlock_dec_t *lock);

ck_spinlock_fas_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_FAS_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_fas_init(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_fas_lock(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_fas_lock_eb(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_fas_locked(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_fas_trylock(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_fas_unlock(ck_spinlock_fas_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_hclh_init(ck_spinlock_hclh_t **lock, ck_spinlock_hclh_t *unowned);

bool
ck_spinlock_hclh_locked(ck_spinlock_hclh_t **lock);

void
ck_spinlock_hclh_lock(ck_spinlock_hclh_t **lock, ck_spinlock_hclh_t *node);

void
ck_spinlock_hclh_unlock(ck_spinlock_hclh_t **node);

ck_spinlock_mcs_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_MCS_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_mcs_init(ck_spinlock_mcs_t **lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_mcs_locked(ck_spinlock_mcs_t **lock);

void
ck_spinlock_mcs_lock(ck_spinlock_mcs_t **lock, ck_spinlock_mcs_t *node);

bool
ck_spinlock_mcs_trylock(ck_spinlock_mcs_t **lock, ck_spinlock_mcs_t *node);

void
ck_spinlock_mcs_unlock(ck_spinlock_mcs_t **lock, ck_spinlock_mcs_t *node);

ck_spinlock_ticket_t spinlock = CK_SPINLOCK_TICKET_INITIALIZER;
void
ck_spinlock_ticket_init(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock);

bool
ck_spinlock_ticket_locked(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_ticket_lock(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_ticket_lock_pb(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock, unsigned int period);

bool
ck_spinlock_ticket_trylock(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock);

void
ck_spinlock_ticket_unlock(ck_spinlock_ticket_t *lock);

DESCRIPTION¶

A family of busy-wait spinlock implementations. The ck_spinlock_t implementation is simply a wrapper around the fetch-and-swap (ck_spinlock_fas_t) implementation. The table below provides a summary of the current implementations.

|            Namespace | Algorithm                   | Type          | Restrictions            | Fair   |
´----------------------|-----------------------------|---------------|-------------------------|--------'
  ck_spinlock_anderson   Anderson                      Array           Fixed number of threads   Yes
       ck_spinlock_cas   Compare-and-Swap              Centralized     None                      No
       ck_spinlock_clh   Craig, Landin and Hagersten   Queue           Lifetime requirements     Yes
       ck_spinlock_dec   Decrement (Linux kernel)      Centralized     UINT_MAX concurrency      No
       ck_spinlock_fas   Fetch-and-store               Centralized     None                      No
       ck_spinlock_hclh  Hierarchical CLH              Queue           Lifetime requirements     Yes *
       ck_spinlock_mcs   Mellor-Crummey and Scott      Queue           None                      Yes
    ck_spinlock_ticket   Ticket                        Centralized     None                      Yes

* Hierarchical CLH only offers weak fairness for threads accross cluster nodes.

If contention is low and there is no hard requirement for starvation-freedom then a centralized greedy (unfair) spinlock is recommended. If contention is high and there is no requirement for starvation-freedom then a centralized greedy spinlock is recommended to be used with an exponential backoff mechanism. If contention is generally low and there is a hard requirement for starvation-freedom then the ticket lock is recommended. If contention is high and there is a hard requirement for starvation-freedom then the Craig and Landin and Hagersten queue spinlock is recommended unless stack allocation is necessary or NUMA factor is high, in which case the Mellor-Crummey and Scott spinlock is recommended. If you cannot afford O(n) space-usage from array or queue spinlocks but still require fairness under high contention then the ticket lock with proportional back-off is recommended. If NUMA factor is high but prefer a greedy lock, then please see ck_cohort(3).

EXAMPLE¶

#include <ck_spinlock.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

/*
 * Alternatively, the mutex may be initialized at run-time with
 * ck_spinlock_init(&mutex).
 */
ck_spinlock_t mutex = CK_SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;

void
example(void)
{

        ck_spinlock_lock(&mutex);
        /*
         * Critical section.
         */
        ck_spinlock_unlock(&mutex);

        ck_spinlock_lock_eb(&mutex);
        /*
         * Critical section.
         */
        ck_spinlock_unlock(&mutex);

        if (ck_spinlock_trylock(&mutex) == true) {
                /*
                 * Critical section.
                 */
                ck_spinlock_unlock(&mutex);
        }
}

SEE ALSO¶

ck_cohort(3), ck_elide(3)

Additional information available at http://concurrencykit.org/