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WINBINDD(8) | System Administration tools | WINBINDD(8) |
NAME¶
winbindd - Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names from NT serversSYNOPSIS¶
winbindd [-D]
[-F] [-S] [-i] [-Y] [-d <debug level>]
[-s <smb config file>] [-n]
DESCRIPTION¶
This program is part of the samba(7) suite. winbindd is a daemon that provides a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM and ntlm_auth and to Samba itself. Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a service to smbd, ntlm_auth and the pam_winbind.so PAM module, by managing connections to domain controllers. In this configuration the idmap config * : range parameter is not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode´.) The Name Service Switch allows user and system information to be obtained from different databases services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured through the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the Samba system. The service provided by winbindd is called `winbind´ and can be used to resolve user and group information from a Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication services via an associated PAM module. The pam_winbind module supports the auth, account and password module-types. It should be noted that the account module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain controller has already performed access control. If the libnss_winbind library has been correctly installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed. The following nsswitch databases are implemented by the winbindd service: hostsThis feature is only available on IRIX. User
information traditionally stored in the hosts(5) file and used by
gethostbyname(3) functions. Names are resolved through the WINS server or by
broadcast.
passwd
User information traditionally stored in the
passwd(5) file and used by getpwent(3) functions.
group
Group information traditionally stored in the
group(5) file and used by getgrent(3) functions.
For example, the following simple configuration in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file
can be used to initially resolve user and group information from /etc/passwd
and /etc/group and then from the Windows NT server.
passwd: files winbind group: files winbind ## only available on IRIX: use winbind to resolve hosts: # hosts: files dns winbind ## All other NSS enabled systems should use libnss_wins.so like this: hosts: files dns wins
hosts: files wins
OPTIONS¶
-DIf specified, this parameter causes the server
to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches itself and runs in the background
on the appropriate port. This switch is assumed if winbindd is executed on the
command line of a shell.
-F
If specified, this parameter causes the main
winbindd process to not daemonize, i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the
terminal. Child processes are still created as normal to service each
connection request, but the main process does not exit. This operation mode is
suitable for running winbindd under process supervisors such as supervise and
svscan from Daniel J. Bernstein´s daemontools package, or the AIX process
monitor.
-S
If specified, this parameter causes winbindd
to log to standard output rather than a file.
-d|--debuglevel=level
level is an integer from 0 to 10. The
default value if this parameter is not specified is 0.
The higher this value, the more detail will be logged to the log files about the
activities of the server. At level 0, only critical errors and serious
warnings will be logged. Level 1 is a reasonable level for day-to-day running
- it generates a small amount of information about operations carried out.
Levels above 1 will generate considerable amounts of log data, and should only
be used when investigating a problem. Levels above 3 are designed for use only
by developers and generate HUGE amounts of log data, most of which is
extremely cryptic.
Note that specifying this parameter here will override the
smb.conf.5.html# parameter in the smb.conf file.
-V|--version
Prints the program version number.
-s|--configfile <configuration file>
The file specified contains the configuration
details required by the server. The information in this file includes
server-specific information such as what printcap file to use, as well as
descriptions of all the services that the server is to provide. See smb.conf
for more information. The default configuration file name is determined at
compile time.
-l|--log-basename=logdirectory
Base directory name for log/debug files. The
extension ".progname" will be appended (e.g. log.smbclient,
log.smbd, etc...). The log file is never removed by the client.
-h|--help
Print a summary of command line options.
-i
Tells winbindd to not become a daemon and
detach from the current terminal. This option is used by developers when
interactive debugging of winbindd is required. winbindd also logs to standard
output, as if the -S parameter had been given.
-n
Disable caching. This means winbindd will
always have to wait for a response from the domain controller before it can
respond to a client and this thus makes things slower. The results will
however be more accurate, since results from the cache might not be
up-to-date. This might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn´t
respond.
-Y
Single daemon mode. This means winbindd will
run as a single process (the mode of operation in Samba 2.2). Winbindd´s
default behavior is to launch a child process that is responsible for updating
expired cache entries.
NAME AND ID RESOLUTION¶
Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that winbindd performs. As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored in a database and will be remembered. WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user and group rids.CONFIGURATION¶
Configuration of the winbindd daemon is done through configuration parameters in the smb.conf(5) file. All parameters should be specified in the [global] section of smb.conf.•
winbind separator
•
idmap config * : range
•
idmap config * : backend
•
winbind cache time
•
winbind enum users
•
winbind enum groups
•
template homedir
•
template shell
•
winbind use default domain
•
winbind: rpc only Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain Controllers.
EXAMPLE SETUP¶
To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authentication from a domain controller use something like the following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box. In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the following:passwd: files winbind group: files winbind
auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \ use_first_pass shadow nullok
[global] winbind separator = + winbind cache time = 10 template shell = /bin/bash template homedir = /home/%D/%U idmap config * : range = 10000-20000 workgroup = DOMAIN security = domain password server = *
NOTES¶
The following notes are useful when configuring and running winbindd: nmbd(8) must be running on the local machine for winbindd to work. PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local machine, unless a shared idmap config * : backend is configured. If the the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost.SIGNALS¶
The following signals can be used to manipulate the winbindd daemon. SIGHUPReload the smb.conf(5) file and apply
any parameter changes to the running version of winbindd. This signal also
clears any cached user and group information. The list of other domains
trusted by winbindd is also reloaded.
SIGUSR2
The SIGUSR2 signal will cause winbindd to
write status information to the winbind log file.
Log files are stored in the filename specified by the log file parameter.
FILES¶
/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)Name service switch configuration file.
/tmp/.winbindd/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate
with the winbindd program. For security reasons, the winbind client will only
attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the /tmp/.winbindd directory
and /tmp/.winbindd/pipe file are owned by root.
/var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe
The UNIX pipe over which
´privileged´ clients communicate with the winbindd program. For
security reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by the
ntlm_auth utility - is restricted. By default, only users in the
´root´ group will get this access, however the administrator may
change the group permissions on /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged to allow
programs like ´squid´ to use ntlm_auth. Note that the winbind client
will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon if both the
/var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged directory and
/var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe file are owned by root.
/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X
Implementation of name service switch
library.
/var/run/samba/winbindd_idmap.tdb
Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX
user/group id mapping.
/var/run/samba/winbindd_cache.tdb
Storage for cached user and group
information.
VERSION¶
This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite.SEE ALSO¶
nsswitch.conf(5), samba(7), wbinfo(1), ntlm_auth(8), smb.conf(5), pam_winbind(8)AUTHOR¶
The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed. wbinfo and winbindd were written by Tim Potter. The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.06/22/2012 | Samba 3.6 |