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HTTP::Request::Common(3pm) User Contributed Perl Documentation HTTP::Request::Common(3pm)

NAME

HTTP::Request::Common - Construct common HTTP::Request objects

VERSION

version 7.00

SYNOPSIS

  use HTTP::Request::Common;
  $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
  $ua->request(GET 'http://www.sn.no/');
  $ua->request(POST 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
  $ua->request(PATCH 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
  $ua->request(PUT 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);
  $ua->request(OPTIONS 'http://somewhere/foo', foo => bar, bar => foo);

DESCRIPTION

This module provides functions that return newly created "HTTP::Request" objects. These functions are usually more convenient to use than the standard "HTTP::Request" constructor for the most common requests.

Note that LWP::UserAgent has several convenience methods, including "get", "head", "delete", "post" and "put".

The following functions are provided:

The "GET" function returns an HTTP::Request object initialized with the "GET" method and the specified URL. It is roughly equivalent to the following call 

  HTTP::Request->new(
     GET => $url,
     HTTP::Headers->new(Header => Value,...),
  )

but is less cluttered. What is different is that a header named "Content" will initialize the content part of the request instead of setting a header field. Note that GET requests should normally not have a content, so this hack makes more sense for the "PUT", "PATCH"
and "POST" functions described below.

The get(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for "$ua->request(GET ...)".

Like GET() but the method in the request is "HEAD".

The head(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for "$ua->request(HEAD ...)".

Like "GET" but the method in the request is "DELETE". This function is not exported by default.
The same as "POST" below, but the method in the request is "PATCH".
The same as "POST" below, but the method in the request is "PUT"
The same as "POST" below, but the method in the request is "OPTIONS"

This was added in version 6.21, so you should require that in your code:

 use HTTP::Request::Common 6.21;
"POST", "PATCH" and "PUT" all work with the same parameters. 

  %data = ( title => 'something', body => something else' );
  $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new();
  $request = HTTP::Request::Common::POST( $url, [ %data ] );
  $response = $ua->request($request);

They take a second optional array or hash reference parameter $form_ref. The content can also be specified directly using the "Content" pseudo-header, and you may also provide the $form_ref this way.

The "Content" pseudo-header steals a bit of the header field namespace as there is no way to directly specify a header that is actually called "Content". If you really need this you must update the request returned in a separate statement.

The $form_ref argument can be used to pass key/value pairs for the form content. By default we will initialize a request using the "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" content type. This means that you can emulate an HTML <form> POSTing like this:

  POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
       [ name   => 'Gisle Aas',
         email  => 'gisle@aas.no',
         gender => 'M',
         born   => '1964',
         perc   => '3%',
       ];

This will create an HTTP::Request object that looks like this:

  POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
  Content-Length: 66
  Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
  name=Gisle%20Aas&email=gisle%40aas.no&gender=M&born=1964&perc=3%25

Multivalued form fields can be specified by either repeating the field name or by passing the value as an array reference.

The POST method also supports the "multipart/form-data" content used for Form-based File Upload as specified in RFC 1867. You trigger this content format by specifying a content type of 'form-data' as one of the request headers. If one of the values in the $form_ref is an array reference, then it is treated as a file part specification with the following interpretation:

  [ $file, $filename, Header => Value... ]
  [ undef, $filename, Header => Value,..., Content => $content ]

The first value in the array ($file) is the name of a file to open. This file will be read and its content placed in the request. The routine will croak if the file can't be opened. Use an "undef" as $file value if you want to specify the content directly with a "Content" header. The $filename is the filename to report in the request. If this value is undefined, then the basename of the $file will be used. You can specify an empty string as $filename if you want to suppress sending the filename when you provide a $file value.

If a $file is provided by no "Content-Type" header, then "Content-Type" and "Content-Encoding" will be filled in automatically with the values returned by LWP::MediaTypes::guess_media_type()

Sending my ~/.profile to the survey used as example above can be achieved by this:

  POST 'http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi',
       Content_Type => 'form-data',
       Content      => [ name  => 'Gisle Aas',
                         email => 'gisle@aas.no',
                         gender => 'M',
                         born   => '1964',
                         init   => ["$ENV{HOME}/.profile"],
                       ]

This will create an HTTP::Request object that almost looks this (the boundary and the content of your ~/.profile is likely to be different):

  POST http://www.perl.org/survey.cgi
  Content-Length: 388
  Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="6G+f"
  --6G+f
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
  Gisle Aas
  --6G+f
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="email"
  gisle@aas.no
  --6G+f
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="gender"
  M
  --6G+f
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="born"
  1964
  --6G+f
  Content-Disposition: form-data; name="init"; filename=".profile"
  Content-Type: text/plain
  PATH=/local/perl/bin:$PATH
  export PATH
  --6G+f--

If you set the $DYNAMIC_FILE_UPLOAD variable (exportable) to some TRUE value, then you get back a request object with a subroutine closure as the content attribute. This subroutine will read the content of any files on demand and return it in suitable chunks. This allow you to upload arbitrary big files without using lots of memory. You can even upload infinite files like /dev/audio if you wish; however, if the file is not a plain file, there will be no "Content-Length" header defined for the request. Not all servers (or server applications) like this. Also, if the file(s) change in size between the time the "Content-Length" is calculated and the time that the last chunk is delivered, the subroutine will "Croak".

The post(...) method of LWP::UserAgent exists as a shortcut for "$ua->request(POST ...)".

SEE ALSO

HTTP::Request, LWP::UserAgent

Also, there are some examples in "EXAMPLES" in HTTP::Request that you might find useful. For example, batch requests are explained there.

AUTHOR

Gisle Aas <gisle@activestate.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 1994 by Gisle Aas.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

2024-10-10 perl v5.38.2