table of contents
| ZMQ(7) | 0MQ Manual | ZMQ(7) |
NAME¶
zmq - 0MQ lightweight messaging kernel
SYNOPSIS¶
#include <zmq.h>
cc [flags] files -lzmq [libraries]
DESCRIPTION¶
The 0MQ lightweight messaging kernel is a library which extends the standard socket interfaces with features traditionally provided by specialised messaging middleware products. 0MQ sockets provide an abstraction of asynchronous message queues, multiple messaging patterns, message filtering (subscriptions), seamless access to multiple transport protocols and more.
This documentation presents an overview of 0MQ concepts, describes how 0MQ abstracts standard sockets and provides a reference manual for the functions provided by the 0MQ library.
Context¶
The 0MQ context keeps the list of sockets and manages the async I/O thread and internal queries.
Before using any 0MQ library functions you must create a 0MQ context. When you exit your application you must destroy the context. These functions let you work with contexts:
Create a new 0MQ context
Work with context properties
Destroy a 0MQ context
Thread safety
A 0MQ context is thread safe and may be shared among as many application threads as necessary, without any additional locking required on the part of the caller.
Individual 0MQ sockets are not thread safe except in the case where full memory barriers are issued when migrating a socket from one thread to another. In practice this means applications can create a socket in one thread with zmq_socket() and then pass it to a newly created thread as part of thread initialisation, for example via a structure passed as an argument to pthread_create().
Multiple contexts
Multiple contexts may coexist within a single application. Thus, an application can use 0MQ directly and at the same time make use of any number of additional libraries or components which themselves make use of 0MQ as long as the above guidelines regarding thread safety are adhered to.
Messages¶
A 0MQ message is a discrete unit of data passed between applications or components of the same application. 0MQ messages have no internal structure and from the point of view of 0MQ itself they are considered to be opaque binary data.
The following functions are provided to work with messages:
Initialise a message
Sending and receiving a message
Release a message
Access message content
Work with message properties
Message manipulation
Sockets¶
0MQ sockets present an abstraction of an asynchronous message queue, with the exact queueing semantics depending on the socket type in use. See zmq_socket(3) for the socket types provided.
The following functions are provided to work with sockets:
Creating a socket
Closing a socket
Manipulating socket options
Establishing a message flow
Sending and receiving messages
Monitoring socket events
Input/output multiplexing. 0MQ provides a mechanism for applications to multiplex input/output events over a set containing both 0MQ sockets and standard sockets. This mechanism mirrors the standard poll() system call, and is described in detail in zmq_poll(3). This API is deprecated, however.
There is a new DRAFT API with multiple zmq_poller_* function, which is described in zmq_poller(3).
Transports¶
A 0MQ socket can use multiple different underlying transport mechanisms. Each transport mechanism is suited to a particular purpose and has its own advantages and drawbacks.
The following transport mechanisms are provided:
Unicast transport using TCP
Reliable multicast transport using PGM
Local inter-process communication transport
Local in-process (inter-thread) communication transport
Virtual Machine Communications Interface (VMC) transport
Unreliable unicast and multicast using UDP
Proxies¶
0MQ provides proxies to create fanout and fan-in topologies. A proxy connects a frontend socket to a backend socket and switches all messages between the two sockets, opaquely. A proxy may optionally capture all traffic to a third socket. To start a proxy in an application thread, use zmq_proxy(3).
Security¶
A 0MQ socket can select a security mechanism. Both peers must use the same security mechanism.
The following security mechanisms are provided for IPC and TCP connections:
Null security
Plain-text authentication using username and password
Elliptic curve authentication and encryption
Generate a CURVE keypair in armored text format
Derive a CURVE public key from a secret key: zmq_curve_public(3)
Converting keys to/from armoured text strings
ERROR HANDLING¶
The 0MQ library functions handle errors using the standard conventions found on POSIX systems. Generally, this means that upon failure a 0MQ library function shall return either a NULL value (if returning a pointer) or a negative value (if returning an integer), and the actual error code shall be stored in the errno variable.
On non-POSIX systems some users may experience issues with retrieving the correct value of the errno variable. The zmq_errno() function is provided to assist in these cases; for details refer to zmq_errno(3).
The zmq_strerror() function is provided to translate 0MQ-specific error codes into error message strings; for details refer to zmq_strerror(3).
UTILITY¶
The following utility functions are provided:
Working with atomic counters
MISCELLANEOUS¶
The following miscellaneous functions are provided:
Report 0MQ library version
LANGUAGE BINDINGS¶
The 0MQ library provides interfaces suitable for calling from programs in any language; this documentation documents those interfaces as they would be used by C programmers. The intent is that programmers using 0MQ from other languages shall refer to this documentation alongside any documentation provided by the vendor of their language binding.
Language bindings (C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Java and more) are provided by members of the 0MQ community and pointers can be found on the 0MQ website.
AUTHORS¶
This page was written by the 0MQ community. To make a change please read the 0MQ Contribution Policy at http://www.zeromq.org/docs:contributing.
RESOURCES¶
Main web site: http://www.zeromq.org/
Report bugs to the 0MQ development mailing list: <zeromq-dev@lists.zeromq.org[1]>
LICENSE¶
Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the Mozilla Public License Version 2.0 (MPL-2.0). For details see the file LICENSE included with the 0MQ distribution.
NOTES¶
- 1.
- zeromq-dev@lists.zeromq.org
| 10/29/2024 | 0MQ 4.3.5 |