uruk-rc - uruk resource file, defining access policy
/etc/uruk/rc
rc is a shell script snippet, sourced in uruk by /bin/sh. rc lists IP addresses, allowed to use services.
The simplest valid rc file is the empty file. This rc file blocks all TCP and UDP connection attempts to services on our host: this is the default behaviour. The simplest rc file which does allow traffic to our services looks like e.g.:

interfaces=eth0

ip_eth0=192.168.26.27
net_eth0=192.168.0.0/16

services_eth0_tcp=local
ports_eth0_tcp_local="0:65535"
sources_eth0_tcp_local="0.0.0.0/0"

services_eth0_udp=local
ports_eth0_udp_local="0:65535"
sources_eth0_udp_local="0.0.0.0/0"

This rc file allows all IPv4 UDP and TCP traffic from publicly routable IPs to eth0's IP. For a more reasonable rc file, look at the well-commented example rc file in /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/rc.
Uruk offers hooks for inserting your own code between iptables invocations. Examples will show the usefulness of these hooks. allowing broadcasts In rc, there is:

 rc_b=$etcdir/bootp

while the file bootp reads

 iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -i eth0 \
   --protocol udp --destination-port bootps -j ACCEPT

. This enables one to add rules for packets with broadcast addresses in their destination. (Uruk has no support for this in its regular rc.) allowing non-matching returntraffic In rc there is:

 rc_d=$etcdir/dns

while the file dns reads

  for source in 10.5.0.27 10.56.0.40
  do
    $iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 --protocol udp \
      --source "$source" --source-port domain \
      --destination "$ip_eth0" \
      --destination-port 30000: -j ACCEPT
  done

This allows one to allow (return)traffic, disregarding the state. (Uruk has no support for this in its regular rc.) allowing NAT In rc there is:

 rc_a=${etcdir}/nat

while the file nat reads

  $iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING \
    --out-interface eth0 -j SNAT \
    --to-source $ip_eth0

This allows Network Address Translation. However, beware! Like all extensive use of hooks, this will break the uruk-save script. If you make sure your active iptables rules are wiped, and invoke uruk manually to load new rules, you're safe. Using the init-script with it's default settings is safe too. allowing any traffic on an interface In rc there is:

 interfaces_unprotect="lo eth2"

This allows any traffic on eth2 (and on lo, the default), including any ICMP packets and packets from any source address. using multiple hooks at one entry point in the main uruk process In case rc_a, rc_b, ... , or rc_i does not have a file as its value, but a directory, all files matching "$rc_x"/*.rc will get sourced. This helps configuration management in complex situations involving lots of uruk configuration files for lots of hosts. See the section "THE GORY DETAILS: uruk INTERNALS" in uruk(8) (or the uruk source) to find out which hook (there are hooks rc_a, rc_b, ... , rc_i) to use.
Uruk supports situations where a network interface has more than one IP address attached. Variables ips_ nic and bcasts_nic are used for this. If ips_ nic is set, e.g. like

 ips_eth0="ip0 ip1 ip2"

we assume multiple (three in this example) IPs are assigned to eth0. If this variable is not set only one IP is supported on eth0. In multiple-IP mode, IP addresses are listed as e.g.

 ip_eth0_ip0="137.56.247.16"

(If you're used to the Linux ifconfig(8) output, you could use the name ip1 for eth0:1, and ip0 for eth0.) The ports, services and sources variables look like e.g.

 services_eth0_ip2_tcp=local
 ports_eth0_ip2_tcp_local=smtp
 sources_eth0_ip2_tcp_local=$localnet

and, similarly,

 net_eth0_ip1=192.168.0.0/16

Furthermore, for dropping broadcast packets, specify e.g.

 bcasts_eth0="ip0 ip2"     # yes, possibly a subset of ips_eth0
 bcast_eth0_ip0="10.0.0.255"
 bcast_eth0_ip2="10.0.255.255"

The interfaces_nocast variable holds things like eth0 and eth1, like in single-IP-per-nic mode.
Uruk has support for logging network packets, and for debugging the uruk script. Logging By default, uruk logs denied packets. This is adjustable using the loglevel variable. The settings are:
• "zero": be silent; do not log any packet. rc file features loglevel=10.

• "low": log denied packets, which are targetted at one of our IPs. rc file features loglevel=30.

• "medium": log denied non-broadcast packets. This is the default: loglevel is unset or rc file features loglevel=50.

• "fascist": log all packets. rc file features loglevel=90.
Debugging To debug the uruk script, invoke uruk as

 sh -x /usr/sbin/uruk

this shows what is done, along with executing it. (Like an uruk '-v' option.) (Alternatively, add "set -x" to your rc file.) If you'd rather prefer not to execute, but just watch what would've been done, invoke uruk as

 URUK_IPTABLES='echo iptables' URUK_IP6TABLES='echo ip6tables' uruk

(Like an uruk '-n' option.) If you have this statement set, you can run uruk under a non-priviliged user account. If you'd like to test a new rc file before installing it, run something like:

  URUK_CONFIG=/path/to/new/uruk/rc/file uruk

Of course, all these tweaks can be combined.
The uruk script honors the following variables in rc files:
• "version" Uruk version compatibility of this rc file

• "loglevel"

• "iptables" Full pathname of iptables executable.

• "ip6tables" Full pathname of ip6tables executable.

• "interfaces" List of network interfaces.
More variables are available. For now, you'll have to take a look at the example rc file in /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/rc for more details.
See uruk(8) for a list of honored environment variables.
/etc/uruk/rc
A well-commented example rc file is in /usr/share/doc/uruk/examples/rc. And see uruk(8), uruk-save(8).
Copyright (C) 2003 Stichting LogReport Foundation logreport@logreport.org; Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Tilburg University http://www.uvt.nl/; Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010 Joost van Baal <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx> This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Joost van Baal <joostvb-uruk@mdcc.cx>