NAME¶
f2c - Convert Fortran 77 to C or C++
SYNOPSIS¶
f2c [
option ... ]
file ...
DESCRIPTION¶
F2c converts Fortran 77 source code in
files with names ending in
`.f' or `.F' to C (or C++) source files in the current directory, with `.c'
substituted for the final `.f' or `.F'. If no Fortran files are named,
f2c reads Fortran from standard input and writes C on standard output.
File names that end with `.p' or `.P' are taken to be prototype files,
as produced by option `-P', and are read first.
The following options have the same meaning as in
f77(1).
- -C
- Compile code to check that subscripts are within declared
array bounds.
- -I2
- Render INTEGER and LOGICAL as short, INTEGER∗4 as
long int. Assume the default libF77 and libI77: allow only
INTEGER∗4 (and no LOGICAL) variables in INQUIREs. Option `-I4'
confirms the default rendering of INTEGER as long int.
- -Idir
- Look for a non-absolute include file first in the directory
of the current input file, then in directories specified by -I options
(one directory per option). Options -I2 and -I4 have precedence, so, e.g.,
a directory named 2 should be specified by -I./2 .
- -onetrip
- Compile DO loops that are performed at least once if
reached. (Fortran 77 DO loops are not performed at all if the upper limit
is smaller than the lower limit.)
- -U
- Honor the case of variable and external names. Fortran
keywords must be in lower case.
- -u
- Make the default type of a variable `undefined' rather than
using the default Fortran rules.
- -w
- Suppress all warning messages, or, if the option is `-w66',
just Fortran 66 compatibility warnings.
The following options are peculiar to
f2c.
- -A
- Produce ANSI C (default, starting 20020621).
For old-style C, use option -K.
- -a
- Make local variables automatic rather than static unless
they appear in a DATA, EQUIVALENCE, NAMELIST, or
SAVE statement.
- -C++
- Output C++ code.
- -c
- Include original Fortran source as comments.
- -cd
- Do not recognize cdabs, cdcos, cdexp, cdlog, cdsin, and
cdsqrt as synonyms for the double complex intrinsics zabs, zcos, zexp,
zlog, zsin, and zsqrt, respectively, nor dreal as a synonym for dble.
- -ddir
- Write `.c' files in directory dir instead of the
current directory.
- -E
- Declare uninitialized COMMON to be
Extern (overridably defined in f2c.h as extern).
- -ec
- Place uninitialized COMMON blocks in
separate files: COMMON /ABC/ appears in file abc_com.c.
Option `-e1c' bundles the separate files into the output file, with
comments that give an unbundling sed(1) script.
- -ext
- Complain about f77(1) extensions.
- -f
- Assume free-format input: accept text after column 72 and
do not pad fixed-format lines shorter than 72 characters with blanks.
- -72
- Treat text appearing after column 72 as an error.
- -g
- Include original Fortran line numbers in #line lines.
- -h
- Emulate Fortran 66's treatment of Hollerith: try to align
character strings on word (or, if the option is `-hd', on double-word)
boundaries.
- -i2
- Similar to -I2, but assume a modified libF77
and libI77 (compiled with -Df2c_i2), so
INTEGER and LOGICAL variables may be
assigned by INQUIRE and array lengths are stored in short
ints.
- -i90
- Do not recognize the Fortran 90 bit-manipulation intrinsics
btest, iand, ibclr, ibits, ibset, ieor, ior, ishft, and ishftc.
- -kr
- Use temporary values to enforce Fortran expression
evaluation where K&R (first edition) parenthesization rules allow
rearrangement. If the option is `-krd', use double precision temporaries
even for single-precision operands.
- -P
- Write a file.P of ANSI (or C++) prototypes
for definitions in each input file.f or
file.F. When reading Fortran from standard input,
write prototypes at the beginning of standard output. Option -Ps
implies -P and gives exit status 4 if rerunning f2c may
change prototypes or declarations.
- -p
- Supply preprocessor definitions to make common-block
members look like local variables.
- -R
- Do not promote REAL functions and operations
to DOUBLE PRECISION. Option `-!R' confirms the default,
which imitates f77.
- -r
- Cast REAL arguments of intrinsic functions and values of
REAL functions (including intrinsics) to REAL.
- -r8
- Promote REAL to DOUBLE PRECISION,
COMPLEX to DOUBLE COMPLEX.
- -s
- Preserve multidimensional subscripts. Suppressed by option
`-C' .
- -Tdir
- Put temporary files in directory dir.
- -trapuv
- Dynamically initialize local variables, except those
appearing in SAVE or DATA statements, with
values that may help find references to uninitialized variables. For
example, with IEEE arithmetic, initialize local floating-point variables
to signaling NaNs.
- -w8
- Suppress warnings when COMMON or
EQUIVALENCE forces odd-word alignment of doubles.
- -Wn
- Assume n characters/word (default 4) when
initializing numeric variables with character data.
- -z
- Do not implicitly recognize DOUBLE
COMPLEX.
- -!bs
- Do not recognize backslash escapes (\",
\', \0, \\, \b, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v) in character strings.
- -!c
- Inhibit C output, but produce -P output.
- i-!I
- Reject include statements.
- -!i8
- Disallow INTEGER*8 , or, if the option is
`-!i8const', permit INTEGER*8 but do not promote integer
constants to INTEGER*8 when they involve more than 32
bits.
- -!it
- Don't infer types of untyped EXTERNAL
procedures from use as parameters to previously defined or prototyped
procedures.
- -!P
- Do not attempt to infer ANSI or C++
prototypes from usage.
- -v, --version
- Print the version number of f2c
The resulting C invokes the support routines of
f77; object code should
be loaded by
f77 or with
ld(1) or
cc(1) options
-lF77
-lI77 -lm. Calling conventions are those of
f77: see the reference
below.
FILES¶
- file.[fF]
- input file
- *.c
- output file
- /usr/include/f2c.h
- header file
- /usr/lib/libf2c.a
- static link intrinsic and I/O library
- /usr/lib/libf2c_i2.a
- static link intrinsic and I/O library for use with files
translated using the -i2 f2c option
- /usr/lib/libf2c.so
- shared object intrinsic and I/O library
- /usr/lib/libf2c_i2.so
- shared object intrinsic and I/O library for use with files
translated using the -i2 f2c option
SEE ALSO¶
S. I. Feldman and P. J. Weinberger, `A Portable Fortran 77 Compiler',
UNIX
Time Sharing System Programmer's Manual, Tenth Edition, Volume 2, AT&T
Bell Laboratories, 1990.
DIAGNOSTICS¶
The diagnostics produced by
f2c are intended to be self-explanatory.
BUGS¶
Floating-point constant expressions are simplified in the floating-point
arithmetic of the machine running
f2c, so they are typically accurate
to at most 16 or 17 decimal places.
Untypable
EXTERNAL functions are declared
int.
There is no notation for
INTEGER*8 constants.
Some intrinsic functions do not yet work with
INTEGER*8 .
