NAME¶
Net::NBName - NetBIOS Name Service Requests
SYNOPSIS¶
use Net::NBName;
my $nb = Net::NBName->new;
# a unicast node status request
my $ns = $nb->node_status("10.0.0.1");
if ($ns) {
print $ns->as_string;
}
# a unicast name query request
my $nq = $nb->name_query("10.0.1.80", "SPARK", 0x00);
if ($nq) {
print $nq->as_string;
}
# a broadcast name query request
my $nq = $nb->name_query(undef, "SPARK", 0x00);
if ($nq) {
print $nq->as_string;
}
DESCRIPTION¶
Net::NBName is a class that allows you to perform simple NetBIOS Name Service
Requests in your Perl code. It performs these NetBIOS operations over TCP/IP
using Perl's built-in socket support.
I've currently implemented two NBNS requests: the node status request and the
name query request.
- NetBIOS Node Status Request
- This allows you to determine the registered NetBIOS names
for a specified remote host.
The decoded response is returned as a "Net::NBName::NodeStatus"
object.
querying 192.168.0.10 for node status...
SPARK <20> UNIQUE M-node Registered Active
SPARK <00> UNIQUE M-node Registered Active
PLAYGROUND <00> GROUP M-node Registered Active
PLAYGROUND <1C> GROUP M-node Registered Active
PLAYGROUND <1B> UNIQUE M-node Registered Active
PLAYGROUND <1E> GROUP M-node Registered Active
SPARK <03> UNIQUE M-node Registered Active
PLAYGROUND <1D> UNIQUE M-node Registered Active
..__MSBROWSE__.<01> GROUP M-node Registered Active
MAC Address = 00-1C-2B-3A-49-58
- NetBIOS Name Query Request
- This allows you to resolve a name to an IP address using
NetBIOS Name Resolution. These requests can either be unicast (e.g. if you
are querying an NBNS server) or broadcast on the local subnet.
In either case, the decoded response is returned as an
"Net::NBName::NameQuery" object.
querying 192.168.0.10 for playground<00>...
255.255.255.255 GROUP B-node
ttl = 0 (default is 300000)
RA set, this was an NBNS server
broadcasting for playground<1C>...
192.168.0.10 GROUP B-node
ttl = 0 (default is 300000)
RA set, this was an NBNS server
broadcasting for spark<20>...
192.168.0.10 UNIQUE H-node
ttl = 0 (default is 300000)
RA set, this was an NBNS server
CONSTRUCTOR¶
- $nb = Net::NBName->new
- Creates a new "Net::NBName" object. This can be
used to perform NetBIOS Name Service requests.
METHODS¶
- $ns = $nb->node_status( $host [, $timeout] )
- This will query the host for its node status. The response
will be returned as a "Net::NBName::NodeStatus" object.
If no response is received from the host, the method will return undef.
You can also optionally specify the timeout in seconds for the node status
request. The timeout defaults to .25 seconds.
- $nq = $nb->name_query( $host, $name, $suffix [, $flags
[, $timeout] ] )
- This will query the host for the specified name. The
response will be returned as a "Net::NBName::NameQuery" object.
If $host is undef, then a broadcast name query will be performed; otherwise,
a unicast name query will be performed.
Broadcast name queries can sometimes receive multiple responses. Only the
first positive response will be decoded and returned as a
"Net::NBName::NameQuery" object.
If no response is received or a negative name query response is received,
the method will return undef.
You can override the flags in the NetBIOS name request, if you *really* want
to. See the notes on Hacking Name Query Flags.
You can also optionally specify the timeout in seconds for the name query
request. It defaults to .25 seconds for unicast name queries and 1 second
for broadcast name queries.
EXAMPLES¶
Querying NetBIOS Names
You can use this example to query for a NetBIOS name. If you specify a host, it
will perform a unicast query; if you don't specify a host, it will perform a
broadcast query. I've used the shorthand of specifying the name as
<name>#<suffix> where the suffix should be in hex.
"namequery.pl spark#0"
"namequery.pl spark#20 192.168.0.10"
use strict;
use Net::NBName;
my $nb = Net::NBName->new;
my $param = shift;
my $host = shift;
if ($param =~ /^([\w-]+)\#(\w{1,2})$/) {
my $name = $1;
my $suffix = hex $2;
my $nq;
if (defined($host) && $host =~ /\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+/) {
printf "querying %s for %s<%02X>...\n", $host, $name, $suffix;
$nq = $nb->name_query($host, $name, $suffix);
} else {
printf "broadcasting for %s<%02X>...\n", $name, $suffix;
$nq = $nb->name_query(undef, $name, $suffix);
}
if ($nq) {
print $nq->as_string;
}
} else {
die "expected: <name>#<suffix> [<host>]\n";
}
Querying Remote Name Table
This example emulates the windows nbtstat -A command. By specifying the ip
address of the remote host, you can check its NetBIOS Name Table.
"nodestat.pl 192.168.0.10"
use Net::NBName;
my $nb = Net::NBName->new;
my $host = shift;
if (defined($host) && $host =~ /\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+/) {
my $ns = $nb->node_status($host);
if ($ns) {
print $ns->as_string;
} else {
print "no response\n";
}
} else {
die "expected: <host>\n";
}
Scanning for NetBIOS hosts
This example can be used to scan for NetBIOS hosts on a subnet. It uses
Net::Netmask to parse the subnet parameter and enumerate the hosts in that
subnet.
"nodescan.pl 192.168.0.0/24"
use Net::NBName;
use Net::Netmask;
$mask = shift or die "expected: <subnet>\n";
$nb = Net::NBName->new;
$subnet = Net::Netmask->new2($mask);
for $ip ($subnet->enumerate) {
print "$ip ";
$ns = $nb->node_status($ip);
if ($ns) {
for my $rr ($ns->names) {
if ($rr->suffix == 0 && $rr->G eq "GROUP") {
$domain = $rr->name;
}
if ($rr->suffix == 3 && $rr->G eq "UNIQUE") {
$user = $rr->name;
}
if ($rr->suffix == 0 && $rr->G eq "UNIQUE") {
$machine = $rr->name unless $rr->name =~ /^IS~/;
}
}
$mac_address = $ns->mac_address;
print "$mac_address $domain\\$machine $user";
}
print "\n";
}
NOTES¶
Microsoft's WINS Server Implementation
When performing name queries, you should note that when Microsoft implemented
their NBNS Name Server (Microsoft WINS Server) they mapped group names to the
single IP address 255.255.255.255 (the limited broadcast address). In order to
support
real group names, Microsoft modified WINS to provide support
for special groups. These groups appear differently in WINS. For example, the
Domain Controllers (0x1C) group appears as "Domain Name" instead of
"Group".
The complete set of WINS mapping types is:
Unique
Group
Domain Name
Internet group
Multihomed
Unique and Group map to a single IP address. Domain Name, Internet group, and
Multihomed are special groups that can include up to 25 IP addresses.
Hacking Name Query Flags
NetBIOS Name Service Requests have a number of flags associated with them. These
are set to sensible defaults by the code when sending node status and name
query requests.
However, it is possible to override these settings by calling the name_query
method of a "Net::NBName" object with a fourth parameter:
$nb->name_query( $host, $name, $suffix, $flags );
For a unicast name query, the flags default to 0x0100 which sets the RD
(recursion desired) flag. For a broadcast name query, the flags default to
0x0010 which sets the B (broadcast) flag.
Experimentation gave the following results:
- •
- If B is set, the remote name table will be used. There will
be no response if the queried name is not present.
- •
- If B is not set and the host is an NBNS server, the NBNS
server will be used before the remote name table and you will get a
negative response if the name is not present; if the host is not an NBNS
server, you will get no response if the name is not present.
COPYRIGHT¶
Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004 James Macfarlane. All rights reserved. This
program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
same terms as Perl itself.
