NAME¶
rpm - RPM Package Manager
SYNOPSIS¶
Querying and verifying packages¶
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options]
[query-options] [PACKAGE_FILE ...] [PACKAGE_NAME ...]
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options]
[verify-options] [PACKAGE_NAME ...]
Installing, upgrading and removing packages¶
rpm {-i|--install} [transaction-options]
[install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [transaction-options]
[install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [transaction-options]
[install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm --reinstall [transaction-options]
[install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm --restore [transaction-options] [select-options]
PACKAGE_NAME ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [transaction-options]
[erase-options] PACKAGE_NAME ...
Misc operations¶
rpm --querytags
See rpm-common(8) for operations common to all rpm
executables.
DESCRIPTION¶
rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used
to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software
packages. A package consists of an archive of files and meta-data
used to install and erase the archive files. The meta-data includes helper
scripts, file attributes, and descriptive information about the package.
Packages come in two varieties: binary packages, used to encapsulate
software to be installed, and source packages, containing the source code
and recipe necessary to produce binary packages.
OPERATIONS¶
Querying and verifying packages¶
-V, --verify
Verify package(s), comparing information about the
installed files in the package with information about the files taken from the
package metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other things,
verifying compares the size, digest, permissions, type, owner and group of
each file. Any discrepancies are displayed.
-q, --query
Query package files or installed package(s).
Installing, upgrading and removing packages¶
-i, --install
Install new package(s) without considering upgrade
scenarios. This is considered special usage, normally installations should be
done with --upgrade.
-U, --upgrade
Install or upgrade package(s) to a newer version. Old
and/or obsoleted package(s) are removed after the new package is
installed.
-F, --freshen
Upgrade package(s), but only ones for which an earlier
version is installed.
--reinstall
Reinstall previously installed package(s).
--restore
Restore file metadata such as timestamp, owner, group,
permissions and capabilities of files of installed package(s).
-e, --erase
Erase installed packages.
Misc operations¶
--querytags
Dump known querytags. Useful with the
--queryformat option.
Obsolete compatibility aliases¶
These are obsolete popt(3) aliases for backwards
compatibility only, and their use is discouraged.
--initdb, --rebuilddb, --verifydb
--addsign, --delsign, --resign
-K, --checksig, --import
--specfile
See rpm-common(8) for the operations common to all rpm
executables.
ARGUMENTS¶
PACKAGE_FILE
Either an
rpm package or an
rpm-manifest(5)
file. May also be specified as an
ftp or
http URL, in which case
the package will be downloaded before being installed. See
FTP/HTTP
OPTIONS for information on
rpm's
ftp and
http client
support.
PACKAGE_NAME
Installed package named PACKAGE_NAME. To specify
the package more precisely the package name may be followed by the version or
version and release both separated by a dash or an architecture name separated
by a dot. See the output of rpm -qa or rpm -qp
PACKAGE_FILE as an example.
INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS¶
--allfiles
Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in
the package, regardless if they exist.
--badreloc
Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all
file paths, not just those OLDPATH's included in the binary package
relocation hint(s).
--excludepath OLDPATH
Don't install files whose name begins with
OLDPATH.
--excludeartifacts
Don't install any files which are marked as artifacts,
such as build-id links.
--excludeconfigs, --noconfigs
Do not install configuration files.
--excludedocs
Don't install any files which are marked as documentation
(which includes man pages and texinfo documents).
--force
Same as using --replacepkgs,
--replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
--ignoresize
Don't check mount filesystems for sufficient disk space
before installing this package.
--ignorearch
Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures
of the binary package and host don't match.
--ignoreos
Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating
systems of the binary package and host don't match.
--includedocs
Install documentation files. This is the default
behavior.
--nocontexts
Don't set SELinux contexts for files and scriptlets. Only
effective if
rpm-plugin-selinux(8) is installed and active.
--nocaps
Don't set file capabilities.
--noverify
Don't perform verify package files prior to
installation.
--nosysusers
Don't create sysusers from packages
--oldpackage
Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older
one.
--prefix NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
that start with the installation prefix in the package relocation hint(s) to
NEWPATH.
--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths
that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to
NEWPATH. This option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH's
in the package are to be relocated.
--replacefiles
Install the packages even if they replace files from
other, already installed, packages.
--replacepkgs
Install the packages even if some of them are already
installed on this system.
ERASE OPTIONS¶
--allmatches
Remove all versions of the package which match
PACKAGE_NAME. Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME
matches multiple packages.
TRANSACTION OPTIONS¶
The transaction options are common to --install,
--upgrade, --reinstall and --erase operations.
--deploops
Print dependency loops as warnings.
-h, --hash
Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.
Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
--justdb
Update only the database, not the filesystem.
--nodb
Update only the filesystem, not the database.
--nodeps
Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the
packages.
--noorder
Don't reorder the packages for an install. The list of
packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.
--noplugins
Do not load and execute plugins.
--noscripts
Disables execution of package scriptlets. Equivalent to
--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun
--nopretrans --noposttrans --nopreuntrans
--nopostuntrans
--nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun
--nopretrans --noposttrans --nopreuntrans
--nopostuntrans
Don't execute the scriptlets of the named type.
--notriggers
Disable execution of package triggers. Equivalent to
--notriggerprein --notriggerin --notriggerun
--notriggerpostun
--notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerprein
--notriggerpostun
Disable execution of the trigger scriptlets of the named
type.
--percent
Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package
archive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other
tools.
--test
Don't really execute anything, just go through the
motions. Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for debugging.
QUERY OPTIONS¶
--qf QUERYFMT, --queryformat
QUERYFMT
There are three subsets of options for querying: package
selection, file selection and information selection.
PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS¶
-a, --all [SELECTOR ...]
Query all installed packages.
Optional SELECTOR's in the form of tag=pattern can be
provided to narrow the selection, for example name="b*" to query
packages whose name starts with "b".
--dupes
List duplicated packages.
-f, --file FILE
Query package owning installed FILE.
--filecaps
List filenames with POSIX1.e capabilities.
--fileclass
List filenames with their classes (libmagic
classification).
--filecolor
List filenames with their colors (0 for noarch, 1 for
32bit, 2 for 64 bit).
--fileprovide
List filenames with their provides.
--filerequire
List filenames with their requires.
-g, --group GROUP
Query packages with the group of GROUP.
--noglob
Do not glob arguments when installing package
files.
--nomanifest
-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE.
--path PATH
Query package(s) owning PATH, whether the file is
installed or not. Multiple packages may own a PATH, but the file is
only owned by the package installed last.
--querybynumber HDRNUM
Query the HDRNUM database entry directly; this is
useful only for debugging.
--specfile SPECFILE
--tid TID
Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction
identifier. A UNIX timestamp is currently used as a transaction identifier.
All package(s) installed or erased within a single transaction have a common
identifier.
--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
Query packages that are triggered by package(s)
PACKAGE_NAME.
--whatobsoletes CAPABILITY
Query all packages that obsolete CAPABILITY for
proper functioning.
--whatprovides CAPABILITY
Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY
capability.
--whatrequires CAPABILITY
Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for
proper functioning.
--whatconflicts CAPABILITY
Query all packages that conflict with
CAPABILITY.
--whatrecommends CAPABILITY
Query all packages that recommend
CAPABILITY.
--whatsuggests CAPABILITY
Query all packages that suggest CAPABILITY.
--whatsupplements CAPABILITY
Query all packages that supplement
CAPABILITY.
--whatenhances CAPABILITY
Query all packages that enhance CAPABILITY.
PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS¶
--changelog
Display change information for the package.
--changes
Display change information for the package with full
timestamps.
--conflicts
List capabilities this package conflicts with.
--dump
Dump file information as follows (implies
-l):
path size mtime digest mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev
symlink
--enhances
List capabilities enhanced by package(s).
--filesbypkg
List all the files in each selected package.
--filetriggers
List filetrigger scriptlets from package(s).
-i, --info
Display package information, including name, version, and
description. This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.
--last
Orders the package listing by install time such that the
latest packages are at the top.
-l, --list
List files in package.
--obsoletes
List packages this package obsoletes.
--provides
List capabilities this package provides.
--recommends
List capabilities recommended by package(s).
-R, --requires
List capabilities on which this package depends.
--suggests
List capabilities suggested by package(s).
--supplements
List capabilities supplemented by package(s).
--scripts
List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as
part of the installation and uninstallation processes.
-s, --state
Display the states of files in the package
(implies -l). The state of each file is one of normal, not
installed, or replaced.
--triggers, --triggerscripts
Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained
in the package.
--xml
Format package headers as XML.
FILE SELECTION OPTIONS¶
-A, --artifactfiles
Only include artifact files (implies -l).
-c, --configfiles
Only include configuration files (implies
-l).
-d, --docfiles
Only include documentation files (implies
-l).
-L, --licensefiles
Only include license files (implies -l).
--noartifact
Exclude artifact files.
--noconfig
Exclude config files.
--noghost
Exclude ghost files.
VERIFY OPTIONS¶
The package and file selection options are the same as for package
querying (including rpm-manifest(5) files as arguments). Other
options unique to verify mode are:
--nodeps
Don't verify dependencies of packages.
--nodigest
Don't verify package or header digests when
reading.
--nofiles
Don't verify any attributes of package files.
--noscripts
Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if
any).
--nosignature
Don't verify package or header signatures when
reading.
--nolinkto --nofiledigest (formerly --nomd5)
--nosize --nomtime --nomode --nordev
Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.
--nouser --nogroup
Don't verify file user/group ownership. Note that only
local
passwd(5) and
group(5) databases are consulted.
--nocaps
Don't verify file capabilities.
OUTPUT¶
--verify
The format of the output is a string of 9
result
characters a possible
attribute from the package, followed by the
filename.
Each of the 9 characters denotes the result of a comparison of
attribute(s) of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the
database.
A single "." (period) means the test passed,
while a single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could
not be performed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading). Otherwise, the
(mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the
corresponding --verify test:
| Result |
Description |
| S |
file Size differs |
| M |
Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) |
| 5 |
digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs |
| D |
Device major/minor number mismatch |
| L |
readLink(2) path mismatch |
| U |
User ownership differs |
| G |
Group ownership differs |
| T |
mTime differs |
| P |
caPabilities differ |
| Attribute |
Description |
| a |
%artifact - an implicit side-effect file (eg. build-id
links) |
| c |
%configuration file |
| d |
%documentation file |
| g |
%ghost file |
| l |
%license file |
| m |
%missingok - file missing is not a verify failure |
| n |
%config(noreplace) - do not replace (a %config file) |
| r |
%readme file |
| s |
rpm-spec(5) file in a source package |
EXIT STATUS¶
On success, 0 is returned, a nonzero failure code otherwise.
EXAMPLES¶
rpm -Uvh hello-2.0-1.noarch.rpm
Install or upgrade hello-2.0-1.noarch.rpm package
with verbose output and progress meters. -Uvh is probably the most
common of all the rpm operations.
rpm -Uvh --excludedocs --root /srv/test mydist-23.mft
Install packages described by the
mydist-23.mft
rpm-manifest(5) file into the alternative system root at
/srv/test, excluding all documentation files.
rpm -Fvh *.rpm
Freshen installed packages from a local directory, with
verbose output and progress meters.
rpm -i kernel-6.15.4-200.x86_64.rpm
Install kernel-6.15.4-200.x86_64.rpm package
quietly. On some Linux distributions, different kernel versions are intended
to be installed in parallel like this, without erasing older ones to
ensure there's a bootable kernel in case of problems. It's one of the few
cases where -i is the right thing to use.
rpm -evh --allmatches libhello
Erase all versions of package libhello on the
system, with verbose output and progress meters. Typically there is only one
version of a package installed at a time, but in some cases it's possible to
have different versions or different architectures of a package installed in
parallel, in which case --allmatches can be handy.
rpm -vh --reinstall hello-2.0-1.noarch.rpm
Reinstall previously installed
hello-2.0-1.noarch.rpm package, with verbose output and progress
labels. Useful if eg. the files of a package get corrupted or erased
accidentally.
rpm -v --restore --all
Restore permissions of files in all installed packages to
their packaged specifications, with verbose output.
rpm --verify --noconfig openssh-server
Verify the integrity of the installed
openssh-server package, ignoring changes in configuration.
rpm -qa
List all installed packages, using the default
formatting.
rpm -qlv --noartifact glibc
List the files of the
glibc package in style
similar to
ls(1) command output with
ls -l, omitting
"artifact" files such as build-id's which are not usually the main
interest.
rpm -q --qf "[%{filenames} %{filedigests}\n]"
openssh-server
List filenames and their corresponding digests of
installed openssh-server package.
rpm -qp --scripts --triggers --filetriggers
myserver-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Show all scriptlets and triggers from the
myserver-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm package file. Before installing unknown
packages, at least do this!
rpm --target ppc64le --eval "%optflags"
Print the expansion of the %optflags macro for the
ppc64le architecture.
