If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it.

The group ID of the given GROUP will be changed to GID.

The value of GID must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used.

Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group.

Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to GROUP, must have their group ID changed manually.

No checks will be performed with regard to the GID_MIN, GID_MAX, SYS_GID_MIN, or SYS_GID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.

Display help message and exit.

The name of the group will be changed from GROUP to NEW_GROUP name.

When used with the -g option, allow to change the group GID to a non-unique value.

The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).

Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.

You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy.

Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are supported.

Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.

A list of usernames to add as members of the group.

The default behavior (if the -g, -N, and -U options are not specified) is defined by the USERGROUPS_ENAB variable in /etc/login.defs.

Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of members in a group.

This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger than 1024 characters.

If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25.

Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it.

Group account information.

Secure group account information.

Shadow password suite configuration.

User account information.

E_SUCCESS: success

E_USAGE: invalid command syntax

E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option

E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use

E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist

E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use

E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file

E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service

E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam

E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message